Atti Research Articles

Mutilazioni genitali femminili: la lotta dell’Europa contro una silenziosa violenza

SOMMARIO: 1. Le pratiche di manipolazioni degli organi genitali femminili - 2. Procedura esercutiva e conseguenze degli atti di alterazione dei caratteri sessuali delle donne - 3. Radici socio-culturali delle pratiche di MGF - 4. Fattore religioso e atti modificativi dei genitali femminili - 5. Le strategie di prevenzione e di contrasto delle MGF nell’Unione europea - 6. Politiche legislative nella lotta contro le MGF - 7. Conclusioni. Denied identities. Female genital mutilation: the fight of Europe against a silent violence ABSTRACT: FGM refers to rituals of manipulation female genitalia and other procedures against female genital organs for non-medical reasons. Usually the practice is carried out on young girls, from childhood to teenagers. These rituals are carried out for cultural, religious and social reasons in the mistaken belief that they will produce a benefit to the girl (to safeguard her virginity, to prepare for marriage, etc.). No religious text prescribes the practice, but is rooted in the culture and beliefs of the communities that practice it. However some religious communities practice the FGM. Rituals do not help the health of the girl subjected, but they can lead to serious health complications or even to death of victim. So FGM is recognised a form of child abuse and a violation of women’s human rights. The EU is committed to eliminating FGM through strategic actions and legislative measures, but mainly changes in attitudes and beliefs among relevant communities are important to ensure FGM is abandoned. It is also important to fight FGM with direct involvement of the religious and political leaders of the communities where the rituals are diffuse. European States are called to cooperate with each other with strategic internal and external actions.

Resistance integrons; A Mini review.

Integrons are a segment of dsDNA that play a major role in bacterial adaptation and evolution. These genetic determinants are known by the presence of three necessary apparatuses: an integrase (intI gene), Pc (a promoter) and attI (a recombination site). These elements are able to acquire gene cassettes, which can carry antibiotic resistance factors, by site-specific recombination mechanism. The most common types of resistance integrons are class I (Tn402 derivatives), followed by class II and III. In recent years, the role of integrons as an important factor in the transmission and spread of resistance factors has been considered. Therefore, the ongoing threats posed by integrons require an understanding of their origins and evolutionary history. This review examines the functions and activities of integrons. It shows how antibiotics use selected particular integrons from the environmental pool, so that integrons carrying resistance genes are now present in the majority of Gram-negative pathogens.

Scriversi di storia e di diplomatica comunali. Le lettere di Pietro Torelli e di Cesare Manaresi ad Angelo Mazzi

Graduated at the University of Padua (under the supervision of Giuseppe De Leva and Andrea Gloria), archivist, librarian, and then Director of Civic Library “Angelo Mai” of Bergamo for about a period of thirty years (1898-1925), Angelo Mazzi is not only the most important and prolific local historian. His epistolario, rich of correspondence with some of the main Italian medievalists active between 19 th and 20 th century (Cipolla, Novati, Schiaparelli, Volpe, just to mention the greatest ones), gives evidence for a very large consideration and prestige, that Mazzi gained thanks to his extraordinary knowledge and criticism of Bergamo’s written sources. Close analysis of legal documents and narrative works are not confined, in any event, to a mere philological field, but, especially for communal studies, they turn out to be broader historical frameworks with lots of original interpretations that are still valid and appreciated. It’s just on Mazzi’s profile as historian of communes that this paper is mainly focused, though without any pretension of examining in detail his best known books and his historiographical significance: it will be his figure of rigorous reviewer and hard-working erudite to hold the stage, instead, together with some of his typical ways of reading the documentary sources as they result from a little, thematically consistent dossier of letters that have been here edited and analyzed. Dated back to the period of composition and first reception of the Studi di diplomatica comunale and of the Atti del comune di Milano , these letters show well how Mazzi was interested in the branch of research inaugurated by Pietro Torelli and usefully continued by Cesare Manaresi. There again, though aged at that time, Mazzi himself supported a little survey on Bergamo communal notaries in 13 th century: at the close of the paper, we’ll briefly talk about values and limits of that initiative, focusing on the general cultural reasons and the material conditionings that, during the second decade of the 20 th century and for many years more, blocked any further developments of Torelli’s legacy.

Attitude control system combined with attitude controllable intelligent capsule endoscope for stomach examination

Objective To evaluate the applicable value of attitude control system combined with at- titude controllable intelligent capsule endoscope for stomach examination. Methods A total of 15 patients were recruited to the study. Manipulability of movement and posture change of capsule endoscope, diagnostic efficacy for such locations as gastric cavity, bulb and descending duodenum, image quality and patients＇ compliance were assessed. Results The procedure was completed in 14 patients. One failed due to downfall of the endoscope to duodenum within 5 min. Mean operation time was （23.7 ± 6. 5 ） min （from 5 to 30 min）. Ten cases of superficial gastritis, one case of superficial gastritis with bile regurgitation and 1 case of ulceration of the duodenal bulb were diagnosed. No abnormalities were found in 3 others. Endoscopic ima- ges were of high quality and only a few were influenced by gastrointestinal peristalsis. All patients showed compliance with no discomfort. Capsule endoscopes were discharged within 2 or 3 days. Conclusion Atti- tude control system combined with attitude controllable intelligent capsule endoscope in stomach examination is feasible and valuable in clinic. Key words: Capsule endoscopes; Attitude control; Non invasive; Stomach examination

Amurru between atti, Assyria, and A iyawa. Discussing a recent hypothesis

Amurru between atti, Assyria, and A iyawa. Discussing a recent hypothesis

THE BARGONASCO - UPPER VAL GRAVEGLIA OPHIOLITIC SUCCESSION, NORTHERN APENNINES, ITALY

The Northern Apennines ophiolitic successions pertain to the Ligurian orogenic units, which were thrust onto the Adria continental margin (Tuscan and Umbrian Units) and show two different types of stratigraphic settings (Fig. 1) (Abbate et al., 1980): a- as “oceanic basement” of the Vara Supergroup, one of the higher units of the tectonic pile (“Internal Ligurides”); b- as olistoliths of variable sizes, accompanied by ophiolitic breccias, included in the Upper Cretaceous - Eocene terrigenous successions of the “External Ligurides” tectonic units. The Val Graveglia-Bargonasco area represented in the map, is located in eastern Liguria, on the northwesternmost side of the Northern Apennine, where most and more complete ophiolitic sequences of type a- crop out (the “Mt. Porcile Unit, Fig. 1). They consist of mantle peridotites (from clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites to harzburgites) and gabbros, which form the “oceanic basement”, metamorphosed and tectonically denudated before the volcano-sedimentary cover (ophiolitic breccias, basalts, cherts, carbonate and carbonate- shaly pelagites, and finally siliciclastic turbidites) was deposited. The tectonic scheme (Fig. 1, partially modified from the “schema tettonico” of the geologic map) shows that the Porcile Unit, object of our study, includes seven subunits separated by minor thrusts, i.e., from west to east, Mt. Domenico, M. Bianco, Rio Gromolo, Mt. Ciazze, M. Bocco, Rivo Orti, Mt. Tregin Subunits. The stratigraphic successions of all the Subunits pertain to the Vara Supergroup (see the stratigraphic Scheme on the geologic map). This short note summarises a more extensive one, about the geologic evolution of this same area, which will be published in the Atti Ticinensi di Scienze della Terra, Pavia, Italy, 2004. We decided to write this short summary to advertise the map of this key area for understanding the geology of the Northern Apennine ophiolites.

The Atti and its Policies: 1904–1914

The Atti and its Policies: 1904–1914

Presence and Distribution of Reducing Substances in Nerve Substance. (Atti Accad. Lincei, vol. xxii, pp. 359–65, 1935.) Mitolo, M.

Presence and Distribution of Reducing Substances in Nerve Substance. (Atti Accad. Lincei, vol. xxii, pp. 359–65, 1935.) Mitolo, M.

EMBIA MINUTA, Costa

I am indebted to Sc. E. Bergroth, Helsingforz, for knowledge of this species. Prof. A. Costa has published, Atti della R. Accad. Sc. fisiche, etc., vol. vii., 1878, Napoli No. 2, the account of his journey through Egypt and Palestine. He was (p. 11) very interested to find, Feb. 17, after Assouan, at Kom-Ombos, on irrigated and humid grounds, a very small (long. corp. 5 millim.) species of Embia, for which he proposes the name E. minuta. As far as I know, nothing more has been given about this insect, and we will have to wait till Prof. A. costa will publish its description.