Atopic Diseases Research Articles

Occurrence of Eosinophilic Granulocytes in the Decidua of Placentas With Perinatal Clinical Findings.

Inflammatory and immunologic homeostasis in the basal plate of the placenta is essential for the fetal development and growth, since the fetus immunologically constitutes a semi-allograft. Bone marrow derived eosinophilic granulocytes are usually not found in the basal plate. We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of eosinophilic granulocytes in the basal plate of singleton placentas and investigated clinical and pathologic-anatomic associations. In 5 singleton placentas (0.3% of all investigated cases from the archive) eosinophilic granulocytes were detectable. All these cases also displayed chronic deciduitis. Two cases had a clinical history of substitution therapy with methadone, in 2 instances the mothers had a history of atopic diseases, and 1 mother had a SARS-CoV-2-infection during pregnancy. The infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes in the decidua is a rare feature of placentas with perinatal clinical findings. Strikingly, all 5 affected cases also presented with chronic deciduitis. This may hint at a contribution of the eosinophilic infiltrate to a non-infectious pathologic inflammatory process with an increased risk for perinatal complications.

Pimecrolimus Efficacy and Safety in Management of Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases. Early management of AD is crucial for preventing the development of atopic disease such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc. Topical glucocorticoids (TGCs) are used as first-line therapy, however, their long-term use poses the risk for patient's health. Despite the rapid clinical response at skin process aggravation, long-term use of TGCs in first-line therapy is associated with various adverse events, including: skin atrophy, hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis suppression, telangiectasis, etc. All together it limits the long-term TGCs use, especially in management of pediatric patients and using such drugs in sensitive regions such as face and intertriginous areas. Due to these limitations TGCs should only be used for a short period of time. Thus, limitations in both treatment duration and number of drugs make TGCs non-optimal for long-term AD treatment. Pimecrolimus (1% cream) is a topical calcineurin inhibitor that is indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate AD. Pimecrolimus does not cause any significant side effects compared to TGCs and it is well tolerated for long-term administration.

Participation in Daily Activities of Children with Atopic Diseases and Its Relation to Their Sensory Modulation Difficulties

(1) Background: Participation in daily activities is critical for a child’s health, development and wellbeing and is considered a main outcome measure of intervention efficiency. Atopic diseases affect children’s daily life and routines but the knowledge about impacts on participation is limited. (2) Objectives: a. to profile the preference to participate in daily activities of children with atopic diseases as compared to healthy controls; b. to profile sensory modulation difficulties (SMD) in each atopic group; c. to examine whether SMD correlate with activity preference. (3) Methods: This cross-section and correlative study included 253 children aged 4–11: 37 with Asthma, 37 with atopic dermatitis (AD), and 31 with Rhinitis. The controls were 148 healthy children. All children completed the Preference for Activities of Children (PAC) while their parents completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). (4) Results: Children with atopic diseases showed significantly lower preference to participate in activities than healthy controls and preferred quiet activities that can be performed alone. Within the atopic groups, children with AD, and specifically girls, had the highest activity preference while boys with Asthma had the lowest preference. SMD was significantly more prevalent in children with atopic diseases and correlated with their reduced preference to participate in activities. (5) Conclusions: Atopic diseases may restrict children’s participation. Clinicians should evaluate participation of children with atopic diseases and examine whether comorbidities as SMD affect participation. Understanding the implications on children’s daily life may improve intervention efficiency and elevate development and wellbeing.

Experimental models of antibiotic exposure and atopic disease.

In addition to numerous clinical studies, research using experimental models have contributed extensive evidence to the link between antibiotic exposure and atopic disease. A number of mouse models of allergy have been developed and used to uncover the specific effects of various microbiota members and perturbations on allergy development. Studies in mice that lack microbes entirely have also demonstrated the various components of the immune system that require microbial exposure. The importance of the early-life period and the mechanisms by which atopy "protective" species identified in human cohorts promote immune development have been elucidated in mice. Finally, non-animal models involving human-derived cells shed light on specific effects of bacteria on human epithelial and immune responses. When considered alongside clinical cohort studies, experimental model systems have provided crucial evidence for the link between the neonatal gut microbiota and allergic disease, immensely supporting the stewardship of antibiotic administration in infants. The following review aims to describe the range of experimental models used for studying factors that affect the relationship between the gut microbiota and allergic disease and summarize key findings that have come from research in animal and in vitro models.

The results of vaccination against novel coronavirus infection in adolescents with allergic diseases

Novel coronavirus infection requires analyzing its course in patients with allergic diseases. Patients with atopic allergic diseases remain insufficiently studied with regard to the peculiarities of the course of both the underlying allergic disease and infectious processes caused by viruses and bacteria. Epithelial cells in bronchial asthma do not respond sufficiently to interferons, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection may suppress spontaneous upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme expression, which ultimately reduces disease severity, but at the same time makes patients with allergic atopic diseases susceptible to other viral infections. The results obtained indicate statistically significant differences in the formation of anti-RBD IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 between the group of adolescents with bronchial asthma vaccinated against a new coronavirus infection and those not vaccinated against it. During the follow-up period after 6 months, a statistically significant increase in anti-RBD IgG titer to SARS-CoV-2 due to novel coronavirus infection was observed among the unimmunized children. Clinical parameters indicated a favorable course of atopic process and control of bronchial asthma exacerbations in adolescents who received vaccination against both new coronavirus infection and influenza, while those who did not receive vaccination against these viral infections had bronchial asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infection. Also among patients with bronchial asthma who received influenza vaccination, there were no cases of influenza A and bronchial asthma exacerbations due to respiratory infections. In this regard, influenza vaccination is an important intervention to maintain control of asthma exacerbations. It is noteworthy that no new coronavirus infection was reported among vaccinated adolescents within a year after immunization. At the same time, 6 months after vaccination against a new coronavirus infection, we observed a statistically significant increase in antibody levels in unvaccinated adolescents, indicating the presence of high viral neutralizing activity. Vaccination against novel coronavirus infection in patients with bronchial asthma may be considered a possibility.

Rank correlation between atopic comorbidity and laboratory parameters in allergic rhinitis

One of the current cutting-edge problems in allergy and ENT is the study of comorbidity in allergic rhinitis, which is the most common atopic disease among all other atopies. Two decades ago, a new endotype of the disease, local allergic rhinitis, was discovered. In the past, some patients with typical complaints of chronic nasal congestion, persistent runny nose, and other similar symptoms, did not display such characteristic diagnostic criteria as positive allergy skin tests and an increased value of serum total IgE and specific IgE antibodies. They were qualified by allergists and ENT specialists as individualists with non-allergic rhinitis and, accordingly, did not receive adequate treatment. However, their symptoms remained, prompting them to abuse decongestants and resulting in an increased burden on the cardiovascular system. This, along with the burden of concomitant pathology, including other atopies, can be considered a significant medical and social problem. With the purpose to study rank correlation between comorbidity and three laboratory biomarkers, 46 patients with allergic rhinitis were examined. The list of parameters included two routine items such as serum total IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein, and rarely studied IL-4 in skin exudate. Clinical analysis showed that significantly more often allergic rhinitis in patients was combined with bronchial asthma (in 39.1%, p 0.05), less often with food allergy (in 19.6%), atopic dermatitis (in 10.9%), insect allergy (in 8.7%), and allergic urticaria (in 4.5%). In one case, local perennial rhinitis was identified, accompanied by conventional seasonal rhinitis with a high content of serum total IgE and positive allergic skin tests with pollen allergens. Skin tests with household allergens, including house dust mite products, showed a negative result. This case was regarded as a manifestation of the so-called “double” allergic rhinitis. The Spearman correlation demonstrated a negative mean strength relationship between comorbidity and serum IgE and eosinophilic cationic protein (p 0.05). The seemingly paradoxical result can be interpreted quite logically, taking into account immunopathogenetic mechanisms of allergic inflammation. In particular, with an increase in the frequency of atopic comorbidity, the migration of eosinophils from the blood to sites of eosinophilic inflammation increases.

The role of physical activity, diet, and stress management in maternal and infant health during pregnancy

Introduction and aim of the study: During pregnancy, significant physiological, hormonal and circulatory changes occur that affect both the health of the mother and the child. Therefore, it is important for the mother to maintain physical activity, a healthy diet, and reduce stress to prevent complications and health problems for the mother and the child. Material and Methods: The Pubmed database was searched. The criteria for qualifying the article for the review were the following keywords: pregnancy, exercise, rehabilitation, nutrition during pregnancy, postpartum depression, atopy, stress, asthma. 30 articles from 2002-2023 were analyzed. Description of the state of knowledge: Regular physical activity during pregnancy brings many benefits such as reducing the risk of complications during childbirth, postpartum depression and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Diet also has an impact on the health of both mother and baby. It should be balanced, providing the necessary nutrients and taking into account the mother's caloric needs. It is very important to reduce stress due to its negative impact on the mother and child. Summary: Physical activity and a healthy diet directly affect the course of pregnancy and the health of the fetus and baby. Exercise prevents pregnancy complications and other diseases, and maternal nutritional status is critical for fetal growth. During pregnancy, women are exposed to stress, which can be the cause of chronic mental disorders. Depression is the most common mental illness that occurs during pregnancy, which is influenced by various factors. In addition, maternal stress has a negative impact on the child's health, potentially increasing the risk of a number of atopic and non-atopic diseases.

Atopic disease and inflammatory bowel disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Observational studies have reported associations between atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, atopic dermatitis (AD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the causal relationship remains unknown. We utilized pooled data from genome-wide association studies, qualified instrumental variables were screened according to the 3 hypotheses of MR, and bidirectional causality between atopic diseases and IBD was assessed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis (2SMR). The results of our study suggest that AR increased the risk of Crohn disease (CD) (IVW OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02-1.39, P = .026), ulcerative colitis (UC) (IVW OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.29, P = .031) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.03-1.28, P = .015); Asthma increased the risk of CD (IVW OR = 7.66, 95% CI = 1.58-37.20, P = .012), UC (IVW OR = 3.81, 95% CI = 1.09-13.32, P = .036) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 5.13, 95% CI = 1.48-17.70, P = .010); AD increased the risk of CD (IVW OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.02-1.39, P = .023) and overall IBD (IVW OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.03-1.28, P = .015) risk. In reverse causality, only CD increased the risk of AR (IVW OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00-1.05, P = .031). This study shows that atopic diseases of AR and asthma are causally related to IBD and its subtypes, and AD is causally related to IBD (which may be attributed to CD). Of the reverse causality, only CD was causally related to AR.

First episode depression during the perinatal period is associated with atopic diseases and persistently increased eosinophil and basophil levels.

A previous diagnosis of depression is a strong predictor for perinatal depression, apart from other mental disorders, stress, and atopies. It is less clear which factors interfere if perinatal depression occurs as a first depression episode (fePND). We examined the associations with atopies and related blood parameters using data of CoLaus|PsyCoLaus. Newly occurring depression during the perinatal period but not recurrent depression was associated with a lifetime diagnosis of allergies and asthma together with persistently increased levels of basophils and eosinophils. The results imply that immune function may play a relevant role in the risk of a fePND. If confirmed and detailed, these findings could serve as the basis for designing preliminary prevention strategies by observing eosinophil and basophil levels as well as symptoms of atopic diseases before/during pregnancy.

Periostin Is a Disulfide-Bonded Homodimer and Forms a Complex with Fibronectin in the Human Skin.

The protein periostin is a matricellular protein that is expressed in connective tissue. It is composed of five globular domains arranged in an elongated structure with an extensive disordered C-terminal tail. Periostin contains 11 cysteine residues, of which one is unpaired and the rest form five intramolecular disulfide bonds. Periostin plays an important role during wound healing and is also involved in driving the inflammatory state in atopic diseases. This study provides a comprehensive biochemical characterization of periostin in human skin and in dermal and pulmonary fibroblasts in vitro. Through the application of Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and LC-MS/MS, we show for the first time that periostin is a disulfide-bonded homodimer and engages in a novel disulfide-bonded complex with fibronectin both in vivo and in vitro. This inherent characteristic of periostin holds the potential to redefine our approach to exploring and understanding its functional role in future research endeavors.

Farm exposure is associated with human breast milk immune profile and microbiome.

Prenatal and early life farm exposure, and breastfeeding, are associated with protection from allergic diseases. We hypothesize that farm exposure influences the human breast milk microbiome and immune proteins. The immune protein profiles and microbial communities of 152 human breast milk samples were compared among three maternal farm exposure groups (traditional agrarian, farm, and non-farm) in rural Wisconsin to identify signatures associated with farm status and atopic disease. We found significant differences between farm groups for 23 immune proteins (p-adj<0.05), microbiome diversity (p=2.2E-05), and microbiome richness (p=8.0e-06). Traditional agrarian human breast milk had the highest immune protein levels and microbiome diversity and richness, followed by farm and non-farm human breast milk. Furthermore, Gram-positive bacterial species correlated with IL-23 mediated signaling events (p-adj<1.0E-05). These data suggest that increased farm exposures promotes human breast milk that is more microbially-diverse and rich in immune-associated proteins, ultimately influencing immune development in the infant.

Natural Skin Care Regimen Improves Clinical Parameters and Quality of Life in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by xerosis, itching and recurrent eczematous lesions. The condition also has major psychosocial implications for patients and their families. A daily skincare regimen of gentle cleansing and moisturization is an important part of atopic dermatitis therapy. Objective: This study evaluated the tolerability and efficacy of a nature-based shampoo/wash and moisturizer in children with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis Methods: This open-label study involved 23 children (6 months – 13 years) with atopic dermatitis. A daily skin care regimen of nature-based shampoo/wash and moisturizer was used for 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was tolerability assessed through clinical grading of erythema, dryness and roughness. The study pediatrician graded the eczema condition using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), and assessments of stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss were performed before and after treatment. Parent/guardian completed two validated quality of life questionnaires. Results: Twenty children completed the study. Clinical evaluations showed significant improvement in subjects’ atopic disease with daily use of nature-based regimen. Significant reduction in dryness and roughness was observed, indicating that both products were well-tolerated. Moisture content and transepidermal water loss measurements showed directional improvements in skin barrier function. Parent/guardian reported significant improvements in quality-of-life assessments. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that nature-based skin care regimen was well tolerated and improved quality of life and skin condition in children with atopic dermatitis and can be used either alone or in adjunction with traditional treatment for disease control.

A Case of the Anti-aquaporine-4 Antibody-negative Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders Associated with Atopic Disease with High Concentration of Anti-IgE Autoantibody and HyperIgEemia

We report a 70-year-old male patient with the sero-negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) associated with atopic disease (AD). He was diagnosed with allergic rhinitis at the age of 20. When he was 61 years old, he subacutely developed orthostatic hypotension, bilateral optic neuritis, quadriparesis, urinary retention, and constipation. The laboratory results revealed allergen-specific IgE positivity for cryptomeria japonica and hinoki, hyperIgEemia, and Th (helper T cell) 1 dominance. The serological tests for autoantibodies revealed negative anti-aquaporine 4 antibody, and high concentration of anti-IgE autoantibody (anti-IgE AAb). Cerebrospinal fluid was negative for anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody. Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal intensities in bilateral cerebral deep white matter. T2 weighted image on spine MRI showed longitudinally extensive high signal intensities in the spinal cord, specifically involving C1 vertebral level to conus medullaris. Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) and plasma exchange resulted in partial improvement. Following the onset of NMOSD, he had relapse of NMOSD four times. In each episode, IVMP was to be partially effective with anti-IgE AAb reduction. Anti-IgE AAb may be a reasonable clinical indicator of increased disease activity in the sero-negative NMOSD associated with AD.

Central compartment atopic disease in the Bronx population

Central compartment atopic disease in the Bronx population

Manajemen Rhinitis Alergi

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an atopic disease characterized by symptoms of nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, postnasal drop, and nasal pruritis. The disease affects one in six people and is associated with significant morbidity, loss of productivity, and health care costs. Historically, AR was considered a disease process in the nasal airways only, although it is not serious, allergic rhinitis should be considered as a quite serious condition because it can affect the sufferer's quality of life due to the severity of the symptoms experienced and can also cause various complications. However, the development of integrated airway theory has classified AR as a component of the systemic allergic response, with other related conditions, such as asthma and atopic dermatitis, having an underlying systemic pathology. Even though it is not serious, allergic rhinitis should be considered as a quite serious condition because it can affect the sufferer's quality of life due to the severity of the symptoms experienced and can also cause various complications. In addition to nasal symptoms, patients with AR may also experience allergic conjunctivitis, non-productive cough, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and chronic sinusitis. Once diagnosed, AR can be treated in a variety of ways, with intranasal glucocorticoids being the first line of therapy.

A case of chronic spontaneous urticaria with wheals lasting for more than a week.

Urticaria is characterized by the development of wheals which usually disappear within a day, and are not present beyond a few days. A 58-year-old man began to develop edematous, partially ring-shaped erythematous lesions accompanied by severe body itching without any particular cause, approximately 2 months before his first visit to our hospital. Each rash emerged as being about 5 mm in diameter, gradually enlarging over several days, and disappeared in up to 10 days. Despite oral treatment with several antihistamines and 10 mg of prednisolone, there was no improvement. Most eruptions disappeared without a trace, but the erythema that appeared on the palms left desquamation. The patient had a history of shellfish allergy, but otherwise no atopic diseases. Drug eruption was ruled out due to a lack of regular taking other medications. Histopathological findings of the skin lesions showed moderate lymphocytic and few eosinophilic infiltrates with edema, but no evidence of vasculitis. Despite the concomitant use of two second-generation antihistamines and montelukast, the rash did not improve. The symptoms began to improve following oral intake of 1.5 mg of betamethasone, which was tapered off with the addition of 150 mg of cyclosporin. The use of all medications was stopped at 4 months from the first visit without recurrence. Wheals of chronic spontaneous urticaria may last for longer than a week without apparent histopathological findings of vasculitis.

The effect of allergen immunotherapy in patients with central compartment atopic disease post-surgery.

To assess the effect of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) on patients with central compartment atopic disease (CCAD) and house dust mite (HDM) sensitization post-surgery. A retrospective cohort of surgically treated, HDM-sensitized CRSwNP patients phenotyped as CCAD was assessed. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they had AIT commenced as part of their surgical care. All AIT patients started immunotherapy prior to their surgery. The primary endpoint was reformation of middle turbinate (MT) edema 12 months postsurgery. Secondary endpoints were corticosteroid irrigation use (<4 times/week vs. ≥4 times/week, %) and the rhinologic domain of the 22-item sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22). Demographic characteristics, concomitant asthma, smoking status, history of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, conjunctival symptoms, polysensitization, serum eosinophils (cell×109/L), tissue eosinophilia (%>100/HPF), and serum IgE (kU/L) were also recorded. Eighty-six CCAD patients were assessed (41±14yrs, 64% female). AIT was applied in 37% (n=32). Baseline features were similar apart from greater conjunctival symptoms (72 vs. 45%, p=0.02) in the AIT group. At 12 months post-surgery, the AIT group has less MT edema (%≥diffuse 15.6 vs. 52.9, p<0.01). Patients on AIT also had less pharmacotherapy requirements at 12 months (%≥4/week, 37.5 vs. 79.6%, p<0.01). The rhinologic symptoms were similar (21.1±17.1 vs. 20.1±21.6, p=0.83). Surgery and pharmacotherapy are effective in managing CCAD, but the addition of AIT improved allergic phenomenon and allowed de-escalation of topical therapy. Longer term studies are required to demonstrate further immunomodulation.

Causality between atopic diseases and osteoarthritis:a Mendelian randomization study

To explore causal relationship between atopic diseases (asthma and atopic dermatitis) and osteoarthritis (OA) by using mendelian randomization(MR). Asthma and atopic dermatitis as instrumental variables were selected, searched them through IEU database, and selected the latest data with a large number of cases and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Data were collected and processed using R language, inverse varianceweighted (IVW) method was adopted as main MR Evaluation method. Single linear regression was performed to estimate causality based on pooled knee and hip data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The forest map was drawn to visualize the results, and gene pleiotropy and sensitivity were analyzed by scatter plot and funnel plot. At the same time, asthma, atopic dermatitis, body mass index (BMI), osteoporosis and OA were selected for multivariate MR Analysis to exclude the effect of horizontal pleiotropy on the results in GWAS data. Analysis of MR-IVW results showed asthma was positively correlated with causal effect of OA [OR=1.41, 95%CI(1.07, 1.85), P=0.02], multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) adjusted for BMI and osteoporosis and a direct causal effect on OA was observed [OR=1.57, 95%CI(1.03, 2.39), P=0.03)]. MR Results of two samples of atopic dermatitis and OA were [OR=1.01, 95%CI(0.97, 1.04), P=0.76], and MVMR results were [OR=1.02, 95%CI(0.99, 1.05), P=0.25], indicating no clear causal relationship between two samples. Asthma could increase risk of OA, atopic dermatitis has no obvious relationship with OA, and the relationship between atopic diseases and OA still needs to be discussed.

TEMPORAL TREND OF INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS IN ASIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

There are limited epidemiological studies on eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in Asia. We studied the temporal trend of EoE in Asia, the presenting symptoms and association with atopic diseases. Literature search on PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed to retrieve studies published between 1980 and 2023 that reported the prevalence or incidence of EoE in Asia. We employed the random effects model to estimate the pooled incidence and prevalence. I2 index and Cochran Q test were used to assess heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted for study types, different regions, years of examination, and age groups. The proportion of atopic diseases amongst patients with EoE was described. 25 studies from Asia were included. The pooled prevalence of EoE was 33.5 cases per 100,000 inhabitants in population-based studies and 11.0 cases per 1000 patients/visitors in hospital-based studies. The incidence rate among children was 12.3 cases per 1,000 patients/visitors, whereas for adults it was only 0.2 cases per 1,000 patients/visitors. Amongst population-based studies, there was an increase in prevalence from 19.8 per 100,000 in 2005-2009 to 73.0 per 100,000 in 2015-2019. Similar upward trend was observed in hospital-based studies conducted during the same time period. Patients with EoE commonly presented with dysphagia (36.3%) and nausea and vomiting (34.6%). History of atopy was reported in 57.2% of EoE patients in Asia. The prevalence and incidence of EoE in Asia have been rising over the past decades. Due to the limited number of Asian studies and variations in subjects' sources, caution should be exercised when interpreting these results.

Clinical characteristics of Chinese children with EV-D68-associated pneumonia: A single-center retrospective analysis.

Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been associated with an increase in mild-to-severe pediatric respiratory diseases in western countries. However, the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EV-D68-associated pneumonia in China remain understudied. Between January 2022 and January 2024, 28 patients with EV-D68-associated pneumonia were enrolled. We described the prevalence, demographic, and clinical characteristics of patients with EV-D68-associated pneumonia. Among the 28 enrolled patients, the male-to-female ratio was 1.5:1, and the average age at onset was 4.6 ± 2.7 years. Four (14.3%) required intensive care support. Monoinfection occurred in 11 cases (39.3%), while coinfections were seen in 17 cases (60.7%). 82.1% of patients had a history of one or more atopic diseases. The primary symptoms of EV-D68-associated pneumonia included cough (100%), wheezing (53.6%), and fever (53.6%). Radiologically, patchy opacity was the predominant feature, observed in 72.7% of cases. No statistically significant differences were found in symptoms, laboratory tests, or imaging findings between the monoinfection and coinfection groups. Except for one case who developed quadriplegia sequelae, all patients had a favorable prognosis. EV-D68 is not a common pathogen for community-acquired pneumonia in China. It mainly affects young children, particularly those with atopic constitution. The overall prognosis is favorable, although neurological complications are rare and may lead to severe sequelae. This study is the first investigation into the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EV-D68-associated pneumonia in China.