Augmented Game Research Articles

An Augmented Game Approach for Design and Analysis of Distributed Learning Dynamics in Multiagent Games.

In this article, an augmented game approach is proposed for the formulation and analysis of distributed learning dynamics in multiagent games. Through the design of the augmented game, the coupling structure of utility functions among all the players can be reformulated into an arbitrary undirected connected network while the Nash equilibria are preserved. In this case, any full-information game learning dynamics can be recast into a distributed form, and its convergence can be determined from the structure of the augmented game. We apply the proposed approach to generate both deterministic and stochastic distributed gradient play and obtain several negative convergent results about the distributed gradient play: 1) a Nash equilibrium is convergent under the classic gradient play, yet its corresponding augmented Nash equilibrium may be not convergent under the distributed gradient play and, on the other side, 2) a Nash equilibrium is not convergent under the classic gradient play, yet its corresponding augmented Nash equilibrium may be convergent under the distributed gradient play. In particular, we show that the variational stability structure (including monotonicity as a special case) of a game is not guaranteed to be preserved in its augmented game. These results provide a systematic methodology about how to formulate and then analyze the feasibility of distributed game learning dynamics.

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Game-Based Learning and Quality of Experience: A Novel and Secure Framework (B-AIQoE)

Game-based learning in schools and colleges, with the help of AI-enabled augmented intelligence techniques, is reported to improve children’s neurodevelopment, intellectual sensing, and specific learning abilities, according to US officials. There is currently a huge transformation from traditional assisted learning to augmented reality-enabled computer-based learning. Globally, there has been a dramatic increase in the use of game-based augmented learning in most schools and colleges. A few problems arise that create concern, such as the emerging effects of gaming on institutional premises, the disordering of children’s involvement after game-learning, the rate of learning and attendance, adaptation, and teachers’ experience. To address these individual aspects, we proposed a blockchain Ethereum-enabled, secure AI-based augmented game learning environment, called B-AIQoE, in which protected on-chain and off-chain channels are designed to handle all the transactions and exchanges among students before analysis in terms of color transition, redundancy, unethical transmission, and related vulnerabilities. On the other hand, the proposed system examines and analyzes the Quality of experience (QoE) and improves accessibility as it receives feedback from the students and teachers. For the purpose of automating game-based transactions, three different aspects are discussed, such as verifying and validating student-teacher registration, creating content for game-based learning and privacy, and updating students’ records and exchanges. Finally, this paper separates, analyzes, and discusses a list of emerging challenges and limitations and their possible solutions involved in creating the proposed system.

Morality and trust in impersonal relationships

This paper investigates the role of moral norms as a social institution in anonymous interactions in trust games. We argue that morality functions as a social norm and therefore comes with specific moral punishments and rewards. Since these moral incentives are confounded with material incentives in the trust game, an augmented version of the game is used, in which moral communication without material consequences is possible. We conduct an experiment that offers participants the opportunity to give morally relevant feedback in ten trust games with random re-matching and under anonymity. In comparison with the original trust game, we find higher levels of both trust and trustworthiness in the augmented game. We also find that these levels remain stable when moral communication is available.

Virtual and Augmented Reality in Serious Tourism Games: Opportunities, Tourist Motives, and Challenges

Using prior models regarding online consumer behavior and adoption of technological innovations the present study aims at identifying various factors that might impact on tourists’ intention to adopt mobile augmented reality gamified applications for tourism destinations and to decipher the impact of serious tourism games on tourists’ perceptions and behaviors towards a destination. Based on a literature review the present study developed a conceptual model that considers important antecedents that could impact tourists’ intention to adopt a mobile augmented reality gamified applications for a tourism destination. Moreover, tourists’ responses to usage of serious tourism games were also identified. The hypothesized model suggests that tourists’ intention to use augmented reality serious games for tourism could be influenced by environmental factors concerning the design of the application, the technical characteristics of the application as well as the features of smart mobile devices of users. Tourist characteristics related to personal traits and demographics, perceived benefits (enjoyment, ease of use and usefulness), and motivations (entertainment, knowledge, curiosity, exploration, immersion, escapism, physical activity, social interaction) were also found to be important antecedents of tourists’ intentions towards mobile augmented reality serious tourism games. Furthermore, this study shed light on the impact of tourism gamified applications on tourist behavior. Analysis of prior studies indicates that tourists’ usage of these applications can influence their perceived utilitarian and hedonic value and in turn result in increased levels of awareness, loyalty, word-of-mouth communication, and engagement of tourists with the destination. Results will help researchers test empirically the impact of the identified factors on tourists’ usage intentions and subsequent responses. Moreover, practitioners and game developers could design user centered gamified applications that enhance tourists’ satisfaction with the application and the destination as well.

Augmented Reality-Enabled Instagram Game Filters: Key to Engaging Customers

The gamification concept is rapidly grabbing attention of different sectors in the current competitive business ecosystem. Companies are amalgamating game elements to enrich customer enhancement. However, empirical studies incorporating Augmented Reality (AR) elements in the same are lacking. Therefore, main objective of this research is to inspect elements of AR, impacting the customer brand engagement in game filters of Instagram. Drawing on S-D Logic the authors aim to explore the impact of gameful experience on creating customer engagement. The capability of Customer Brand Engagement (CBE) to influence Brand Satisfaction (BS) and Brand loyalty (BL) is also explored in the study. Convenient sampling method was adopted to gather 458 responses from Gen Z in India. Responses were gathered using self-administered questionnaire. Findings of the study expand CBE literature to a new technology and refines knowledge of relationship between AR and preexisting CBE dimensions (affective, cognitive and activation), leading to BS and BL. This study has some implications for managerial decision making in creating resilient and long-term relations with customers.

GAME EDUKASI MOBILE "AKU SUKA SAYUR" BERBASIS AUGMENTED REALITY UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI

This research aims to develop a mobile based educational game application "I like vegetable" for preschoolers. The research method used in developing educational games is the research and development (RD) method adapted from Borg Gall with several stages, namely needs analysis, identification of product specifications, product development, product validation, product revision and product testing. This study involved 8 research respondents with the object of research being the mobile educational game "Aku Suka Sayur" with the Augmented Reality feature. Data was collected using a questionnaire filled out by the guardian of the respondent. This study uses descriptive analysis data analysis techniques.The final product is a mobile educational game application with the title "I Like Vegetables". Augmented Reality technology in the form of live coloring is applied in this educational game to increase children's attractiveness. The calculation results show that the feasibility score of the Augmented Reality-based educational game application developed is 93.75%, including the very feasible category. Augmented Reality technology allows interaction between applications and the environment. In other words, children do not only focus on smartphones, but also do other activities and interact with the environment.

A serious-gamification blueprint towards a\xa0normalized attention

Attention is an important commodity in the human skills set. It can be trained to overcome deficits in the short term which might be based on multiple cognitive complications to entail inability to keep focus and mined wondering. On the long term, however, it might be a symptom of chronic diseases that acquire attention to include the spectra of many mental health disorders, e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This paper, therefore, introduces a generic reference model that guides in the design of proper treatment method for patients in short of attention to engage in a game-based environment in order to enhance the behavior of their current state of attention which may hopefully lead to a better focus. When considering the volatility of traditional cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs), the model reflects and analyzes evolving serious games design directed for the treatment of ADHD. It serves as an instrument that spawn over a specific treatment design since it introduces essential components that depicts essential units of traditional CBT when they are modularly combined. The components will be introduced and the processes of the reference model will be elaborated as a roadmap for the formation and the operation of augmented reality treatment games.

Technological Aspects for Pleasant Learning: A Review of the Literature

The teaching–learning process, at each educational level, is often an open problem for educators and researchers related to the stated topic. Researchers combine emerging technologies to formulate learning tools in order to understand the abstract contents of the subjects; however, the problem still persists. A technological learning tool would be effective when projected into an educational model that looks at motivation, usability, engagement, and technological acceptability. Some of these aspects could be attributed through the use of augmented reality and games. The aim of this work is to analyze, in the literature, the trends of learning models based on computer technologies for an effective and enjoyable learning activity. The analysis of the literature in that context—emphasizing acceptability, categories, entertainment, educational models—shows that it is still not well explored.

Geometric Convergence of Gradient Play Algorithms for Distributed Nash Equilibrium Seeking

We study distributed algorithms for seeking a Nash equilibrium in a class of convex networked Nash games with strongly monotone mappings. Each player has access to her own smooth local cost function and can communicate to her neighbors in some undirected graph. To deal with fast distributed learning of Nash equilibria under such settings, we introduce a so called augmented game mapping and provide conditions under which this mapping is strongly monotone. We consider a distributed gradient play algorithm for determining a Nash equilibrium (GRANE). The algorithm involves every player performing a gradient step to minimize her own cost function while sharing and retrieving information locally among her neighbors in the network. Using the reformulation of the Nash equilibrium problem based on the strong monotone augmented game mapping, we prove the convergence of this algorithm to a Nash equilibrium with a geometric rate. Furthermore, we introduce the Nesterov type acceleration for the gradient play algorithm. We demonstrate that, similarly to the accelerated algorithms in centralized optimization and variational inequality problems, our accelerated algorithm outperforms GRANE in the convergence rate. Moreover, to relax assumptions required to guarantee the strongly monotone augmented mapping, we analyze the restricted strongly monotone property of this mapping and prove geometric convergence of the distributed gradient play under milder assumptions.

Motivations for Social Interaction: The Case of Pokémon Go After the Fad Ended

ObjectiveWe survey Pokémon Go players regarding motivations/patterns of gameplay and sociability over time to understand human interaction in augmented game settings. We disentangle effects of solo versus social and past versus current gameplay through replication of the Pokémon Go Motive Scale.MethodsWe use OLS regression to determine how motivation affects hours of gameplay, to measure changes in hours spent playing Pokémon Go, and to capture perceptions of engagement with the game over time.ResultsWe find seven motivations: exercise, fun, escapism, nostalgia, friendship maintenance, relationship initiation, and achievement. Initiating new relationships leads to increased social playing time and increased perceptions of Pokémon Go as both interesting and challenging.ConclusionIntrinsic rewards hold the most staying power as a distinct motivation for gameplay. Implications go beyond Pokemon Go gaming to shed light on the differential impact of human motivation for social interaction in games that utilize augmented reality.

증강현실 아케이드 게임에 있어서 통제 가능성과 조작 용이성이 현존감에 미치는 영향 -스택 게임과 앵그리버드 게임을 중심으로-

증강현실 시장의 폭발적인 성장 예측에도 불구하고 증강현실 게임의 대중화는 아직까지 이루어지지 않고 있다. 증강현실 시장이 활성화되기 위해서는 기술 개발 뿐만 아니라 사용자 경험의 개선과 콘텐츠의 다양화가 함께 이루어져야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구는 증강현실 아케이드 게임에 있어서 통제 가능성과 조작용이성의 사용자 경험이 현존감, 몰입도, 만족도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 실험을 통해 증명하고자 한다. 20～30대 남녀 총 139명을 대상으로 증강현실 스택 게임과 앵그리버드 게임에 관한 온라인 설문을 진행하였다. 증강현실 아케이드 게임에 있어서 통제 가능성과 조작 용이성은 현존감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 현존감은 몰입도와 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 스택 게임의 경우, 조작 용이성이 통제 가능성보다 현존감에 더 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 앵그리버드 게임의 경우 통제 가능성이 조작 용이성보다 현존감에 더 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 최근 들어 증가하고 있는 모바일 증강현실 게임의 몰입도와 만족도에 영향을 주는 사용자 경험 관련 요인을 실험을 통해 검증하였다는 데에 그 의의가 있다. 증강현실 시장의 활성화를 위해서는 단순한 기술의 개발만이 아니라, 다양한 콘텐츠에 대한 사용자 경험의 연구가 함께 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Design and Implementation of Air Selection based Augmented Reality Serious Game for Learning Capability Analysis

Rising advancements and ICT have changed the way of life of society, every single logical zone are exploiting innovation to get a genuine improvement. Specialists understand the advantages of utilizing genuine games as a dependable device in psychoanalyst. Hence, the exploration looks at important issues in regards to Dyspraxia issue in youngsters and presents a similar report in the treatments strategies by utilizing a non autonomous riddle and by utilizing the game, a Serious Game created in the intension of helping kids suffering from Dyspraxia to enhance their engine aptitudes and deftness through innovation. The investigation of information results indicated that exist a critical distinction among the two strategies, demonstrating that youngsters spending time with Serious Game got little schedule in the movement running and furthermore enhanced execution.

The concrete zoetrope: engaging students in pre-cinema with an eye towards the future

ABSTRACT Today’s students and practitioners of media have a growing and ever-changing number of options and technologies for applying design principles. From mobile devices to virtual reality, digital platforms and modes of production have changed the marketplace and continue to challenge both students and teachers alike to become adaptive learners and flexible thinkers. The ubiquity of digital screens and mediated space has, to some degree, rendered the formal elements of moving images less visible, if not invisible, and yet, designing to these underlying principles has driven the development of new technologies in cinema, virtual and augmented reality, social media, journalism, and games for centuries. Therefore, it may be useful to re-examine these underlying principles and formal elements of the moving image with students to gain a better understanding of the perceptual conditions whereby such experiences can be understood and crafted into new technologies and platforms. This article examines the formal elements of the moving image with an eye towards teaching practices and the development of future applications by tracing the experiments and discoveries of scientists, philosophers, artists, and thinkers throughout history who have endeavoured to discover and advance moving image technologies. By excavating early animation and cinematic devices such as the zoetrope and praxinoscope and examining their roots in physiology, medicine and mathematics as well as entertainment, students can develop a broader understanding of the current states of existing and emerging technologies, envision new applications for the movement-illusion, and re-establish an understanding of animation and the moving image as a fundamentally interdisciplinary endeavour.

Geometric convergence of distributed gradient play in games with unconstrained action sets

We provide a distributed algorithm to learn a Nash equilibrium in a class of non-cooperative games with strongly monotone mappings and unconstrained action sets. Each player has access to her own smooth local cost function and can communicate to her neighbors in some undirected graph. We consider a distributed communication-based gradient algorithm. For this procedure, we prove geometric convergence to a Nash equilibrium. In contrast to our previous works Tatarenko et al. (2018); Tatarenko et al. (2019), where the proposed algorithms required two parameters to be set up and the analysis was based on a so called augmented game mapping, the procedure in this work corresponds to a standard distributed gradient play and, thus, only one constant step size parameter needs to be chosen appropriately to guarantee fast convergence to a game solution. Moreover, we provide a rigorous comparison between the convergence rate of the proposed distributed gradient play and the rate of the GRANE algorithm presented in Tatarenko et al. (2019). It allows us to demonstrate that the distributed gradient play outperforms the GRANE in terms of convergence speed.

착용형 디스플레이 기반 손동작 추적 기술을 활용한 원격 증강현실 보드게임 개발

최근 증강현실(Augmented Reality; AR) 기술 기반으로 하는 많은 연구 및 개발이 세계적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 하지만 5G 이동통신망 상용화로 인해 더욱더 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있는 시점에서 아직 증강현실 기반 게임 콘텐츠에 관한 기획 설계 및 게임개발은 다소 미흡하다. 본 논문에서는 최근 연구 동향을 반영한 증강현실 기술과 안경형 디바이스(Head Mounted Display; HMD)를 사용하여 가상의 객체를 현실에 증강하는 원격 AR 보드게임을 제시한다. 특히, 원격의 플레이어를 P2P 형태의 네트워크로 연결하고 원격의 사용자가 아바타를 통하여 현실 공간으로 소환되며, 마우스나 키보드와 같은 기존의 컴퓨터 입력 장치 없이 맨손 기반 자연스러운 인터페이스를 이용하여 실시간으로 게임을 진행한다. 원격 AR 보드게임은 공간에 구애받지 않는 장점뿐 아니라 사용자에게 게임 조작의 편의성, 재미, 그리고 높은 몰입감을 제공한다. 본 논문에서 소개하는 증강 현실 기술과 이를 응용한 게임 디자인은 다양한 게임 콘텐츠 개발에 기여할 수 있는 하나의 사례가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

User involvement in virtual and augmented technologies and games for rehabilitation and learning: ICDVRAT-ITAG special issue

User involvement in virtual and augmented technologies and games for rehabilitation and learning: ICDVRAT-ITAG special issue

An in-depth analysis of the interaction transitions in a collaborative Augmented Reality-based mathematic game

ABSTRACTCollaborative learning has long been proved to be a crucial agent for enhancing students’ social skills, problem-solving abilities and individual learning performance. Understanding how students move from one phase to another in their collaboration process can inform educators of how best to facilitate such learning. However, this is still an area needing more vigorous research. This study explores the process of students’ co-construction of knowledge in a digital game-based learning environment using a sequential analysis approach, with the aim to identify the significant features of students’ interactional transitions that would potentially lead to better learning. To achieve this aim, we designed a collaborative learning environment in which 24 sixth graders worked in 6 groups to compete in an Augmented Reality-based mathematic game that we designed. The results from the analysis of their interaction show that phases of interaction in a digital game-based learning environment transited differently in many ways from those in online text-based forums, and that task types, modalities, participant characteristics and learning goals all played a crucial role in determining how learners co-constructed knowledge.

A Development of Augmented Reality Simulation Game Using Hololens

A Development of Augmented Reality Simulation Game Using Hololens

Construction of Subgame-Perfect Mixed-Strategy Equilibria in Repeated Games

This paper examines how to construct subgame-perfect mixed-strategy equilibria in discounted repeated games with perfect monitoring. We introduce a relatively simple class of strategy profiles that are easy to compute and may give rise to a large set of equilibrium payoffs. These sets are called self-supporting sets, since the set itself provides the continuation payoffs that are required to support the equilibrium strategies. Moreover, the corresponding strategies are simple as the players face the same augmented game on each round but they play different mixed actions after each realized pure-action profile. We find that certain payoffs can be obtained in equilibrium with much lower discount factor values compared to pure strategies. The theory and the concepts are illustrated in 2 × 2 games.

Where to catch ‘em all? – a geographic analysis of Pokémon Go locations

In 2016, Niantic Labs released Pokémon Go, an augmented reality smartphone game that attracted millions of users worldwide. This game allows users to “catch” Pokémons through their mobile cameras in different geographic locations that often correspond to prominent places. This paper analyzes the distribution of PokéStops, Pokémon gyms, and spawnpoints in selected urban areas of South Florida and Boston. It identifies which socioeconomic variables and land-use categories affect the density of PokéStops, and how PokéStops and gyms cluster relative to each other. Using nearest neighbor analysis, this paper assesses also how actual PokéStop locations are reflected in Yelp’s “PokéStop nearby” attribute. Results show that black and Hispanic neighborhoods are disadvantaged when it comes to crowd-sourced data coverage, that PokéStops occur more frequently in commercial, recreational and touristic sites and around universities, and that PokéStops tend to cluster around gyms. The latter suggests that these point sets were generated by a similar location selection process. To mitigate geographically linked biases, future versions of augmented reality and geo-games should aim to make them equally accessible in all areas, for example by placing extra resources, such as points of interest, in neighborhoods that are currently underrepresented in data coverage.