Autogenic Training Research Articles

自律訓練法標準練習と空間感覚練習の心理的効果の比較―受動的注意集中の観点から―

The purpose of this study was to compare the psychological effects of the heaviness and the warmth Standard Exercises (SE) with those of the first Space Exercises (SP) in Autogenic Training (AT) on college students. This study was conducted by the repeated practice of two experimental groups (SE, SP) and one control group (CT). The participants in the experimental groups practiced once a week, for three weeks. All the participants were assessed with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait Anxiety (STAI-T), Autogenic Training Clinical Effectiveness Scale (ATCES), and Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale. The results showed that the SE group showed more decreases in STAI-T and more increases in ATCES than the SP group, while the more neurotic, showed more increases in self-esteem in both the SE and SP groups. It is possible that non-clinical adults with high neuroticism might be able to enhance their STAI-T and ATCES in the SE group than in the SP group if their SE trainers respected their bodily abilities in readily responding to changes in sensations.

The comparison of autogenic training and suggestion on finger temperature,HR and T-wave amplitude

目的 对照研究在自生训练和暗示指温升高的过程中,手指温度、心率、心电图T波幅度的变化情况.方法根据受暗示性高低,将被试进行匹配分为受暗示组、自生训练组和对照组,每组12人,分别测量每组被试的基线生理指标和训练中及训练后的生理指标,进行分析.结果对照组各项指标变化都不显著;受暗示组手指温度升高[(31.92±1.67)℃],T波幅度下降显著(P ＜0.05);自生训练组T波幅度显著升高(P ＜0.05),手指温度升高[(30.94±4.11)℃].结论自生训练可以改善冠状动脉血液循环,暗示具有针对性,主要是针对靶器官起作用的,暗示作用在没放松时也能显示出来。

Autogenes Training

Das Autogene Training, von I. H. Schultz vor 75 Jahren "erfunden", erfreut sich großer Beliebtheit. Es ist fester Bestandteil der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung. Allgemein gilt es als "Basispsychotherapeutikum".

Coordination dynamics of circulatory and respiratory rhythms during psychomotor drive reduction

A 0.15-Hz rhythm band in cutaneous blood oscillations in awake human subjects was studied in cardiovascular–respiratory time series of five subjects relaxing naïvely or practicing hypnoid relaxation (autogenic training, or AT). Time series analysis used nonlinear algorithms, time–frequency distribution (TFD), postevent scan (PES) method, and linear fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. This 0.15-Hz rhythm band caused phase synchronization with respiration at 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1 integer number ( n/ m) ratios for extended periods. During wave epochs, the 0.15-Hz rhythm band was amplified, causing the 0.15-Hz rhythm band to also appear in interbeat intervals and arterial blood pressure fluctuations. If phase synchronization of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band with respiration was established at a 1:1 integer number ratio, it was maintained and resulted in consensualization of all cardiovascular–respiratory oscillations at this frequency. Simultaneous cardiovascular and respiratory oscillations at about 0.1 Hz did not affect the appearance of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band in the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal. Recent evidence suggests the emergence of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band and n/ m phase synchronization to result from nonequilibrium phase transitions operational in the network of lower brainstem neurons and associated parasympathetic neuronal effectors. These findings corroborate our notion of the 0.15-Hz rhythm band as a marker of the trophotropic mode of operation.

A randomized controlled trial of an internet-based treatment for chronic headache

Chronic headache is a significant public health problem in Western nations. Although controlled trials demonstrate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of face-to-face behavioral therapy, most headache sufferers have limited access to these treatments. Delivery of behavioral interventions using Internet technology has the potential to reach a larger number of headache sufferers and reduce the burden of disease. This randomized controlled study evaluated an Internet-delivered behavioral regimen composed of progressive relaxation, limited biofeedback with autogenic training, and stress management versus a symptom monitoring waitlist control. Treatment led to a significantly greater decrease in headache activity than symptom monitoring alone. Thirty-nine percent of treated individuals showed clinically significant improvement on self-report measures of headache symptoms at post-treatment. At two-month follow-up, 47% of participants maintained improvement. Treatment had a significant impact on general headache symptoms and headache-related disability. There was a 35% within-group reduction of medication usage among the treated subjects. The Internet program was more time-efficient than traditional clinical treatment. Treatment and follow-up dropout rates, 38.1% and 64.8%, respectively, were typical of behavioral self-help studies. This approach to self-management of headache is promising; however, several methodological and ethical challenges need to be addressed.

Complementary and alternative medicine for labor pain: A systematic review

Objectives The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature for, and critically appraise, randomized controlled trials of any type of complementary and alternative therapies for labor pain. Study design Six electronic databases were searched from their inception until July 2003. The inclusion criteria were that they were prospective, randomized controlled trials, involved healthy pregnant women at term, and contained outcome measures of labor pain. Results Our search strategy found 18 trials. Six of these did not meet our inclusion criteria. The remaining 12 trials involved acupuncture (2), biofeedback (1), hypnosis (2), intracutaneous sterile water injections (4), massage (2), and respiratory autogenic training (1). Conclusion There is insufficient evidence for the efficacy of any of the complementary and alternative therapies for labor pain, with the exception of intracutaneous sterile water injections. For all the other treatments described it is impossible to make any definitive conclusions regarding effectiveness in labor pain control.

Synergetics of hypnoid relaxation

The Autogenic Training (AT) is a well established relaxation technique and psychotherapy tool. We report the use of nonlinear routines, the Multi-scaled Time-Frequency-Distribution (mTFD) for the graphical display of vegetative rhythms, and Post-Event-Scan (PES) for the direct visual identification of coupling between physiological subsystems. Applying these methods to time series of respiration, arterial blood pressure, and cutaneous forehead blood content fluctuations in controls (n = 11) or AT-experts (ATE, n = 11) induced psychomotor drive reduction during orthostatic stress allowed the instantaneous identification of a 0.15 Hz-rhythm. This rhythm prevailed in ATE significantly longer resulting a significantly robust 1 : 1 coupling between cutaneous blood content fluctuations and respiration. Consequently, we hypothesize that the "0.15 Hz-rhythm" in the cutaneous blood content fluctuations described previously which was associated with the subjective experience of profound psychomotor relaxation reflects an order-order transition in peripheral signals of central nervous origin. Results produced with the aid of these analytic tools support the efficacy of the AT induced, synergetic relaxation response.

Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in postwar Kosovo high school students using mind–body skills groups: A pilot study

This preliminary study examined whether the practice of mind-body techniques decreases symptoms of posttraumatic stress in adolescents. Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index questionnaires were collected from 139 high school students in Kosovo who participated in a 6-week program that included meditation, biofeedback, drawings, autogenic training, guided imagery, genograms, movement, and breathing techniques. Three separate programs were held approximately 2 months apart. There was no control group. Posttraumatic stress scores significantly decreased after participation in the programs. These scores remained decreased in the 2 groups that participated in the follow-up study when compared to pretest measures. These data indicate that mind-body skills groups were effective in reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms in war-traumatized high school students.

Autogenic training reduces anxiety after coronary angioplasty: A randomized clinical trial

Objectives Autogenic training (AT) is a method of autosuggestion with some potential for reducing anxiety. This study tests whether AT lowers anxiety levels experienced by patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Methods Fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive regular AT or no such therapy as an adjunct to standard care for 5 months. The primary outcome measure was State Anxiety at 2 months. Qualitative information was generated by face-to-face interviews. Results State Anxiety showed a significant intergroup difference both at 2 and 5 months. This finding was corroborated by secondary outcome measures, for example, quality of life, and by qualitative information about patients' experiences. The results do not allow us to determine whether the observed effects are specific to AT or of a nonspecific nature. Conclusions Our results suggest that AT may have a role in reducing anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.

A Case of Psychogenic Fever treated Successfully with Tandospirone in Combination with Psychotherapy and Autogenic Training

A Case of Psychogenic Fever treated Successfully with Tandospirone in Combination with Psychotherapy and Autogenic Training

Complementary and alternative medicine for bronchial asthma: is there new evidence?

Complementary and alternative medicine is widely used in bronchial asthma. Data on efficacy of these treatment modalities are lacking. Studies published since June 2002 on complementary and alternative medicine in bronchial asthma were systematically reviewed. Studies do not support the use of homeopathy, air ionizers, manual therapy, or acupuncture for asthma. These methods bear some risks to patients related to undertreatment and side effects. There might be a possible, but so far not clearly established, role for antioxidant dietary supplementation, and some natural antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory remedies. However, their effect size compared with the classical treatment and side-effect profile is not clearly established. Strategies influencing breathing technique or perception, such as breathing or retraining exercises, need to be studied over the next few years to establish their additive role in the treatment of asthma. Breathing exercises could improve lung function and quality of life in different studies. Psychotherapy-related methods such as relaxation, hypnosis, autogenic training, speleotherapy, and biofeedback might have a small effect in selected cases, but have not proven to be superior to placebo. Nevertheless, more randomized controlled trials of good methodological quality are required to allow firm conclusions.

再発性舌炎の基礎と臨床

A type of oral lesion, so-called glossodynia has been on the increase recently. Glossodynia is a kind of psychosomatic disease in which the patient experiences chronic pain on the surface of the tongue. It has never been diagnosed as coming from organic or functional pain. Although glossodynia can be cured by antianxiety drugs, antidepressants, or autogenic training and so on, usually. These are not a desirable solution. We initially tried to administer the antifungal drug, ITCZ, to 65 glossodynia patients. Sixty-four of them were cured of tongue pain after 1-3 weeks. The effective rate of recovery was 98.5%. Only two patients experienced recurrence of pain after 15 and 17 weeks, respectively, and Candida albicans was isolated from the surface of their tongues. The nature of the recurrent strains was investigated by MICs against 4 antifungal drugs, ITCZ, MCZ, AMPH-B, and NYS, as well as by the API 20C Auxanogram biochemically, and a molecular epidemiologic study by PFGE. Each case of Candida albicans was almost the same before and after the administration of ITCZ. Above all, it is important to carefully inspect the candidiasis of the tongue and to initially administer antifungal drugs when the diagnosis is glossodynia.

Somatoform Disorder with Aerophagia : A Report of a Case of the Borderline Level : From Autogenic Training to Psychoanalytic Approach

Somatoform Disorder with Aerophagia : A Report of a Case of the Borderline Level : From Autogenic Training to Psychoanalytic Approach

2-stage group psychotherapy with integrated autogenic training within the scope of a general integrated psychotherapy concept

Group-therapy and autogenic training in combination show mutual potentiation. Our results have proved the hypothesis to be true and we have also been able to explain it by an analysis of the neurophysiological and psychological findings concerning both methods. Our "model" has proved to be very economical in time and can be easily applied. It needs basic psychotherapeutical education but no special additive schooling. It is particularly well employed in rehabilitation patients, elderly patients and geronto-rehabilitation patients. As numbers of such patients are steadily increasing, it could soon become highly important, and in the technically dominated medicine of today, the particularly communicative component that we postulate in integrated psychotherapy could also grow in importance. By combining the two methods, it is not method that is at the centre of our endeavours but the patient.

A pilot randomized trial assessing the effects of autogenic training in early stage cancer patients in relation to psychological status and immune system responses

Autogenic training (AT) is a type of meditation usually used for reducing stress. This pilot study describes how AT was used on a group of early stage cancer patients and the observed effect on stress-related behaviours and immune system responses. This was a randomized trial with 31 early stage breast cancer women, having received a lumpectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. The women were randomized into two groups. Group 1 received a home visit only. Group 2 received a home visit and 2 months’ weekly Autogenic training. At the beginning and end of the 2 monthly periods, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and T and B cell markers were measured to give an indication of changes in immune system responses and measurement of anxiety and depression. At the end of the study, HADS scores and T and B cell markers remained similar in the women who did not receive AT. The women receiving AT showed a strong statistical difference for an improvement in their HADS scores and those women observed in a meditative state as opposed to a relaxed state were found to have an increase in their immune responses. This study suggests AT as a powerful self-help therapy.

Effects of diaphragmatic breathing on ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate

Psychological procedures, such as self-hypnosis in the form of autogenic training, have been proposed for correcting a deviant, e.g., high blood pressure (BP). In view of the overwhelming evidence for the circadian (CD) stage dependence of any treatment effects, the CD stage dependence of the effects of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) on BP and heart rate (HR) was explored in data from a clinically healthy normotensive subject who, following 3 weeks of ambulatory monitoring as a reference standard, measured BP and HR with a manual monitor at 1–min intervals for 5 min before and after DB (three deep diaphragmatic breaths) and who performed DB for about 2 weeks at about 2–h intervals while awake. The 3–week data series were analyzed by cosinor, involving the least-squares fit of cosine curves with periods of 24, 12 and 168 h. A CD rhythm was detected for BP and HR ( P < 0.001 in each case), peaking in the afternoon. Some about-weekly (circaseptan; CS) BP rhythms and 12–h (circasemidian) components were also statistically significant. DB was found to reduce systolic (S) BP. Overall, SBP decreased by 5.9 ± 0.8 mmHg ( P < 0.001) and diastolic (D) BP by 1.4 ± 0.8 mmHg ( P < 0.005), while HR remained at about the same average. The effect of DB on BP was CD-dependent, the largest response occurring in the afternoon, 2–3 h before the peaks in SBP and DBP found in the reference data of the same subject. There was also a 5–10% decrease in SBP around the weekend (Friday, Saturday and Sunday). The results on a single subject suggest the need to collect similar data on others for optimizing by clock-hour, day of the week, and eventually by the marker rhythms BP and/or HR the best times for DB and other procedures. The personalized best time for people on different work/rest schedules for relaxation may be several hours before their BP has reached its highest point in the 24–h span. HR may serve as a marker for DB timing, but the effect on HR of DB was only of borderline statistical significance in the subject investigated.

Effectiveness of Autogenic Relaxation Training on Children and Adolescents With Behavioral and Emotional Problems

To investigate the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation training in a mildly disturbed outpatient population of children and adolescents with mostly internalizing symptoms, and/or some aggressive, impulsive, or attention deficit symptoms. Fifty children and adolescents from southern Germany (mean age 10.2 years; range 6-15 years; mostly intact middle class family background) participated in a group intervention program. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to a waiting-list control group. Behavior symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist), psychosomatic complaints (Giessen Complaint List), and level of stress were assessed before and after the intervention or after the waiting phase. Individual goal attainment was evaluated at the end of the intervention and in a 3-month follow-up. The parent report on CBCL reflected reduced symptoms compared with control. The child report indicated reduced stress and psychosomatic complaints both in the intervention and control group, and no significant group x time interaction effects occurred on these scales. Effect sizes of 0.49 in the CBCL and 0.36 in the complaint list indicated clinically relevant effects of the intervention compared with the control group. At the end of the intervention, 56% of the children and 55% of the parents reported partial goal attainment, 38% of the children and 30% of the parents reported complete goal attainment; 71% of the parents confirmed partial goal attainment 3 months postintervention. Autogenic relaxation training is an effective broadband method for children and adolescents.

Effects of Autogenic and Imagery Training on the Shooting Performance in Biathlon

(2003). Effects of Autogenic and Imagery Training on the Shooting Performance in Biathlon. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport: Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 337-341.

Autogenic training might help headache patients

Focus on Alternative and Complementary TherapiesVolume 8, Issue 3 p. 345-347 Autogenic training might help headache patients First published: 14 June 2010 https://doi.org/10.1211/fact.2003.00329Citations: 4Read the full textAbout ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume8, Issue3September 2003Pages 345-347 RelatedInformation

Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Japanese Association for Adolescent Psychotherapy, 16 November 2002, Tokyo, Japan

Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Japanese Association for Adolescent Psychotherapy, 16 November 2002, Tokyo, Japan