Athletic Training Programs Research Articles

Komposisi Tubuh, Pengetahuan Gizi, dan Daya Tahan Atlet Pencak Silat Lumajang

The performance of pencak silat athletes is influenced by several important factors including physical condition, technique, tactics and psychology. This study aims to determine the body composition, level of nutritional knowledge, and endurance of pencak silat athletes. The type of quantitative research uses a non-experimental observational research design, the participants of this study were 20 Lumajang pencak silat athletes, consisting of 9 male athletes and 11 female athletes. The data in this study were obtained from body composition measurements using the Onemed 825 scan body fat scale, nutritional knowledge level tests from the adoption of the Nutrition for Young and Adult Athlete (NUKYA) questionnaire, and endurance tests using the Beep test. The results of the study showed differences in body composition in male and female athletes in terms of body weight indicators, Fat Free Mass (FFM), Skeletal Muscular Mass (SMM) and Body Mass Index (BMI). The athlete's body composition must be improved in the upper extremity muscle mass of the left and right arms and left and right fitness for female and male athletes and reduce fat mass for female athletes. The level of nutritional knowledge is higher for male athletes with fairly good scores and good endurance levels for both female and male athletes. For coaches, it is recommended to provide weight training programs for athletes with Circuit Training and for athletes to be more active in reading and understanding athlete nutritional knowledge.

Analyzing Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Discourses on Athletic Training Program Websites

Analyzing Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Discourses on Athletic Training Program Websites

Athletic Training Students' Use of Health Information Technology Professional Behaviors During Clinical Experiences: A Report from the AATE Research Network.

As an essential core competency for high-quality healthcare, health information technology (HIT) leverages the use of technology, such as electronic record systems, to collect and use patient care information to make informed clinical decisions. There is a dearth of information regarding professional athletic training students' (ATSs') use of HIT professional behaviors during clinical experiences. To assess HIT professional behaviors ATSs engage with during clinical experience patient encounters (PEs). Multisite panel design. 12 professional athletic training programs. 363 ATSs enrolled across the participating professional athletic training programs entered patient encounter information within E*Value during their scheduled clinical experiences. Characteristics of PEs (length of encounter, student role, clinical site type) were tracked in E*Value by students over three semesters. We used generalized estimating equation models to analyze the likelihood that students included HIT professional behaviors during 30,518 PEs. Clinical site type (p=0.04), length of encounter (p<0.001), and student role (p<0.001) had the greatest influence on students' documentation of PEs in electronic records systems; PEs occurring at the college/university setting, longer PEs, and full student autonomy increased the likely of this professional behavior. Length of encounter (p<0.001) and clinical site type (p<0.001) influenced students' use of information documented in electronic records systems to assist with clinical decision-making; PEs longer than 60 minutes and PEs in the clinic setting increased this professional behavior likelihood. Since HIT is integral to providing high-quality patient care, and its use is developed and improved upon across the continuum of the professional career, program administrators and preceptors must seek out opportunities for students to engage in HIT behaviors during clinical experiences. Secondary school clinical sites, sites that typically have shorter patient encounters, and preceptors that offer less autonomy are most in need of intentional efforts toward HIT inclusion.

Bridging disciplines: An evaluation of learning about Interprofessional roles and responsibilities through an interactive group activity.

Bridging disciplines: An evaluation of learning about Interprofessional roles and responsibilities through an interactive group activity.

Oxygen, Hormones, and Performance: A Case Study of Menstrual Cycle Effects on Athletic Physiology

The menstrual cycle represents a fundamental biological rhythm in a woman’s life. This study aims to analyse the potential influence of the menstrual cycle on female athletic performance, specifically focusing on variations in body composition, muscle oxygen saturation, and post-exertion recovery. The sample consisted of a 21-year-old female athlete (a former elite-level basketball player), who performed a Bulgarian Split Squat test once a week throughout a complete menstrual cycle. In the data analysis, the menstrual cycle was verified using biological and hormonal markers, the coefficient of variation in muscle oxygen saturation was calculated, and visual inspection was employed to assess the observed curves. The results indicated minor variations in muscle mass (ranging from 38.8 kg to 40.4 kg) and fat mass (10.7 kg to 11.9 kg) across different phases of the cycle. Additionally, an increase in force production (4–5 repetitions increasing to 13–14) was observed, likely due to elevated oestrogen levels in the bloodstream. In conclusion, the menstrual cycle should be considered when designing training programmes for female athletes, ensuring an individualised approach that accounts for hormonal fluctuations and their impact on performance.

Static and Dynamic Core Stability's Relationship with Agility and Speed in Female Basketballers

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between static and dynamic core stabilization with agility and speed among female basketball players. Core stability, encompassing static and dynamic components, is fundamental for maintaining balance and enhancing athletic performance. Materials and Methods: Fifteen female athletes from the Bandırma Basketball Team participated, undergoing a series of core stability, agility, and speed assessments. These included the plank and double leg lowering test for static core stability, back extensions for dynamic core stability, the Hexagonal Obstacle Test (HOT) for agility, and a 20-meter sprint test for speed. Results: The results revealed a significant positive correlation between static core stability (plank test) and speed performance (r=0.576, p=0.025), suggesting that greater static core stability enhances sprinting capability. However, no significant correlations were observed between dynamic core stability (back extensions) and either agility or speed. Additionally, agility and speed showed a moderate correlation (r=0.569, p=0.027), indicating a mutual influence. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of static core stability for speed performance and suggest that training programs for basketball athletes could benefit from emphasizing static core exercises to enhance sprinting ability.

The Acute Effects of 25- Versus 60-Minute Naps on Agility and Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players: The Role of Individual Chronotype.

While napping is recognized as an effective strategy for mitigating insufficient sleep and enhancing athletic recovery, limited research exists on its effects on football players' anaerobic performance, particularly concerning chronotype variations. This study investigated the impact of strategic napping durations on anaerobic performance and agility in football players under the age of 19 (U19), considering individual chronotypes and psychological factors. Sixteen young football players (age: 17.18 ± 1.04 years) participated in this crossover randomized controlled study. Participants underwent three conditions: no nap (NoN), 25 min nap (N25), and 60 min nap (N60), with 48 h washout periods between sessions. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump Test (CMJ), Illinois Agility Test, and Illinois Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. Chronotype assessment, sleep quality, and mood states were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Profile of Mood States Questionnaire, respectively. The 60 min nap protocol demonstrated significant improvements in agility performance compared to other conditions, particularly in the Illinois Agility Test and Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. However, no significant differences were observed in CMJ parameters across napping conditions. Chronotype variations showed correlations with agility performance and psychological factors, with evening-type participants displaying different responses to napping interventions compared to morning-type participants. While a 60 min post-lunch nap did not affect anaerobic performance, it positively influenced agility performance in soccer players. Chronotypic differences significantly impacted both agility performance and associated psychological factors. These findings suggest that integrating napping strategies into athletic training programs, while considering individual chronotypic variations, may present opportunities for enhancing specific aspects of athletic performance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying physiological, psychological, and cognitive mechanisms of these effects.

Physiological study of basketball training on athletes’ heart rate recovery and fatigue tolerance

This research explored the physiological changes and fatigue tolerance acquisition as a result of a basketball-specific training program for elite athletes. 30 male basketball players (10 elite, 10 sub-elite, and 10 control) were recruited for a 12-week training program. During the intervention period, heart rate recovery, fatigue tolerance and blood lactate analysis were collected. Evidence from this study indicates that elite athletes are superior in heart rate recovery, who achieve a decrease of 40 ± 2.5 bpm in the first minute as post-exercise heart rate, while the sub-elite and control participants had 35 ± 3.2 bpm and 30 ± 3.8 bpm respectively. Fatigue tolerance testing results shows a statistical significance in performance maintenance time between elite (75 ± 8 min) and sub-elite athletes (45 ± 6 min). Training load and physiological parameters r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.01; fatigue tolerance and performance maintenance r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.01. Alterations of autonomic regulation were observed in athletes after completing the systematic basketball specific training. The results also suggest that basketball-specific physiological conditioning training develops fatigue resistance and allow for effective basketball performance.

Sport-Specific Differences in Vertical Jump Force-Time Metrics Between Professional Female Volleyball, Basketball, and Handball Players.

Cabarkapa, DV, Cabarkapa, D, Aleksic, J, and Fry, AC. Sport-specific differences in vertical jump force-time metrics between professional female volleyball, basketball, and handball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of the present study was to examine the sport-specific differences in countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) force-time metrics among professional female volleyball, basketball, and handball players. Ninety-four athletes volunteered to participate in the present study (i.e., 41 volleyball, 20 basketball, and 33 handball). After a brief warm-up procedure, each athlete performed 3 nonconsecutive CMJs while standing on a force plate system sampling at 1,000 Hz. Nineteen force-time metrics were selected for performance analysis purposes, including both eccentric and concentric phases of the jumping motion. A one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post-hoc comparisons was used to examine statistically significant differences in each dependent variable across 3 sports (p < 0.05). The results reveal that volleyball athletes demonstrate significantly greater impulse, velocity, and mean and peak power during the eccentric phase of the CMJ compared with both basketball and handball players, and longer eccentric duration than basketball players. During the concentric phase, volleyball athletes showed significantly greater duration, impulse, and velocity compared to their handball and basketball counterparts, with higher mean and peak force observed only in comparison with basketball players. In addition, volleyball athletes had significantly greater jump height and deeper countermovement depth than the other 2 groups. However, the difference in reactive strength index-modified was detected only between the handball and volleyball athletes, with volleyball players exhibiting greater values. Overall, these findings can help sports practitioners with the development of specialized performance-enhancement training programs for athletes competing in sports such as basketball, volleyball, and handball.

Exploring the relationship between Change of Direction (COD) ability and sprint speed among college athletes: Implications for athletic training programs

Exploring the relationship between Change of Direction (COD) ability and sprint speed among college athletes: Implications for athletic training programs

Statistical flaws of the fitness-fatigue sports performance prediction model

Optimizing athletic training programs with the support of predictive models is an active research topic, fuelled by a consistent data collection. The Fitness-Fatigue Model (FFM) is a pioneer for modelling responses to training on performance based on training load exclusively. It has been subject to several extensions and its methodology has been questioned. In this article, we leveraged a Bayesian framework involving biologically meaningful priors to diagnose the fit and predictive ability of the FFM. We used cross-validation to draw a clear distinction between goodness-of-fit and predictive ability. The FFM showed major statistical flaws. On the one hand, the model was ill-conditioned, and we illustrated the poor identifiability of fitness and fatigue parameters using Markov chains in the Bayesian framework. On the other hand, the model exhibited an overfitting pattern, as adding the fatigue-related parameters did not significantly improve the model’s predictive ability (p-value > 0.40). We confirmed these results with 2 independent datasets. Both results question the relevance of the fatigue part of the model formulation, hence the biological relevance of the fatigue component of the FFM. Modelling sport performance through biologically meaningful and interpretable models remains a statistical challenge.

Maximal strength, sprint and jump performance in elite kumite karatekas

BackgroundBoth maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas.MethodsMale elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance.ResultsThere were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = − 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r2 = 0.52–0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r2 = 0.29–0.45 (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes.

The Effects of the Global Pandemic on Women Athletic Training Students as They Transitioned to Practice

Context The transition to practice process is complex and facilitated by many formal and informal processes. The coronavirus disease 2019 global pandemic presented unique challenges for athletic trainers. An identity-specific focus is necessary to understand better the transition to practice process during the pandemic. Objective To understand (1) what socializing factors influence a cohort of women athletic trainers who graduated from the same professional master’s (PM) athletic training program as they transitioned to practice and (2) the unique challenges the women athletic trainers faced as they sought employment and transitioned into their first professional roles during the pandemic. Design Qualitative phenomenological cohort study. Setting Semistructured, in-depth, 1-on-1 videoconference interviews. Patients or other Participants Six women (24.83 ± .96 years old) who graduated from the same PM athletic training program now working in various athletic training settings. Data Collection and Analysis We conducted semistructured interviews via Zoom (Zoom Video Communications). Interviews were transcribed, and a general phenomenological approach to analysis was used. Member checks, multiple analyst triangulation, and peer review were used to ensure trustworthiness. Results Three main themes emerged that describe the effects of the pandemic on the transition to practice of women athletic trainers: (1) personal identity, (2) relational identity, and (3) professional identity. Several subthemes were also identified to further illustrate the participants’ lived experiences. Conclusions Although some of the participants’ socialization and transition to practice experiences were similar to other graduates described in the literature, the personal, relational, and professional identities of these women athletic trainers were influenced by the pandemic. The participants purposefully sought women mentors to assist them with navigating the challenges of developing a professional identity during the pandemic. There is a need to create gender-specific networks to support individuals during their growth from novice to professional.

Effects of vibration training combined with kinesio taping on delayed onset muscle soreness of athletes' knee joints post-DOMS induction: a randomised controlled trial.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vibration training combined with kinesio taping on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in athletes. Forty-five athletes were randomly divided into the vibration group (n = 11), kinesio group (n = 11), combined group (n = 12) and control group (n = 11) to establish DOMS models of the knee. The visual analogue scale (VAS), peak torque of knee extension (60°/s), serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and creatine kinase (CK) were measured at baseline, immediately and 24, 48 and 72h later. In terms of VAS, the combined group was lower than the control group (immediately and 24h, p < 0.05). The vibration group, kinesio group and combined group had lower VAS scores than the control group, and the vibration group and kinesio group had higher VAS scores than the combined group (48 and 72h, p < 0.001). The IL-6 and CK levels of the vibration group, kinesio group and combined group were lower than those of the control group (immediately, 24 and 48h, p < 0.05), but those of the vibration group and kinesio group were higher than that of the combined group (24h, p < 0.05). The peak torque of knee extension in the combined group was higher than that in the control group (24h, p < 0.05). Vibration training and kinesio taping can alleviate muscle pain and reduce serum IL-6 and CK concentrations and muscle strength loss caused by DOMS in athletes to varying degrees, with similar effects. Compared with single intervention, combined intervention is more effective in reducing the inflammatory response and muscle micro-injury and in reducing muscle pain and muscle strength loss. These findings provide evidence-based strategies for optimizing recovery protocols in athletic training programs.

CONSTRUCTION OF HOLISTIC STRUCTURES OF THE TRAINING PROCESS FOR HIGH-CLASS DANCE ATHLETES

Introduction. Modern principles of constructing the training process are based on the application of systemic and synergistic approaches in the implementation of the structure of interrelated components: 'control-modeling-programming'." Optimization of this process is one of the leading directions in searching for new reserves of athletes' specialized preparedness. In the specialized literature on sports dance, there is a significant lack of information on this issue. The aim of the study is to develop and experimentally test a training program for dance athletes based on the implementation of systemic and synergistic approaches to constructing the training process. Material and methods. Meta-analysis of specialized literature. A pedagogical experiment using the expert evaluation method to assess the effectiveness of the competitive performance of dance couples. Results. Groups of dance athletes, conditionally named "A" and "B," followed different versions of the experimental training program. The first program, performed by group "A" athletes, was based on a systematic and stable application of cycles, training sessions, microcycles, and mesocycles. The second program, performed by group "B" athletes, was based on a synergistic approach, formed on the effects of "fatigue–recovery," "fatigue–slow recovery," and "chronic fatigue–non-recovery" in the micro- and mesocycles of dance athletes' preparation. As a result of implementing the first program, the performance of dance athletes in group "A" increased by 11.9%, while the second program resulted in a 14.8% increase in performance for group "B". Conclusions. The forms of organizing (constructing) the training process for dance athletes adhere to the general principles of sports theory, sports biology, and athlete preparation in sports dance. These principles are based on the regularities of forming adaptive (training) effects. The mechanism for forming adaptive effects is the rational construction of the training process based on applying holistic structures of "fatigue– recovery" and its modifications through the effects of "fatigue–slow recovery" and "chronic fatigue–non-recovery" in the micro- and mesocycles of dance athletes' preparation.

Research on the optimization system of athlete selection and training effect based on big data

Abstract Accurate talent selection and scientific training arrangements are a very important part of the athlete training process. The data generated by athlete selection and training has long been underutilized, so this paper designs a K-means clustering algorithm based on optimizing the initial clustering center and profile coefficients, to cluster and analyze the performance of athlete selection indexes. A collaborative filtering algorithm and a content-based recommendation algorithm are also combined to recommend suitable training programs for athletes to help them develop themselves. On this basis, an athlete selection and training optimization system is designed to improve the effect of athlete development. Five athlete categories are obtained by clustering according to the improved clustering algorithm, and effective evaluation of the performance of different athlete groups in the selection test is achieved. The personalized training algorithm designed in this paper achieves the lowest RMSE value, the recommendation effect is more accurate, and 7 out of 8 recommendation results match the actual situation, which helps to improve the athlete selection and training settings.

Frequency and Attributing Factors to Food Insecurity Experienced by Professional Athletic Training Students

Context Many college students struggle with food insecurity due to limited income and competing financial interests for tuition and housing. Students in health care professions may be at an even higher risk of food insecurity; for instance, researchers have indicated that over 50% of nursing students experience food insecurity. However, little is known about the frequency and attributing factors to food insecurity in professional athletic training students. Objective To investigate the frequency and attributing factors of food insecurity experienced by professional athletic training students. Design Cross-sectional study. Patients or Other Participants One hundred sixteen participants completed the survey (11.6% completion rate). Twenty-four were males, and 92 were females. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants received an e-mail with a link to the online survey by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association Research Survey Services. Participants completed the US Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form to identify food insecurity frequency, along with demographic questions and questions about dietary habits, academic demands, and mental health to identify factors that may contribute to food insecurity. We used a series of χ2 tests to determine if any significant group differences existed between food security groups and the personal and demographic questions. Results One hundred sixteen participants completed the survey; 35.3% reported having high or marginal food security, 37.1% reported low food security, and 27.6% reported very low food security. We found that participants with high to marginal food security were more likely to live with family or a spouse. Conclusions Over 60% of professional athletic training students reported low to very low food security. Professional athletic training programs should be aware of this risk and create policies to help ease the challenges to food security among their students.

The effect of a multi-component, combined training program on the level of physical fitness of athletes in cheerleading

Background and purpose To evaluate the effectiveness of the impact of a multi-component, combined training program on the level of physical fitness of athletes in cheerleading. Material and methods 32 athletes (girls aged 16-18) were examined. They were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) n=16, engaged in the training program of their sports unit, and the experimental group (EG) n=16, engaged in the developed training program, which was compiled on the basis of taking into account the specifics of the motor activity of cheerleading (performance high-intensity and interval work), sensitive periods of development of physical qualities of female athletes aged 16-18, set goals and objectives of the stage and period of preparation. Carefully selected means, methods and methods of using special exercises made it possible to purposefully develop physical qualities, increase the level of physical fitness, improve technical elements and teach the most complex ones, combining them into connections or combinations. Results The developed program for training athletes in cheerleading led to a statistically significant (p&lt;0,05) improvement in the level of physical fitness in all studied indicators of the athletes of the control group, compared to the control group. Conclusion This study provides evidence that cheerleading as a sport has gained widespread popularity among youth in many countries around the world. This indicates that 16-18-year-old cheerleader athletes need to develop a training program in accordance with the specifics of competitive activity and the refereeing system to improve the level of development of both individual physical qualities and increase the level of physical fitness, as well as the athletes' acquisition of stability and quality of performance of technical elements of competitive programs. The effective impact of the proposed multi-component and combined training program for cheerleader athletes in the annual training cycle (52 weeks) has been proven. The use of a multimodal approach to planning the training protocol is rational and effective, which can be recommended for use by cheerleading coaches.

Research on learning and evaluation model of traditional sports skills of ethnic minorities using optimized spiking deep residual network

The athletic performance of competitors in sporting events is influenced by a range of parameters. It is challenging for coaches to develop specialized, scientific training programs for athletes’ problems because the standard sports performance prediction approach makes it impossible to obtain precise findings and the related data analysis promptly. A sports performance prediction using the Spiking Deep Residual Network based Coati Optimization Algorithm (SPP-SDRN-COA) is proposed in this manuscript. Initially, the input data was collected from the historical data of ethnic minority athletics. Afterward, data was fed to pre-processing. In pre-processing, the Domain Transform Filtering (DTF) method removed noise by using DTF. Next, the pre-processed data was given to the Spiking Deep Residual Network (SDRN) which classified the sports performance of an athlete’s strengths and weakness. In general, SDRN does not show any optimization adaption methods to determine the optimum parameter to offer an accurate prediction. The Coati Optimization Algorithm (COA) is proposed in this manuscript to optimize the SDRN classifier that detects the strengths and weaknesses of the sports performance in an accurate manner. The proposed SPP – SDRN – COA is implemented using the MATLAB platform. By using the proposed SPP – SDRN – COA based sports performance prediction, the method provides higher accuracy and better prediction. Additionally, coaches can analyze athletic performance and gain a more thorough understanding of athletes’ strength levels than using the conventional performance prediction method.

The role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance

Research Objectives: This study aims to analyze the role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance in Jakarta Pertamina club athletes. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between biomechanical principles and service effectiveness, as well as identifying key biomechanical factors that contribute to improved service speed and accuracy. Methods: This quantitative study involved 30 volleyball athletes from Pertamina's Jakarta club. Data was collected through video analysis of service movements with high-speed cameras, anthropometric measurements, and service speed and accuracy tests. Biomechanical analysis is performed using special software to measure joint angle, angular velocity, and forces generated during service phases. Statistical analysis uses multiple regression and Pearson correlation tests to determine the relationship between biomechanical variables and service performance. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between knee flexion angle (r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.01) and shoulder rotation (r = 0.82, p &lt; 0.01) with service ball speed. Regression analysis revealed that a combination of biomechanical factors, including arm angular velocity, ball release angle, and momentum transfer from foot to arm, contributed by 76% to the variation in serve speed (R² = 0.76, p &lt; 0.001). Improvements in techniques based on biomechanical principles resulted in an average increase in service speed of 15% and accuracy of 22%. Conclusion: This study confirms the important role of biomechanics in improving volleyball service performance. Understanding and applying the principles of biomechanics in training can significantly improve the speed and accuracy of an athlete's serve. These results provide a scientific basis for the development of more effective and personalized training programs for volleyball athletes.