Things Authentication Research Articles

Integrated Framework for Industrial Internet of Things Authentication Leveraging Block chain, Proxy Re-encryption, and AI Techniques

The digital evolution has fostered the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its industrial counterpart, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). While IoT is used to connect everyday devices for daily use, IIoT is responsible on optimizing the industrial processes. This paper first explores blockchain-enhanced authentication mechanisms in industrial settings, highlighting their benefits, challenges, and practical applications. In response to the challenges faced, we propose a novel framework that integrates and enhances upon the leading solutions. Our proposed solution is integrated with block chain and RFID technologies, proxy re-encryption, and a block chain authentication mechanism empowered with Transfer Learning (TL). This integrated approach aims to enhance security, efficiency, and adaptability in IIoT environments. Through comprehensive analysis, the paper aims to provide in-depth review into the potential applications and future directions of blockchain-enabled authentication methods in IIoT, contributing to the advancement of secure and efficient industrial operations.

Development of an Enhanced Blockchain Mechanism for Internet of Things Authentication

Development of an Enhanced Blockchain Mechanism for Internet of Things Authentication

A review of multi-factor authentication in the Internet of Healthcare Things.

This review paper aims to evaluate existing solutions in healthcare authentication and provides an insight into the technologies incorporated in Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) applications for next-generation authentication practices. Our review has two objectives: (a) Review MFA based on the challenges, impact and solutions discussed in the literature; and (b) define the security requirements of the IoHT as an approach to adapting MFA solutions in a healthcare context. To review the existing literature, we indexed articles from the IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink databases. The search was refined to combinations of 'authentication', 'multi-factor authentication', 'Internet of Things authentication', and 'medical authentication' to ensure that the retrieved journal articles and conference papers were relevant to healthcare and Internet of Things-oriented authentication research. The concepts of MFA can be applied to healthcare where security can often be overlooked. The security requirements identified result in stronger methodologies of authentication such as hardware solutions in combination with biometric data to enhance MFA approaches. We identify the key vulnerabilities of weaker approaches to security such as password use against various cyber threats. Cyber threats and MFA solutions are categorised in this paper to facilitate readers' understanding of them in healthcare domains. We contribute to an understanding of up-to-date MFA approaches and how they can be improved for use in the IoHT. This is achieved by discussing the challenges, benefits, and limitations of current methodologies and recommendations to improve access to eHealth resources through additional layers of security.

Fakeness, Human-Object Fluidity and Ethnic Suspicion on the Kenyan Pharmaceutical Market

ABSTRACT The authenticity of things is often seen as an intrinsic characteristic – one that would depend only upon their internal properties. One way of renewing the analysis of fakeness has consisted in showing on the contrary how dependent things are upon external factors such as social and normative contexts. In addition, research has shown the fluidity that results from such an observation: fakeness is not a stable identity, as it is continuously built along social and technical interactions. This article contributes to this analysis by demonstrating how discussions over pharmaceuticals in Kenya have been shaped across time and space. It shows that from colonial history to the grip of global market forces, pharmaceutical fakeness is a recurring manifestation of the never ending circulations between the status of people and the properties of things.

A novel IoT-based health and tactical analysis model with fog computing.

In sports competitions, depending on the conditions such as excitement, stress, fatigue, etc. during the match, negative situations such as disability or loss of life may occur for players and spectators. Therefore, it is extremely important to constantly check their health. In addition, some strategic analyzes are made during the match. According to the results of these analyzes, the technical team affects the course of the match. Effects can have positive and sometimes negative results. In this article, fog computing and an Internet of Things (IoT) based architecture are proposed to produce new technical strategies and to avoid disabilities. Players and spectators are monitored with sensors such as blood pressure, body temperature, heart rate, location etc. The data obtained from the sensors are processed in the fog layer and the resulting information is sent to the devices of the technical team and club doctors. In the architecture based on fog computing and IoT, priority processes are computed with low latency. For this, a task management algorithm based on priority queue and list of fog nodes is modified in the fog layer. Authentication and data confidentiality are provided with the Federated Lightweight Authentication of Things (FLAT) method used in the proposed model. In addition, using the Software Defined Network controller based on blockchain technology ensures data integrity.

FLAT: Federated lightweight authentication for the Internet of Things

Federated Identity Management schemes (FIdMs) are of great help for traditional systems as they improve user authentication and privacy. In this paper, we claim that traditional FIdMs are mostly cumbersome and then ill-suited for IoT. As a solution to this problem, we came up with Federated Lightweight Authentication of Things (FLAT), namely a federated identity authentication protocol exclusively tailored to IoT. FLAT replaces weighty protocols and public-key cryptographic primitives used in traditional FIdMs by lighter ones, like symmetric cryptographic primitives and Implicit Certificates. Our results show that FLAT can reduce the data exchange overhead by around 31% when compared to a baseline solution. Also, the FLAT Client, the role played by an IoT device in the protocol, is more efficient than the baseline Client in terms of data exchange, storage, memory, and computation time. Our results indicate that FLAT runs efficiently, even on top of resource-constrained devices like Arduino.

Review on Security of Internet of Things Authentication Mechanism

Internet of things (IoT) is considered as a collection of heterogeneous devices, such as sensors, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) and actuators, which form a huge network, enabling non-internet components in the network to produce a better world of services, like smart home, smart city, smart transportation, and smart industries. On the other hand, security and privacy are the most important aspects of the IoT network, which includes authentication, authorization, data protection, network security, and access control. Additionally, traditional network security cannot be directly used in IoT networks due to its limitations on computational capabilities and storage capacities. Furthermore, authentication is the mainstay of the IoT network, as all components undergo an authentication process before establishing communication. Therefore, securing authentication is essential. In this paper, we have focused on IoT security particularly on their authentication mechanisms. Consequently, we highlighted enormous attacks and technical methods on the IoT authentication mechanism. Additionally, we discussed existing security verification techniques and evaluation schemes of IoT authentication. Furthermore, analysis against current existing protocols have been discussed in all parts and provided some recommendation. Finally, the aim of our study is to help the future researcher by providing security issues, open challenges and future scopes in IoT authentication.

Self-Authentication Generally: Certifications Under The Confrontation Clause; Confrontation Clause Application Summary

Self-Authentication Generally: Certifications Under The Confrontation Clause; Confrontation Clause Application Summary

AAoT: Lightweight attestation and authentication of low-resource things in IoT and CPS

With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), the need for smart embedded devices is rapidly increasing, and so does the security and privacy risk. This paper focuses on enabling both remote attestation and authentication of current commodity low-resource embedded devices to enhance security in the IoT and CPS contexts. We demonstrate a detailed design and prototype implementation of AAoT, a lightweight and practical mechanism for Attestation and Authentication of Things, that can provide software integrity, mutual authentication and tamper-proof feature for smart embedded devices. AAoT is based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs), random memory filling and software attestation without requiring any changes in existing micro-controller units (MCUs). We show how to obtain efficient implementations and optimizations for each of the building blocks of AAoT, including a PUF-based memory filling, a checksum function with block-based traversal, a pseudorandom function, a reverse fuzzy extractor and a random number generator. The prototype is implemented on a low-end MCU platform (TI MSP430) by using onboard SRAM, registers and Flash resources.

Lightweight key management scheme to enhance the security of internet of things

Trillions things of Internet of Things (IOT) or Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) employ a unique global addressing scheme to interact to each other and corporate with others to provide intelligent services. However, people may resist the IOT as long as there is no public confidence that it will not cause any serious threats to their privacy. An effective secure key management for things authentication is the prerequisite of the security operations. Studying on the characteristics of things in the IOT deeply, this paper proposes a lightweight security key management scheme for Things to Things (T2T) communication in wireless networks of IOT which are usually composed of heterogeneous sensors/actuators or smart sensor-embedded things. Eventually, we evaluate the proposed scheme on storage overhead, communication overhead, computation overhead and resilience against nodes compromise attack, respectively.

I saw the real Father Christmas! Children's everyday uses of the words real, really, and pretend

The words real, really and pretend are used in developmental research paradigms to reflect both the notions of ‘authenticity’ (in pretense‐reality and appearance‐reality research) and ‘existence’ (in fantasy‐reality research). The current study explored whether children also expressed these notions in their everyday uses of real, really, and pretend. Mothers were interviewed and kept diary records, resulting in data for a younger group of children (2‐ to 3‐year‐olds, N=80) and an older group (4‐ to 7‐year‐olds, N=101). Utterances were analysed according to different uses of the target words and the topic of conversation in which they occurred. The words real, really, and pretend were used by both the younger and older age groups predominantly to consider the authenticity of things around them. Expression of the notion of existence was less common, particularly among the younger children. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to children's performance in experimental studies, particularly those that intend to question children's understanding of the fantasy‐reality distinction.

Jikzi — a new framework for security policy, trusted publishing and electronic commerce

In this paper, we will describe a thread of research, which we have followed off and on at Cambridge for about three years. Our topic is the security of electronic documents, in the broad sense: how can we be sure of the authenticity of things that are published electronically? This started off as a relatively small project, which we thought would take only a few weeks. The goal was to help our medical informatics department publish information such as drug formularies and treatment protocols on the hospital LAN or PC diskettes, in an appropriately dependable way. It rapidly became clear that the problem was much larger and more complex; a general solution would not only cope with ‘content’ — text, audio, video, software, whatever — but also with objects such as public key certificates. If done properly, it would give us a systematic way to deal with security policy on the web. Our goal now is to let people build integrated publishing and e-commerce services using simple, uniform and appropriate mechanisms. Our proposed solution is a single transparent markup language that allows us to support multiple security policies, plus supporting material ranging from a test implementation to an authentication logic.