Caregiver Attitudes Research Articles

Caregiver Accompaniment in Pediatric Critical Care Transport: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Family-centered care is a critical component of critical care interfacility and medical retrieval transport (MRT) services. These services provide a critical bridge for a physiologically and psychologically unique population often best served in specialized, tertiary centers. Caregivers often wish to accompany patients during MRT. However, there is currently little research on the impact of caregiver accompaniment on MRT. The aim of the study is to determine: 1) What are caregiver attitudes to accompanied and unaccompanied MRT? 2) What are healthcare provider attitudes to caregiver presence? 3) What are patient attitudes to caregiver presence? and 4) Are there differences in patient outcome depending on caregiver presence? Data sources are MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL. Studies with a focus on patient, caregiver, or family-oriented care practices in MRT. Reviewed articles were not restricted unless they discussed neonatal transport, palliative transport, were non-English, or were conference proceedings. We screened 1373 articles, with 45 full-text articles reviewed. After removal of duplicates and abstract-only results, 25 articles remained. Three additional articles were found in references of reviewed articles. Articles generally supported caregiver presence on MRT, with caregivers and providers in agreement. However, for many services, space was a limiting factor controlling when caregivers could travel. There is a paucity of literature on this topic, and studies were entirely from English-speaking countries. Caregivers and healthcare providers largely prefer caregiver accompaniment on MRT services. There is little data on patient perspectives and transport-related adverse events affecting patient outcomes.

Public Knowledge and Attitude of Caregivers Regarding Leftover Medications for Children under 6 Years of Age in Japan: A Descriptive Study on a Nationwide Exploratory Questionnaire Survey to Caregivers.

Leftover medications are a global concern for harm to health and inadequate medical care costs. However, information on leftover medicines and their inappropriate use in children in Japan is lacking. We aimed to clarify the proportion of leftover and re-use of children's medications in Japan. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey using eight web-based domains, which covered parents' demographics, children's demographics, actual practices in handling about leftover (1) acute medication, (2) chronic medication, (3) short-term medicine, (4) antibiotic, and (5) topical medication, and attitudes towards leftover medicine. The questionnaire comprised 40 questions. We obtained responses from 3046 caregivers with children aged under 6 years before elementary school. Among these participants, 95% (2674/2809), 57% (147/256), and 69% (1687/2457) had experience with leftover acute medication use, medication for chronic disease, and short-term medication use, respectively. Instances of leftover antibiotics being given to the child's brother/sister, parents, and child's friends were 8.7, 7.9, and 3.2%, respectively. This trend was similar to other medication categories. In conclusion, most caregivers have experienced leftover medications; however, managing leftover medications depends on their beliefs and is influenced by inadequate knowledge about medications. Most of these cases lead to inadequate use of medications in children. Medical staff, especially pharmacists, need to educate and instruct caregivers on the appropriate use of children's medications.

Fathers' engagement in a parenting program primarily intended for female caregivers: An early qualitative process evaluation in Western Kenya.

Parenting programs predominantly target one caregiver of the child or most commonly the child's mother. However, fathers are also important caregivers whose engagement in interventions can benefit child health, nutrition, and development. In August 2023, a qualitative process evaluation was conducted during the first quarter of implementation to assess initial fidelity, quality, and outcomes of a parenting program in rural Western Kenya. In-depth interviews were conducted with female and male caregivers along with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with program delivery agents. This secondary analysis specifically focused on stakeholders' perceptions of father involvement in the program and aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to fathers' participation, initial program impacts when fathers were involved, and recommendations for increasing father inclusion. Thematic content analysis was conducted, and data were triangulated across stakeholder groups. Overall, relatively few fathers participated in the program. Nevertheless, for the rare cases of participating fathers, stakeholders highlighted positive changes in fathers' caregiving attitudes and practices. Key barriers to fathers' program engagement included restrictive gender norms and perceived opportunity costs. Stakeholders suggested several strategies for better reaching fathers, including providing financial incentives and flexible scheduling of sessions. Overall, we found that fathers' participation and program experiences were starkly different from those of mothers. Gender-responsive program adaptations and father-targeted implementation strategies are likely to increase the fathers' engagement in parenting programs, which in turn may facilitate greater program impacts on family caregiving and child outcomes. Future evaluations of parenting programs should combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to more comprehensively assess program impacts on fathers and over time.

Characterizing caregiver attitudes to optimize pediatric vehicular heatstroke campaigns

Objective Since 1998; approximately 1,000 US children have died due to pediatric vehicular heatstroke (PVH; i.e., children overheating in vehicles). As the frequency of cases have largely remained unchanged over time, there is a need for novel research that can inform effective PVH prevention efforts, such as awareness campaigns. The objective of this project was to characterize caregivers’ opinions about existing PVH campaigns and thoughts about what future campaigns should look like. Methods We conducted 4 virtual focus groups (16 participants total). Groups discussed broad childhood injury topics, as well as PVH. Groups also viewed existing communication campaigns for a variety of injury topics and provided their perspectives on what future campaigns focused on PVH should contain. All focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Two independent coders reviewed and coded transcripts, which were developed and applied using a directed-content approach. We then created code summaries, which were used to develop themes. Results Themes were: (1) PVH differs from other injuries, (2) Campaigns should be short, educational, practical, and include diverse populations/subjects, and (3) Campaigns should be placed where caregivers are with their children. Caregivers acknowledged they were misinformed about their PVH risk; providing them with real-world statistics changed their views about if they should adopt preventative actions. Participants voiced communicating this risk to caregivers with actions they can take to reduce their risk in future campaigns is important to promote widespread adoption of preventative measures. Conclusions Based on results, we recommend future campaigns consider the IDEA framework when developing novel PVH campaigns.

Caregiver Attitudes and Youth Suicidality: Implications for Involving Caregivers in Outpatient Crisis Care for Adolescents

Caregiver Attitudes and Youth Suicidality: Implications for Involving Caregivers in Outpatient Crisis Care for Adolescents

Refining the Choosing Health Infant feeding for Infant Health intervention and implementation strategy: Re-CHErIsH Study Protocol

Background Childhood obesity is a significant global public health challenge, with significant adverse effects on both mental and physical health outcomes. During the period from birth to one-year, modifiable caregiver behaviours, such as what, how and when infants are fed, can influence obesity development and prevention. The Choosing Healthy Eating for Infant Health (CHErIsH) intervention was developed to support healthy infant feeding practices to prevent childhood obesity in the first year. A feasibility study examined acceptability and feasibility of the CHErIsH intervention in primary care and identified key challenges and possible areas for refinement of the intervention and trial processes. The current project aims to refine delivery of the CHErIsH intervention and trial processes to maximise the likelihood of successful future implementation and evaluation. Methods This study will utilise a mixed-methods approach and will be conducted in three phases. In Phase 1 potential refinements to the CHErIsH intervention delivery and trial processes will be developed from a review of the feasibility study findings and input from the multidisciplinary team. An online mixed-methods survey will be conducted in Phase 2 to evaluate caregiver attitudes about the proposed refinements from Phase 1. Participants will be pregnant women, their partners, and/or parents/primary caregivers of infants up to 2-years of age, based in Ireland. Participants will be recruited using convenience and snowball sampling. In Phase 3 a stakeholder consensus meeting, using the nominal group technique, will be conducted to agree the refined intervention and trial processes. Stakeholders will include healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and parents/caregivers, who will discuss and rate refinements in terms of preference. Conclusions Findings from this study will address uncertainties in the intervention delivery and trial processes of the CHErIsH intervention, with the potential to maximise the likelihood of successful future implementation and evaluation of a primary-care based obesity prevention intervention.

"I was very scared when I found out my son had sickle cell": Caregiver knowledge and attitudes toward early intervention for young children with sickle cell disease: Implications for policy and practice from a multi-site study.

This study characterized caregivers' beliefs related to early intervention services for children with sickle cell disease (SCD) to gain an indepth understanding of caregivers' experiences and desires for early intervention services. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from caregivers of children aged 0-4years with SCD across two sites in the United States. Caregivers completed the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory, a custom survey about their experiences with early intervention, and a qualitative interview. A total of 127 caregivers were approached, 47 participated in surveys, and 20 completed interviews. Caregivers expressed varying levels of confidence and understanding of developmental milestones across sites. Interviews highlighted three main themes: fear of SCD-related complications, variable buy-in to early intervention, and the importance of provider-caregiver relationships. While some caregivers appreciated early intervention, others questioned its necessity. Caregivers communicated interest in connecting with other families facing similar challenges, emphasizing the need for increased awareness of available resources. Fear about their child's well-being was expressed by many caregivers, emphasizing the need for a supportive healthcare team that can help families connect with preventive interventions. While about a quarter of children had been referred to rehabilitation services, caregivers were unaware of the elevated risk for developmental delay, which diminished caregiver interest in participating in programs like early intervention. This study underscores the importance of addressing knowledge gaps and overcoming barriers to enhance care for families affected by SCD.

Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude of Asthmatic Patients and Their Caregivers Regarding the Disease Using an Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chennai.

Introduction Asthma, a significant non-communicable disease impacting all age groups, leads to productivity loss, particularly affecting children and causing disruption within families. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of asthmatic patients and caregivers through questionnaires, focusing on available treatment options. Aims and objectives The study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of asthmatic patients and caregivers at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Objectives included evaluating asthma knowledge using a questionnaire and assessing attitudes towards the disease and available treatment options. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study, conducted at the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, focused on bronchial asthma patients and their caregivers in the Outpatient Department (OPD) from May 2021 to November 2022. The study included 150 participants selected randomly based on sample size calculations. Data, collected through a proforma, included demographic variables. Participants' knowledge and attitudes toward asthma were assessed using the Asthma Knowledge and Asthma Attitude questionnaires. Exclusion criteria comprised patients with a history of tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, recent hemoptysis, or evidence of infective exacerbation. Results and discussion Among 150 participants, 44% were females and 56% were males. Asthma knowledge was present in 62.1% of females and 79.8% of males, while 37.9% of females and 20.2% of males lacked understanding. High prevalence rates of breathlessness (89.4% females, 90.5% males), wheezing (92.4% females, 81% males), and cough (77.3% females, 75% males) were noted. The knowledge questionnaire revealed a mean score of 4 out of 8, indicating a moderate understanding with significant gaps. Many lacked knowledge about affected sites, harbored misconceptions about pet contact, and dust exposure, and were uninformed about triggers, symptoms, and treatment. Lack of awareness regarding weather-related exacerbations, smoking effects, and medication purposes was evident. Reluctance towards long-term inhaler use underscored the necessity for comprehensive asthma education among patients and caregivers. Attitude questionnaire scores varied: 17 scored 16, 37 scored 18, 24 scored 19, 35 scored 21, 20 scored 24, and 17 scored 26, averaging 20.6, reflecting generally positive attitudes. The attitude questionnaire, with six questions, highlighted attitudes toward asthma. However, stigma around asthma affecting normal lives (77.3%), fear of lifelong medication use (84%), and embarrassment over public inhaler use (74%) highlighted areas for attitude improvement to enhance therapy compliance and patient outcomes. Conclusion Our study highlights concerns among asthma patients and caregivers, particularly those with limited education, regarding treatment side effects. Issues include apprehensions about inhaler therapy's addictive potential, insufficient awareness of asthma triggers, improper inhaler techniques, reluctance towards long-term inhaler use, and embarrassment over public use of inhalers contributing to the study's complexities.

Initial development of the Sugar-Sweetened Fruit Drink Questionnaire for examining beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors in an intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened fruit drink intake in Alaska Native children.

Alaska Native children may be at increased risk for dental caries because of added sugar intake from sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. This study describes development of a questionnaire to (a) assess Alaska Native caregivers' beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sugar-sweetened fruit drinks, and (b) describe behavior changes within a community-based intervention. Questionnaire development was conducted in three phases with Yup'ik Alaska Native caregivers in Southwest Alaska: (1) initial selection and adaptation of questionnaire items; (2) cognitive testing; and (3) data collection. The Sugar-Sweetened Fruit Drink Questionnaire (SFDQ) contains 31 culturally-tailored items across six areas: beliefs/values, environment/skills, knowledge, motivation, self-efficacy, and behaviors. Eighty-one percent of caregivers gave their children sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. Motivations included: what they grew up with (52%), few other options (46%), makes child happy (46%), healthier than soda (45%), and others in community drink them (42%). On average, 93% of caregivers believed drinking a lot of sugar-sweetened fruit drinks leads to cavities in children and caregivers agreed (mean 4.1 on 5-point scale, 5 = strongly agree) it is important to limit sugar-sweetened fruit drinks. Among a sub-sample of respondents (n = 20), we found low to moderate temporal stability in some SFDQ items over a 10-14 day period, indicating respondent ambivalence and/or uncertainty. Using community-based participatory research methods, we developed a culturally tailored exploratory questionnaire that will be used to describe changes in caregiver knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior within a planned intervention to reduce sugar-sweetened fruit drink intake in Alaska Native children.

Caregiver burden and eating-related guilt during dysphagia rehabilitation: A descriptive cross-sectional time series study.

Caregivers of patients with chronic dysphasia experience stress and guilt regarding their eating behaviors. Dysphagia rehabilitation, including minimal oral intake with tube feeding, may be vital for caregivers. This study investigated the effects of dysphagia rehabilitation on caregiver well-being and attitudes toward eating assistance. This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted at two dental university hospitals on caregivers of homebound patients with dysphagia undergoing rehabilitation. Caregivers' experiences, with an emphasis on guilt and psychological status, were assessed using the Apathy Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-5 Depression Scale. Patients were evaluated at the time of the survey and rehabilitation commencement using the Barthel Index and Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS). Changes in FOIS scores and caregiver guilt were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and McNemar test, respectively. The impact of oral intake changes on caregiving motivation was assessed using the Fisher exact test. Between August 2019 and January 2021, 55 of 100 targeted caregivers responded (median age=64.5 years). A significant difference in FOIS scores was found (median rehabilitation duration=9.7 months). Despite 25 pneumonia cases, 65% of the caregivers continued to encourage oral intake. Guilt decreased from 48% during peak dysphagia to 22% at survey time (odds ratio=0.2, 95% CI=0.04-0.70; P < 0.01). No association was found between caregiving motivation and improved oral intake. Severe dysphagia impacted caregiver well-being, indicating preferences for patients' oral intake. To support caregivers, healthcare professionals should explore and integrate new multidisciplinary approaches into dysphagia rehabilitation strategies.

Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Intestinal Parasite Prevention in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Masaka Sector, Kigali, Rwanda

Caregivers' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Intestinal Parasite Prevention in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Masaka Sector, Kigali, Rwanda

Deaf role-models for Deaf children in hearing families: a scoping review.

The use of Deaf role-models (DRMs) with Deaf children born into hearing families is a practice aimed at improving outcomes for Deaf children, yet there is little peer-reviewed research available to influence future direction of such. This scoping review directs attention to available research on DRMs as a socio-linguistic and cultural viewpoint for balancing a predominantly audiological approach for early intervention for Deaf children. Systematic database searches initially yielded 132 records, of which seven articles were included in this scoping review. Findings are presented as five themes: 'Deaf Gain' and associated cultural capital, effective communication, developmental influences, family (or caregiver) attitudes to Deafness, and administration of DRM programs. Few formalized DRM programs were identified within the literature. The review concludes with recommendations for further exploration of the DRM experiences of Deaf people and their families within Australia.

Assessment of the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and social caregivers in relation to falls among elderly patients in healthcare settings in a Hungarian county

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses and social caregivers in relation to falls among elderly patients.Materials/MethodsA total of 442 nurses and social caregivers working in acute or chronic care settings participated in our study. Data were gathered on the participants' general characteristics, the characteristics of their workplace, and their levels of knowledge in relation to risk factors and types of falls. Our questionnaire also included a survey of attitudes towards fall prevention. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS software.ResultsOur results showed a significant correlation between the participants' level of knowledge and age, level of professional education, workplace localisation, form and type of care, risk evaluation scale score, and the existence of a healthcare protocol at the workplace. Participants demonstrated a positive attitude towards fall prevention: the mean value for attitude was 48.03 out of 65 points. Participants who experienced a lower number of falls among elderly patients at their workplace demonstrated a significantly more positive attitude to prevention compared to those experiencing falls more frequently.ConclusionsIn our professional opinion, trainings focusing on fall prevention are required. In addition to knowledge transfer, these should emphasise the formation of attitudes, especially in the context of chronic healthcare, among professionals working in institutions in smaller towns.

Addressing childhood malnutrition in low-income communities in northern Nigeria

Background: Childhood malnutrition is a critical public health issue in Northern Nigeria, significantly affecting the survival, development, and growth of children. This project in Kano State aimed to combat the high malnutrition rates in low-income communities. Factors contributing to malnutrition include food insecurity, poverty, and limited access to healthcare, compounded by cultural norms. This initiative required collaboration with various stakeholders, including government health departments, NGOs, and community leaders, to effectively address the root causes and promote health equity. Methods and Materials: A comprehensive needs assessment and literature review were conducted to identify nutrition-related issues and knowledge gaps among caregivers. Partnerships with local organizations facilitated resource sharing and program implementation. Baseline surveys assessed caregivers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding childhood nutrition. The intervention included a nutrition education program, a long-term food supplementation initiative, and capacity-building for healthcare providers. Pilot testing and observational studies were used to refine the program and gather data on malnutrition patterns and trends. Results: The intervention significantly improved caregivers' knowledge and practices related to child nutrition. There was a 30% increase in caregivers' nutrition knowledge and a 40% increase in appropriate nutrition practices from baseline to post-intervention. Caregivers' attitudes towards nutrition also improved, with a 25% increase in positive attitudes. The program effectively addressed malnutrition by enhancing knowledge about essential nutrition concepts, promoting exclusive breastfeeding, and improving complementary feeding practices and hygiene. Conclusion: The results highlight the necessity of a multifaceted approach to reduce childhood malnutrition in Northern Nigeria. Successful strategies included community-based initiatives, caregiver support, and targeted nutrition education. Addressing underlying causes such as poverty and food insecurity is crucial for sustainable progress. Future efforts should focus on scaling the program, engaging healthcare providers, and advocating for policy changes to ensure long-term child nutrition and health improvements.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of caregivers with children diagnosed with epilepsy attending a pediatric outpatient clinic: a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BackgroundCaregivers’ knowledge and attitudes influence help-seeking behavior and treatment decisions of patients with epilepsy, which in turn significantly impacts epilepsy care. In Ethiopia, epilepsy is often misunderstood, associated with misconceptions and accompanied by persistent negative attitudes. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of caregivers of children with epilepsy.MethodsWe conducted a hospital-based survey at the Yekatit 12 Hospital Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between May and July 2022. We invited caregivers of children with epilepsy taking one or more daily anti-seizure medications to participate. Caregivers were invited to complete a structured questionnaire with guidance from a trained nurse to estimate knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy and its treatment. Knowledge and attitudes were categorized as “good” and “favorable” (correct answers to ≥ 50% of questions) or “bad” and “unfavorable” (< 50% correct answers), respectively. Attitudes towards standard care versus non-standard (e.g., spiritual) care were also estimated.ResultsA total of 120 caregivers completed the questionnaire. Many caregivers were familiar with the term ‘epilepsy’, with more than half (51.7%) having heard or read about it previously. The reported causes of epilepsy varied, with birth injury being the most common cause (44 out of 120 caregivers). Notably, there was association between the caregiver’s gender and their knowledge score, with a p-value = 0.05. Caregivers exposed to information about epilepsy through hearing or reading demonstrated significantly higher levels of knowledge, with a p-value < 0.001. Additionally, knowing someone with epilepsy other than the index child was significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (p-value < 0.001). The study also revealed negative attitudes toward epilepsy: for example, 56.7% of surveyed caregivers believed it is unlikely that a child with epilepsy has normal cognitive abilities and 39.1% believed they should never be allowed to attend regular school. Additionally, a high proportion of caregivers (70%) sought alternative treatments (e.g., spiritual help) alongside standard medical care.ConclusionsA significant knowledge gap was identified among caregivers, revealing prevalent misconceptions and negative attitudes. Improving epilepsy awareness, attitudes, and practices among caregivers will potentially contribute to overall improved quality of life for children with epilepsy.

A Study of the Knowledge, Attitude, Practices, and Burden of Full-time Family Caregivers in the Care of Older Adults in Bengaluru, India

Abstract Background: Globally, the aging population is expanding rapidly, impacting every aspect of the society. In developing nations like India, where family members primarily serve as caregivers for older adults, inadequate knowledge about their complex needs increases caregiver burden. The topic of caregiving has been extensively studied worldwide, mainly focused on the negative aspects of caregiving. The present study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice, and burden of family caregivers providing care to older adults at homes in South India. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational study, which was conducted using a questionnaire-based approach. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used, and a total of 56 family caregivers participated, who were caregivers to the patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in South India. Data Collection: A prevalidated questionnaire from previous studies was used to explore the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of caregivers of older patients.Caregiver burden was measured using Zarit Burden Interview. Results: The data were analyzed using SPSS v21. Caregiver burden was found to be high among those who cohabited with the patient (P &lt; 0.05). Sons/daughters and grandchildren had a better grasp about the medical conditions of older people, P &lt; 0.05. Attitude toward caring for older adults was strongly positive irrespective of the age category. Conclusion: Our study revealed that caregivers’ knowledge on the medical needs of the older population was inadequate. This study could pave the way for developing hospital policies, as well as planning action research, training, and counseling programs to strengthen family caregiver capacity and promote active and healthy aging.

Factors Influencing the Design of Labor Rooms

To examine the environmental aspects in labor and delivery rooms (LDRs) in Saudi Arabia according to mothers’ points of view, especially with the recent increased numbers of C-section deliveries. The study is based on a survey questionnaire, open-ended questions analysis and comparison between the findings in two samples. Mothers who experienced labor and delivery in Saudi hospitals during the last 5 years participated in the study. The questionnaire was distributed via email and text messages to participating mothers, and 236 questionnaires were completed by participants. Based on analysis of the qualitative data, several factors were highlighted including Psychological aspects (39.74%), Caregiver attitude (15.89%), Space Layout and Furniture arrangement (12.58%). Importantly, from the quantitative analysis, the study finds that during COVID-19, compared to Pre-COVID-19 period there was an increase in mothers’ perceptions of the importance of the labor environment. The needs of mothers in Saudi were similar to those in the UK sample, except for these aspects that were important to Saudi women but not to those in the UK: spiritual support, psychological support, and policies. Therefore, designing labor and delivery settings should consider these cultural differences.

Development and its reliability and validity of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Scale for Informal Caregivers of Pressure Injury Patients.

There is a lack of scientifically validated tools to measure the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of informal caregivers for patients with pressure injury (PI). This study aims to develop a KAP Scale for Informal Caregivers of PI Patients and to evaluate its reliability and validity. Based on the KAP theory framework and relevant literature, an initial pool of items was created through expert brainstorming sessions. The initial scale was formed after a Delphi expert consultation and a preliminary survey. From April to October 2023, a convenient sample of informal caregivers for PI patients was recruited from an inpatient department of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, as well as its associated community and nursing homes. The first round included 186 participants, and the second round included 213 participants, who were used for item analysis and reliability and validity testing. After a 3-week interval, 20 participants from the initial group were randomly selected for a retest to assess the test-retest reliability of the scale. The KAP Scale for informal caregivers of PI patients consists of 3 dimensions with 19 items. The overall internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of the scale was 0.916. The item-level content validity index (I-CVI) ranged from 0.826 to 1.000, and the scale level-content validity index/average (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.94. Exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 common factors, accounting for 64.643% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit the data well, with χ2/df=2.54, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.085, comparative fit index (CFI)=0.920, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR)=0.059. The KAP scale for informal caregivers of PI patients demonstrates good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the KAP levels of informal caregivers regarding PI.

Psychosocial Care Needs of Elderly: Development of Psychoeducational Program

This research explores the shared perspectives of elderly Cabuyeños regarding their psychosocial care needs and caregiving attitudes. Employing a qualitative approach with self-developed semi-structured interviews within the paradigm of constructionism, themes emerge, including familial care needs, recreational preferences, social interactions, religious care needs, governmental support, consistency preferences, caregiver characteristics, and treatment preferences. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity for a targeted psychoeducational program tailored to the diverse needs identified. The thematic analysis underscores the significance of family support, diverse recreational activities, social interactions, spiritual engagement, government assistance, and preferences for caregiver characteristics and treatment. This proactive solution is vital for addressing physical health challenges and economic hardships, empowering both elderly individuals and caregivers. The proposed program holds promise in providing a holistic approach to psychosocial care, enhancing the quality of life for the elderly in Cabuyao during their later years.

Caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards the daily oral care of bedridden patients in Chiang Rai, Thailand

Caregivers' knowledge, attitudes and behaviour towards the daily oral care of bedridden patients in Chiang Rai, Thailand