Audiovisual Techniques Research Articles

Os diferentes usos do vídeo no cuidado à saúde materno-infantil

This paper aims to describe and analyze the different ways to use image - photography, film or video - already used by clinicians and researchers as research tools in the child mental health. The theme proved to be appropriate, given the increasing use of audiovisual techniques in experimental research and the different proposals for mental health care for children. The analysis to be developed here starts from psychoanalytic studies' vertex and from the establishment of four major categories that have marked the use of moving image in that field. They are: video as a vehicle of choice for termination of the effects of early separation during the Second World War, the use of videos in experimental research with the aim of producing scientific knowledge (primatology, specific protocols, development), production and use of video as part of a diagnostic or therapeutic intervention, and the rescue of family films as background material for the diagnosis and treatment of children / adults with serious mental disorders.

Using ICTs to Explore Moroccan Women’s Ideas about Their Emancipation

This research note presents the results of a feasibility study on how the use of audiovisual and information and communication technology (ICT) tools can help Moroccan women express their understanding of the concept of “emancipation,” and thereby promote wider democratic processes. The study uses a participatory approach with audiovisual tools and techniques to facilitate self-expression by women of different age cohorts, levels of literacy, and economic and social status about what it means to be a Muslim, a Moroccan, and a twenty-first century woman. The use of ICTs has helped women to learn how to represent complex concepts such as emancipation in ways that are more authentic than those given through portraits in the existing literature and media. In addition, the women show a remarkable and respectful capacity to listen to each other and an excitement for having discovered the ability to visualize electronic outcomes of their image collections and drawings. A supportive learning environment helps them articulate their problem with confidence. The research note concludes that in a situation where existing institutions do not provide the space for self-expression, debate, and learning about democracy, social media becomes an important tool for an inductive process of women’s emancipation, starting from the diversity of cultural meanings held by specific groups to respectful dialogues among them.

Content analysis of food advertising in Turkish television

Television (TV) viewing has been implicated in children's weight gain. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive content analysis of TV food advertising in Turkey. TV advertisements (ads) in the four most popular national free to air Turkish TV channels, were assessed on two weekdays and two weekend days at four time periods of the day; 0800-1200,1200-1600,1600-2000 and 2000-2400 h for each TV channel (64 h assessed for each TV channel), making a total of 256 h. Each ad was analysed for food and drink content, duration and audiovisual properties. There were 8853 TV ads and 2848 of these were related to food (32.1%). A majority of food ads included high-calorie, high-fat, high-sugar food and drink rather than core/healthy foods (81%). Chocolate and chocolate bars were the most frequently advertised food/drink product, followed by cakes, coffee, tea, candies, gum, fast food, chips, juices/carbonated beverages, margarine and ice-cream formed the highest rate of food products advertised in decreasing order. Thirty per cent of all obesogenic/unhealthy ads targeted childhood by using audiovisual techniques. The proportion of total advertisements which were for food or drink, and the proportion of food advertisements that were for unhealthy foods were both much higher at the weekend (33% vs. 30% and 84% vs. 78%, respectively). The time period between 1600 and 2000 h was the most concentrated time slot (33%) for food advertising. This study provides data for the first time on the high levels of obesogenic food advertising on Turkish TV. This should alarm policy-makers to set limits on food advertising targeted towards children especially in countries like Turkey in which childhood obesity is emerging as an important public health issue.

Coleção de imagens: o cinema documentário na perspectiva da Escola Nova, entre os anos de 1920 e 1930

Entre os anos de 1920 e 1930, propostas foram formuladas por parte dos educadores da Escola Nova, com o objetivo de implantar um cinema educativo no Brasil. Atentos aos problemas sociais presentes naquele momento, elegeram a educação como um dispositivo de transformação da sociedade brasileira. Para isso, os mais diversos recursos pedagógicos e técnicas audiovisuais foram pensados, entre eles, o filme documentário. Baseados no que já se fazia em países como a França e os Estados Unidos, teceram várias considerações a respeito das possíveis contribuições do cinema documentário para a educação. Pretendemos, neste artigo, discutir as concepções presentes entre os educadores da Escola Nova com relação ao vínculo entre cinema documentário e educação.

Medicines and the body: what is it consumers think and know about medicines - the impact of field information.

There is poor knowledge about how medicines act in the body. Information made by defined rules, can improve such bad knowledge. In a primary care setting, the result of an intervention campaign by written and audiovisual techniques about pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and about how medicines work in the body, was assessed through a validated questionnaire for self fulfilment, in anonymity, to be returned by mail, three weeks after the end of the information period, in April 2008. A non-probabilistic population was studied and results compared to the ones previous to the intervention period. A total of 272 (34,9% proportion) was received back in period one and of 424 (54,4% proportion) in the second period. In 184 (44,1%) of the questionnaires there is accordance to having had contact with the means of the intervention. There are better results after intervention for Medicines only correct what is wrong in the body and I know how medicines work in the body with significance and, with no significance for Medicines are integrated in the body after they have been ingested and After integrated medicines are treated to be eliminated. We found worst results after intervention but with no significance for Medicines can only make me feel better. Communication strategies in a non paternalistic model of practice are important if made in accordance to correct audio-visual or written techniques. As main conclusions we found that knowledge about pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and how medicines work in the body can be increased by well designed medical information campaigns.

Innovación Educativa en la Enseñanza de la Electrónica

Some of the common teaching-learning methods used in electronic courses are discussed and analyzed. Discussion is centered on the efficiency of the methods used to transmit concepts to the students. The main advantages and disadvantages of audiovisual techniques (images, photographs, sound, video and animation), computer applications, and laboratory experiments, are discussed. The article proposes a method which includes these three techniques and is applied to the assembling of an electronic circuit. It is concluded that with videos and animations, besides making attractive applications to motivate students, one can show processes that would be impossible to show using static images only.

Vídeos didácticos de física y química

The spectacular development of audiovisual techniques in the last few years has provided a wealth of pedagogical resources which are clearly underexploited. The aim of this work was to improve this situation by making available resources known to teachers. For this purpose we compiled a catalogue of video tapes and films of use in teaching Physics and Chemistry to university students. The catalogue is available in two formats: as a printed list and as an easy- to -use computer -retrievable hypertext.

Expanding knowledge: from the classroom into cyberspace

This paper is part of a larger project in the area of research. The main purpose of this mediated discourse was to implement, observe and analyse experiences of teachers in a training project developed for two different settings in the classroom. The first was between international classrooms through cyberspace and the second was a cyberspace forum. We carried out these experiences with beginning teachers in training during semester‐long courses on ‘audiovisual communication techniques’. The data analysed in these two projects indicated that the integration of ICT (information and communication technologies) had a great impact on student teachers’ abilities to improve their pedagogical, individual, social and technological skills in order to build effective teaching tools and materials through the use of ICT. The positive outcomes of the project were: (1) teachers conceived the information in a multimodal format through the integration of linear and nonlinear formats of information in their pedagogical training; (2) teachers underwent significant learning because they were put in the position of hypermedia product builders; (3) teachers acquired information/tools not only to search but also to build and analyse digital discourses; (4) teachers conducted research emphasizing various points of view. Elargir le Savoir: de la classe au cyberspace Cet article faisait partie d’un projet plus vaste dans le domaine de la recherche sur la finalité du Discours Médiatique. Il s’agissait de mettre en place, d’observer et d’analyser les expériences de professeurs dans le cadre d’un projet de formation mis au point pour deux configurations de classes différentes. Dans la première il s’agissait de relier des classes internationales à travers le cyberespace et la seconde était un forum dans le cyberespace. Nous avons mené ces expériences avec des professeurs débutants en formation, dans le cadre de cours semestriels portant sur «Les Techniques de Communication Audiovisuelle». Les données analysées dans ces deux projets ont montré que l’intégration des TIC (Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication) influençait fortement les capacités des futurs professeurs à améliorer leurs compétences pédagogiques, individuelles, sociales et technologiques pour construire des outils et des matériaux d’enseignement efficaces avec l’aide des TIC. Les résultats positifs de ce projet ont été les suivants: (1) Les enseignants ont conçu l’information en forme multimodale et ce, en intégrant des formats d’information linéaires et non‐linéaires dans leur formation pédagogique; (2) Les enseignants ont acquis des connaissances significatives parcequ’ils/elles ont été placés dans la position de constructeurs de produits hypermedia ; (3) Les enseignants ont maîtrisé des outils d’information non seulement pour rechercher mais aussi pour construire et analyser les discours numériques ; (4) Les enseignants ont conduit leur recherche en mettant l’accent sur différents points de vue. Wissensausbreitung: Vom Klassenzimmer in den Cyberspace Dieses Papier war Teil eines größeren Forschungsprojekts. Der Hauptzweck dieses Diskurses war,Erfahrungen von Lehrern eines Übungsprojekts zu implementieren, beobachten und zu analysieren, das für zwei unterschiedliche Gegebenheiten im Klassenraum entwickelt worden war. Der erste war zwischen internationalen Klassen durch das Cyberspace und das zweite war ein Cyberspace‐Forum. Durchgeführt wurden diese mit Lehreranfängern im Rahmen eines ein‐semestrigen Kurses “Audiovisuel Communication Techniques”. Die Analyse der in diesen beiden Projekten gewonnenen Daten zeigten, dass die Integration von ICT einen großen Einfluss auf die Fähigkeiten der Studentenlehrer hat, ihre pädagogischen, individuellen, sozialen und technischen Kenntnisse weiterzuentwickeln, um effektive Lehrwerkzeuge und –materialien durch den Einsatz von ICT zu entwickeln. Die positiven Ergebnisse des Projekts waren: (1) Lehrer ersannen sich die Information in einem multimodalen Format durch das Integrieren von linearen und nicht‐linearen Formaten der Information in ihrer pädagogischen Ausbildung; (2) Lehrer unterzogen sich signifikanten Lernsituationen, weil sie in die Position von Hypermedia‐Produkt Bauunternehmern gestellt wurden; (3) Lehrer erwarben Information/Werkzeuge, nicht nur um digitale Diskurse zu suchen und zu analysieren, sondern auch um digitale Diskurse zu bauen und zu analysieren; (4) Lehrer führten Forschung durch, die verschiedene Ansätze umfasste.

Versteckte Poetik: Literatur im Film

Robert Altman’s film Gosford Park is easily underestimated. The ironic commentary on the English class system and the parody of murder mystery patterns are all too obvious. It is only through repeated viewing that references to one of the founding texts of western culture become visible. With these references, Altman and screen writer Julian Fellowes achieve not only a new interpretation of the sophocleian drama Oedipus Rex, but Altman uses his characteristic audio-visual techniques to, at once, quote and modernise structural elements of Greek tragedies. The film therefore subtly illustrates the lasting influence of ancient artforms.

Using Instructional Games: A Teaching Strategy for Increasing Student Participation and Retention

SUMMARYTeaching occupational therapy intervention with sexual expression issues in the physically disabled population can be a challenging matter. Students are often uncomfortable with the subject matter, and this deters asking questions and becoming involved in the content to the extent of understanding the subject. Standard classroom approaches can be an ineffective match for teaching subjects requiring self-examination of attitudes. Rather than utilizing standard lecture or audiovisual techniques to engage students in knowledge transfer, this article describes an innovative game designed to help students explore their views on sexuality and learn about issues related to sexual expression for persons with physical disabilities. The rationale for such an activity is presented, as well as an overview of the game, rules, and procedures. Sample game items are included to give the reader a clearer idea of the game's content and focus. Student responses to the game are included.

Do diário de campo à câmera na mão ou de como virar antropólogo cineasta

This article discusses the use of audio-visual techniques in social researches, referring to a comparative research about the role of publics spaces in Paris and Rio de Janeiro regared to the elders sociability. The aim of this study is to deepen the investigation in the field of urban anthropology as adding to its methodology the instrurnents of visual anthropology. Vídeo is used along side with interviews, opening up to the possibility of repeating images, with allows new questions, corrections, modifications anel inclusions based upon suggestions of the filmed people. Such feedback method has been important for the study os spontaneous sociability manifestations, as it allows the understanding of the simbolic construction of a pertaining territory and above all the representation of personal identity, particularly of the elders

Use, don't lose, the wind Presidential address

Use, don't lose, the wind Presidential address

Computer generated slides: a need to curb our enthusiasm

The popular use of computer generated slides for presentations during plastic surgery scientific meetings has opened a fresh chapter in audiovisual techniques. Although the profusion of colours seen during presentations is a visual treat, the information imparted by these slides leaves much to be desired and raises the question of whether such attractive and apparently professionally made slides are visual aids during such presentations. Presentation slides are displayed for a very short time (10–15 seconds) as compared to slides displayed during a lecture and therefore these presentation slides should have the ability to impart their information very quickly. We conducted a study wherein 36 slides, each having a different colour combination, were displayed to a class of third year medical students who were asked to judge the efficacy of each slide. The attractiveness, clarity and recall of each slide was graded by every student and, with the information obtained, the most effective format and colour combinations to be used while making slides for presentations were established. We conclude that the best format for slides is a plain dark coloured background (blue, purple or green) and a separate, contrasting plain dark coloured title text background (red, green or purple), with white letters for the text and yellow letters for the title.

Impact of Pharmacist Interventions on Medication Management by the Elderly: A Review of the Literature

To review the impact of pharmacist interventions designed to assist older people in managing their medication regimens. A computer search of literature published between 1975 and 1990 was conducted using MEDLINE. References were also identified from the bibliographies of pertinent articles. Studies included in the review were those evaluating pharmacist interventions that were designed to assist in medication management by people over 65 years of age. Only nine studies were identified by these criteria. Interventions that have not been evaluated are discussed briefly. The studies included were chosen by consensus of the authors. A data extraction form was used to summarize the information in each study. This was a qualitative review. Some studies evaluating the effects of short verbal medication counseling episodes showed positive benefits; others showed no benefit. Written medication information, some memory devices, and audiovisual techniques have also been found to be of limited use. Self-medication programs for hospitalized elderly people need to be evaluated. This review identified the lack of published evaluations of pharmacist interventions in medication management by elderly people. Well-designed studies need to be performed to determine the effects of individualized advice and counseling. The cost-effectiveness of such interventions should be assessed, with consideration of long-term outcomes, such as readmission rates to the hospital and cost savings accruing from increased duration of independent living.

The Erosion of the Tarbut Ivrit Ideology in America and the Consequences for the Teaching of Hebrew in the University

50 SHOFAR THE EROSION OF THE TARBUT IVRIT IDEOLOGY IN AMERICA AND THE CONSEQUENCES FOR THE TEACHING OF HEBREW IN THE UNIVERSITY1 Alan Mintz Alan Mintz is Robert H. Smith Professor of Hebrew Literature at the University of Maryland. He is the author most recently of "'Banished from Their Father's Table": Loss ofFaith and Hebrew Autobiography and coeditor ofProoftexts. Two unprecedented events took place at a conference on Hebrew in America which recently took place at the University of Maryland. First is the matter of rationale. Usually, when the university teaching of Hebrew is discussed , the issues center on pedagogy, classroom strategies, audiovisual techniques , measuring competence, attracting students, and so forth. Yet here the cultural and ideological questions that underlie the teaching of Hebrew were articulated: What is the purpose of teaching Hebrew? What justifies our immense investment in the attempt to transmit a knowledge of Hebrew? Second is the matter of context. The context for the conference deliberations was not Israeli spoken Hebrew or Israeli literature or even Jewish Studies in general ; rather it was the cultural history of American and Canadian Jewry. The focus was on the role played by Hebrew in American Jewish life in the past and the role it might yet play in the future. When an enterprise is going well and set upon a secure foundation, it does not always make sense to ask fundamental questions about first principles . But the situation in our profession, in my view, does not permit this kind of complacency. The current rationale, or if you will, the raison d'etre for the teaching of Hebrew in the university-I shall shortly try to describe its features-does not rest upon a secure foundation but is rather in a fragile and vulnerable state. It is admittedly not an easy task to get at these underlying principles, analyze their meaning, and assess their utility. 1A version of this paper was delivered at the Annual Meeting on University Teaching of Hebrew Language and Literature, National Association of Professors of Hebrew, at Yeshiva University in June 1990. Volume 9, No.3 Spring 1991 51 Such self-consciousness might be thought by some to be a kind of luxury in the present institutional realities in which most of us work. On the one hand, we are compelled to maintain a continuous public relations campaign within both the university and the Jewish community in order to secure the resources necessary to sustain our programs. On the other hand, we seek to respond to the needs of the students and the various motivations that lead them to devote a portion of their studies to Hebrew. Caught between the apologetics directed to our patrons and the services directed to our young consumers, we find it very difficult to clarifY what it is we want and what the objectives are in the teaching of Hebrew that are of pressing concern to us. Yet ultimately it is we who must find it within us to clarifY these issues. Who is the "we" I am speaking of? It is those who are professionally involved with the teaching of Hebrew at all levels of the educational system -not just in the university. It is no hollow piety to point out that in the end it is we who are entrusted with keeping lit the flame of Hebrew in America. It follows that it is our responsibility to determine significant issues of policy regarding Hebrew. This of course must be done with as much selfawareness as possible and on the basis of what we feel is important and right rather than as merely a response to the constraints and pressures that impinge upon us from many sides. Now to the heart of the matter. The model or paradigm that has conditioned the teaching of Hebrew since the 19605 is the attachment to Israel. This is a commonplace, but one which needs to be articulated. There exists a very close overlap between this time frame and the period during which Jewish Studies programs made their great strides in America. To be sure, the argument for introducing Hebrew into the university often appealed to the distinguished lineage of Hebrew as a classical...

Audiovisual techniques in dental photography

Audiovisual techniques in dental photography

From Numbers to Pictures: The Computer as an Educational and Artistic Tool

The author describes the recent research activities of the LACTAMME laboratory in the field of audiovisual communication. He outlines both the applications and capabilities of the SMC system, a system that combines data processing with audiovisual techniques. After examining how the computer can be used as a new (meta-) tool for artistic creation, he notes certain practical considerations.

The equitable life assurance society program

There is increasing interest in biofeedback and self-regulatory approaches to health enhancement. The movement has not gone unnoticed by business and industry. At this point, there are adequate data to demonstrate the effectiveness of different forms of stress management intervention. Using the experience of the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States as an example, an individualized stress management training program utilizing biofeedback is described. The effects of this intervention on employee performance, health behavior, and cognitions are examined. A cost-benefit analysis of the program suggests that, for each dollar invested, there is a $5.52 return. A group program, employing audio-visual techniques for employees at risk, is also described. Suggestions are given for maximizing program effectiveness and success.

Changing patterns of psychiatry specialty certification in the English- speaking countries

Specialty certification is not a static process but is developing and changing. The author reviews traditional and current patterns of examinations given in English-speaking countries and reports recent concerns and criticisms of the certification process. New developments in the United States include the audiovisual examination, changes in the neurology examination, and institution of examiner training. In Canada there is a heavy emphasis on improving multiple-choice questions and using examiner training. The United Kingdom is experimenting with audiovisual techniques. Australasia is increasing the length of its training programs. Recent research by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology includes concordance studies, the relationship between residency training and Board performance, and feedback techniques.

A videotape technique for measuring clinical skills: three years of experience.

This paper presents three years of positive experience in using audiovisual technique to evaluate the ability of medical students to observe psychopathology after a psychobiology system course in the second year. The validity of this technique was reported in an earlier article. The technique has students complete the Lorr Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) after they see a videotape of an interview with a psychiatric patient. A consensus of psychiatric preceptors is used as a standard of accuracy. Performance on this audiovisual examination is not related to other measures in the course, namely the multiple choice examination, essay, or preceptor evaluation of the individual students during clinical days, nor to other performance in the first two years of medical school. The author recommends the use of standardized objective audiovisual techniques to measure performance in those portions of medical education that include clinical teaching.