Associations Of Personal Characteristics Research Articles

The Association of Personality Characteristics with Learning Strategy Preferences

The purpose of this study was to describe the association between the learning strategy preference of the learners as identified by Assessing The Learning Strategies of AdultS (ATLAS) and the individual personality traits as defined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). The sample was 553 adults in Canada and the United States. Two types of analyses were used to investigate the association between learning strategy preferences and personality traits. First, discriminant analysis explored the interaction of personality traits with the learning strategy preference. Second, analysis of variance measured the association of each personality trait with the learning-strategy-preference groups separately. The findings provided several explicit personality traits associated with each learning-strategy-preference group. These findings support the conclusion that a strong association exists between personality traits and learning-strategy-preference characteristics. Learning strategy preferences and personality traits complement each other. Each clarifies and enriches the other. As a result, teachers have two indicators that can help them personalize the teaching-learning environment for each student. Teachers can use the learning-strategy-group descriptions as guides for organizing each learner's instructional activities and plans and as a cognitive framework for uncovering and monitoring student behaviors and alerting teachers to potential learning difficulties for some students. Students can apply the descriptions of the learning-strategy-preference groups to facilitate self-assessment and metacognition. Theory can be enhanced by considering the two concepts of learning strategy preferences and personality traits coupled and by conducting quantitative and qualitative research to test and expand the generalizability of the learning-strategy-group descriptions. (Permission is granted to use Assessing The Learning Strategies of AdultS and the Personality Identity Estimator in practice and research. Links to printable copies and online completion are appended.)

Association of Personal Characteristics and Effectiveness of Immunotherapy in Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundAlthough immunotherapy can increase survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), response rates are low. It is unclear which characteristics contribute to variability in immunotherapy efficacy and survival. Research is needed to identify reasons for heterogeneity in response rates to better tailor treatments.MethodsWeb of Science, Ovid EMBASE, and MEDLINE were queried from 2013 to January 2021, and all studies reporting overall or progression-free survival for patients treated with immunotherapy for NSCLC of at least stage IIIB were screened.ResultsIncluded were 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 6534 immunotherapy RCTs; 11 192 nonimmunotherapy RCTs) and 16 observational studies (n = 9073 immunotherapy patients). Among RCTs, there was improved survival with the addition of immunotherapy in patients aged younger than 65 years in 10 of 17 studies; smokers in 8 of 15 studies; and males in 10 of 17 studies and 6 of 17 females. Only 5 studies reported outcomes by race. Among observational studies, younger patients (aged younger than 60, younger than 65, or younger than 70 years in most studies) had better survival than older patients (aged 60 years and older, 65 years and older, or 70 years and older) in 4 of 13 studies, ever-smokers in 7 of 13, and females in 2 of 14. Three studies reported race with mixed results.ConclusionAlthough evidence is mixed, younger patients, smokers, and males may derive more benefit from immunotherapy. Evidence on racial differences is limited. Physicians should be mindful of personal characteristics when formulating treatment plans. Further research is needed to understand underlying mechanisms and to identify the best immunotherapy candidates and alternative treatments for those unlikely to benefit.

Association of personal characteristics and cooking skills with vegetable consumption frequency among university students

Most university students are transitioning to adulthood, and tend to adopt unhealthy eating habits characterised by a low intake of fruits and vegetables. Few studies have specifically addressed the consumption of vegetables, which have a high content of minerals, fibre, and active compounds. The aim of this investigation was to assess vegetable consumption frequency among university students in a Brazilian capital and examine associations with individual characteristics and cooking skills. This crosssectional study used a online questionnaire to collect data. Cooking skills were evaluated in eight dimensions. Vegetable consumption was recorded in five frequency groups and then categorised into daily and non-daily consumption. Data were subjected to Pearson's chi-squared or analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Associations between cooking skill dimensions and daily vegetable consumption were identified by crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses.Adjustment was performed for sex, age, paternal education, and overweight/obesity.Results are expressed as odds ratios (p < 0.05). Less than half of the respondents (N = 237; 45%) reported consuming vegetables daily. Higher level of paternal education, not being overweight or obese, and higher scores on seven cooking skill dimensions were positively associated with daily vegetable consumption. Given the scarcity of research on the topic, the findings of this study make a significant contribution to knowledge and may support public health strategies for promoting vegetable consumption among university students.

Low back pain among nursing professionals in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and risk factors.

Lower back pain (LBP) is often work-related and is commonly observed among nurses. LBP occurs below the 12th rib and above the gluteal fold. In nurses, back disorders are mainly associated with heavy physical activity, such as lifting and moving patients. The aim of the presented work is to evaluate the prevalence, risk factors, and associations of personal characteristics, general health status, and physical load with complaints of LBP. In this study, sixty nurses were randomly chosen to answer self-administered questionnaires. The results were analyzed using the SPSS system. An incidence rate of 61.7% for LBP among nurses was noticed. Among the sites of injury, LBP predominated with a rate of 51.2%. Severity of injury mostly ranged between mild to moderate levels of severity, and 20% of the nurses with LBP were working in obstetrics and gynecology units. Our study also showed that 66.7% of the participating nurses had experienced LBP only after taking on nursing jobs. The present study demonstrated that nurses working in Jeddah exhibit a high prevalence of lower back pain. In order to reduce the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among nurses, the physical therapist's role is vital and nurses' practice of relaxation and stretching exercises in between work schedules is mandatory.

Insulin resistance: associations of personal characteristics and factors of lifestyle

Objective — to study the relationship of IR with some clinical characteristics (body weight, BMI, level of HbA1c) and social and psychological parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes and IGT.Material and methods.IR was assessed by determining fasting blood glucose and insulin (HOMA — homeostasis model assessment, the calculation of the IR index), patients were tested by using valid questionnaires (Strategic Approach to Coping Scale, The Level of Subjective Control, Self-attitude Questionnaire), and life style questionnaires.Results.Multiple associations of IR index with personal characteristics are revealed. The psychological profile of a patient with a high IR includes the reduction of positive self-attitude, uncertainty in their own abilities, especially in the interpersonal relationships. Such features can provoke rejection of the active and targeted overcome the difficulties of life, the desire to avoid decisions, and if it is impossible — aggressive reactions with defensive character and reflect the uncertainty in their forces. The association of body weight and results of psychological tests were detected: the more the worse self-attitude in a number of aspects. The correlations of IR index and weight with some characteristics of lifestyle (dietary habits, especially sleep) were also revealed.Conclusions.The observed association of IR and personal characteristics and lifestyle features are of interest and required larger studies.

The Association of Personality Characteristics with Parenting Problems Among Alcoholic Couples

This retrospective cross-sectional study explored the associations of personality characteristics with parenting problems among 25 couples, one or both members of which were identified as alcoholics by virtue of their voluntary past completion of a residential program for alcoholics. Most of them (90%) scored lower, indicating their more problematic parental attitudes and behaviors, on all four scales of the Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI:inappropriate parental expectations of children, lack empathy for children's needs, value physical punishment, and parent-child role reversal) than average “normal” nonalcoholic, nonabusive adults. Such parenting problems were found to be very highly associated with clients' personality characteristics. For example, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, and passive aggressive characteristics (DSM-III-R-based) along with a few other personal characteristics of the couples, accounted for nearly all (90.2%, R2 =. 902) of their propensity to reverse roles with their children. Findings also suggested that the identified parenting problems among alcoholic couples are amenable to programmatic intervention: the longer couples had participated in aftercare programs offered by the treatment facility the more appropriate and empathetic was their parenting.

Associations of personality characteristics with transport behavior and residence location decisions

The objective of this paper is to investigate potential associations between personality and individual travel behavior characteristics. The explorations were based on responses to a mailback household survey from individuals residing in selected Chicago suburbs conducted in spring 1989. Three dimensions of personality were examined: social introversion or extroversion, affinity for suburban living and affinity for material possessions. Personality characteristics tend to correlate well with residence location selection, automobile ownership and travel characteristics. Specifically, socially extroverted people tend to make more trips, more nonwork trips and travel substantially longer distances by automobile for nonwork trips compared with socially introverted people. Materialistic people tend to spend a larger portion of their income for automobile acquisition; they also tend to own more expensive automobiles compared with utilitarian people. More people with an affinity for suburban living tend to reside in outerring, low-density suburbs instead of innerring, high-density suburbs. Thus, personality factors improve the understanding of transport behavior. On the other hand, personality characteristics cannot be affected by policy measures, while values for personality variables are hard to gather and predict. The problem of application of models with personality variables may be solvable for current (i.e. nonforecasting) applications if people can be classified into a small number of personality classes which can be assessed by a manageable number of attitudinal statements. As this study demonstrates, this is feasible.