Association Of Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

Socioeconomic Factors Influence the Impact of Tumor HPV Status on Outcome of Patients With Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Human papilloma virus (HPV) association remains one of the most important predictors of clinical outcome in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We aimed to determine whether the relationship between HPV status and overall survival was influenced by socioeconomic factors. Using the National Cancer Database, we examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and overall survival, controlling for demographics and socioeconomic variables (age at diagnosis, race, sex, clinical stage, facility type, facility location, insurance status, median-income quartiles, percent of no high-school education quartiles, rural-urban dwelling, Charlson-Deyo score, primary site, and treatment type). HPV-positive patients with private insurance have improved overall survival compared with HPV-positive patients who are uninsured (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51, 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.63, P < .001). HPV-negative patients with private insurance have improved overall survival compared with HPV-negative patients who were uninsured (HR, 0.62, 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.73, P < .001). HPV-positive patients living in the south had improved overall survival compared with HPV-positive patients living in the west (HR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.96, P = .013). As assessed through interaction, relationships between survival and insurance (P = .004), rural-urban status (P = .009), and facility location (P = .021) statistically differed between HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients. HPV status impact on overall survival for patients with OPSCC is influenced by socioeconomic factors including insurance status and treatment facility. A deeper understanding of these interactions is needed to improve equity of care for patients with OPSCC.

Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and potentially pathogenic vaginal microorganisms in women attending at primary care nursing gynecological consultation

To identify the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the presence of other microorganisms. This is a cross-sectional study composed of 128 women who were attended in the basic health units, between 2014 and 2018, to perform the Pap smear. The presence of papillomavirus was investigated using conventional PCR with primers MY09/11 and GP5 +/6+ (echo and endocervix cells) and the smear bacterioscopy of vaginal secretions was performed to identify the microorganisms. Statistical was performed using the square test, including a risk ratio or 95% confidence interval. HPV infection was identified in 48.4% (n = 62) women. Corynebacterium sp (39.8%) was the most prevalent microorganism, followed by Escherichia coli (21.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.0%), Gardnerella vaginalis (13.2%) and Candida albicans (7%), respectively. According to statistical analysis or HPV and the group of potentially pathogenic microorganisms had a significant association p &lt;0.02. Corynebacterium sp showed an effective protection (0.356 [0.170-0.744] &lt;0.05) in relation to sociodemographic, gynecological and obstetric factors. Only vaginal discharge and pH had p &lt;0.05 when comparing the presence of infection. The other variables showed no statistical differences. This study revealed an association between the presence of pathogenic microorganisms with HPV virus infection, confirming a need for a better understanding of the female genitals’ microbiota. Thus, research involving the vaginal infectious agents, methods of protection and rapid diagnosis to contribute to the reduction of the number of lesions in the cervix and cervical cancer are needed.

Association of Human Papilloma Virus in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An Alarming Need for Human Papillomavirus 16 Screening in Cancer Patients.

Background:The percentage of cancers of the tongue and palatine tonsils has continued to increase by 2%–4% among younger men. This increased prevalence of a subsection of oropharyngeal carcinoma can be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). Among the head-and-neck cancers, a strong association with HPV infection is evident with oropharyngeal cancers, particularly tonsillar and basal tongue cancers.Objectives:Oral carcinoma, with an overall incidence of 16.1 adults per 100,000, is one of the leading malignancies worldwide, presenting a noticeable geographic variation in its distribution. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common of all oral malignancies, the objective of the study is to detect the HPV antigen p16 over-expression in patients with oral SCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC).Materials and Methods:Oral SCC (OSCC) diagnosed formalin-fixed-paraffin embedded blocks were processed for IHC.Results:Out of 50 cases, 3 were deferred due to insufficient tumor sample and 2/47 cases were p16 positive and the site was the lateral border of the tongue.Conclusion:The HPV antigen overexpression in patients with OSCC was investigated to detect the incidence of HPV in SCC of oral cavity. P16 was used as a marker for the detection of OSCC using IHC in HPV-induced OSCC. Positives were detected thus concluding the significance of studying HPV expression during diagnosis.

HPV-16 Detection and Quantitation in Whole Mouth Fluid of Oral and Cervical Cancer Patients

Introduction: The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical and oropharyngeal cancer is well established. There is a growing evidence that HPV could possibly contribute to oral cancer along with alcohol and tobacco use. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify HPV-16 in the whole mouth fluid of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), cervical cancer, and normal controls. Materials and Methods: The whole mouth fluid of 20 patients with OSCC (Group I), 10 with cervical cancer (Group II), and 10 normal individuals (Group III) was collected by the spit technique. The DNA was extracted and quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 (IBM Corp. Released 2012, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) software and analysis of variance test was used. Results: The mean age of Group I patients was 50.9 ± 13.5 years, Group II was 51.6 ± 8.07 years, and Group III was 46 ± 8.5 years. In Group I, 15 were males and 5 were females. In Group III, 5 were males and 5 were females. Eight patients belonging to Group I, four of Group II, and seven of Group III had HPV-16 in their whole mouth fluid. Conclusion: HPV-16 was identified in the whole mouth fluid of OSCC, patients with cervical cancer, and even in normal controls. However, the mean viral loads were highest in patients with cervical cancer followed by patients with OSCC and normal controls.

Association of human papillomavirus with other coinfections prevailing in abnormal cervical lesions

Association of human papillomavirus with other coinfections prevailing in abnormal cervical lesions

Factors associated with cervical cancer screening behaviour of women attending gynaecological clinics in Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional study.

Objective:Although cervical cancer could be prevented through medical screening, it remains one of the top causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality all over the world. A number of factors may contribute to cervical cancer screening behaviour of women. The aim of this study was to investigate factors related to cervical cancer screening behaviour of women in Kazakhstan.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey-based study with a total of 1189 participants. Women attending gynaecological clinics aged between 18 and 70 years were administered paper-based questionnaires about their awareness of cervical cancer, the associated risk factors, and cervical cancer screening. Student t test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test and chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, where appropriate, were used to determine associations with categorical independent variables.Results:The mean age of participants was 36.5 ± 10.1 years. Less than half (45.7%) of the participants had been screened for cervical cancer. The key factors related to the cervical cancer screening behaviour of women in this study included age, having a larger number of children, regular menstrual function, awareness of Pap smear test, and free screening programme for cervical cancer, and the causal association of human papillomavirus with cervical cancer.Conclusion:This study revealed several significant factors predicting screening behaviour in Kazakhstani women. To improve the rate of screening, there is a need to increase public knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer and opportunities for the free screening programme in the female population of Kazakhstan.

Association between interleukin 6 gene polymorphism and human papilloma virus infection in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients

Background: Both HPV and IL 6 gene polymorphism have independently proven their association with OSCC. And we assume that the positivity of both HPV and IL 6 in a patient with OSCC would raise the threshold of patient towards the aggressiveness of the disease.So the aim was to find an association between Human Papilloma Virus and IL 6 gene polymorphism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients. Methods and materials: Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ziauddin Hospital, Karachi, between Jan 2014 to May 2015. And of consisted a total of 140 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients of 18 y and above (104 males and 36 females). Detailed questionnaire followed by sample collection from each patient was done. These samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction for human papilloma virus and IL 6 gene polymorphism was analyzed through restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Mean age of the patients was 43.5 ± 11.84 y (range 31–40 y). Most of the patients (45; 32.1%) belonged to the Urdu speaking ethnic group. Pan (87; 62.1%) and Gutka (82; 58.6%) were used by most of the patients. (17;12.1%) patients had history of systemic disease (e.g hypertension, diabetes). And (3021.4%) patients had a positive family history of OSCC. The most common site of OSCC was buccal mucosa (86; 61.4%) in these patients. Majority of the patients (77; 55%) had histologically moderately differentiated OSCC, and more than half of these patients (78; 55.7%) had Group B (stage III & IV) of OSCC. (12;8.6%) out of 140 samples tested positive for human papilloma virus gene and the following pattern was observed for IL 6 gene polymorphism, GG: (46.4%), GC (39.3%), CC (14.3%). A positive association was observed for Group B (stages III & IV) of oral squamous cell carcinoma with IL 6 genotypes: GC heterozygote (OR = 3.819, 95% CI = 1.782-8.183, p = 0.001) and CC homozygote (OR = 6.833, 95% CI = 2.046-22.822, p = 0.002), and also a strong positive association was found between human papilloma virus and CC homozygote genotype (OR = 21.333, 95% CI = 2.318-196.311, p = 0.007). Conclusion: Human papilloma virus association with IL 6 gene polymorphism in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients suggests rapid and aggressive progress of oral carcinogenesis.

Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with Urothelial Carcinoma in the south of Iraqi patients.

Association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with Urothelial Carcinoma in the south of Iraqi patients.

Association of Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus with Ovarian Cancer in Shiraz, Southwestern Iran.

Background & Objective:Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers amongst women. The association of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with ovarian cancer is inconclusive; therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of HPV and EBV in malignant, borderline, benign and normal ovarian tissues.Methods:In this case-control study, 205 Paraffin-embedded ovarian tissue specimens including 68 malignant, 27 borderline, 65 benign, and 45 normal tissues were included from December 2014 to January 2018 and subjected to DNA extraction. The β-globin gene was amplified using PCR to confirm the quality of the extracted DNA. The genomes of HPV (genotypes 16 and 18) and EBV were identified, using specific primers by PCR.Results:The mean age of participants was 43.42 ± 15.4 years. The frequency of HPV was statistically significant between malignant versus benign (P=0.02) and control groups (P=0.002), but not with borderline tumor group (P=0.78). Amongst HPV infected samples, 1 (4.5%) and 14 (63.6%) samples were infected with types 16 and 18, respectively. Also 4 (18.2 %) samples were infected with both genotypes. Eleven samples including 7(10.3%) malignant, 1 (3.7%) borderline, 3 (4.6%) benign and none (0%) of normal control groups were infected with EBV, which was statistically different between malignant and the normal control group (P=0.03).Conclusion:The results of our study showed the possible role of high risk HPVs as well as EBV in pathogenesis of ovarian cancer, and further studies are recommended to confirm these findings.

Association of human papillomavirus and extra-genital Bowen disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ): A systematic review

Association of human papillomavirus and extra-genital Bowen disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ): A systematic review

Association Between Positive Human Papillomavirus Status After Conization and Disease Recurrence in Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Grade 3.

This study aimed to examine the associations of cone margin and human papillomavirus (HPV) status after conization with cytological abnormalities and disease recurrence in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3). This is a retrospective study of 366 women with CIN3 who underwent conization at Kagoshima University Hospital between 2004 and 2017. Conization was performed using an ultrasonic scalpel. The polymerase chain reaction for detecting HPV genotypes was performed using fresh cervical cell samples. We examined the associations of margin status and HPV status after conization with cytological abnormalities and recurrence. Among 224 women with CIN3, 193 (86.2%) underwent HPV genotype testing before conization. The HPV-positive rate was 84.9%. The most common HPV genotypes before conization were HPV 16, 31, 58, 52, 18, 35, and 33. In 191 patients, the uterus was preserved after conization. Sixteen patients had pathologically positive margins, 165 had negative margins, and 10 had unclear margins. There was no significant difference in abnormal cytology and recurrence rate after conization between the three groups. Five patients with positive margins and abnormal cytology during follow-ups were HPV16- or HPV58-positive in the preoperative HPV testing. Of the 191 women, 91 (47.6%) underwent pre- and postoperative HPV genotype testing, among whom 14 (15.4%) were HPV-positive after conization. No significant difference in abnormal cytology based on HPV status after conization was found. The recurrence rate tended to be higher in HPV-positive patients than in HPV-negative patients after conization (21.4% vs. 1.3%, p < 0.05). Three patients with HPV positivity after conization and recurrence during follow-up were HPV16- or HPV58-positive. HPV positivity after conization for CIN3 was associated with a high recurrence rate, especially in HPV16- and HPV58-positive patients. HPV58 has not received much attention thus far, but abnormalities in cytology and recurrence may be as likely as those associated with HPV16. Thus, a careful follow-up in such patients is recommended.

Evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) prediction using the International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification system, compared to p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in-situ hybridization.

BackgroundThe International Endocervical Adenocarcinoma Criteria and Classification (IECC) separated endocervical adenocarcinomas into human papillomavirus (HPV) associated (HPVA) and non–HPV-associated (NHPVA) categories by morphology alone. Our primary objective was to assess the accuracy of HPV prediction by the IECC system compared to p16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in-situ hybridization (RISH). Our secondary goal was to directly compare p16 and HPV RISH concordance.MethodsCases were classified by IECC and stained for p16 and HPV RISH on tissue microarray, with discordant p16/HPV RISH cases re-stained on whole tissue sections. Remaining discordant cases (p16/HPV, IECC/p16, IECC/HPV discordances) were re-reviewed by the original pathologists (n = 3) and external expert pathologists (n = 2) blinded to the p16 and HPV RISH results. Final IECC diagnosis was assigned upon independent agreement between all reviewers.ResultsOne hundred and eleven endocervical adenocarcinomas were classified originally into 94 HPVA and 17 NHPVA cases. p16 and HPV RISH was concordant in 108/111 cases (97%) independent of the IECC. HPV RISH and p16 was concordant with IECC in 103/111 (93%) and 106/111 (95%), respectively. After expert review, concordance improved to 107/111 (96%) for HPV RISH. After review of the eight discordant cases, one remained as HPVA, four were reclassified to NHPVA from HPVA, two were unclassifiable, and one possibly represented a mixed usual and gastric-type adenocarcinoma.Conclusionsp16 and HPV RISH have excellent concordance in endocervical adenocarcinomas, and IECC can predict HPV status in most cases. Focal apical mitoses and apoptotic debris on original review led to the misclassification of several NHPVA as HPVA.

Association of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection with oncological outcomes in urothelial bladder cancer

BackgroundBladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in adults worldwide. There are various risk factors described for the bladder cancer development including genetic background as well as environmental exposure. Currently, infectious agents such as human papilloma virus (HPV) has also been linked to bladder cancer risk. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential correlation between HPV infection and the oncological outcome in urothelial bladder cancer.MethodsTotally 106 tissue samples of histopathologically confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder were included in this study. The presence of high risk (types 16 and 18) and low risk (types 11 and 6) types of HPV was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by in situ hybridization.ResultsOut of 106 bladder cancer patients, a total of 24 cases (22.6%) were positive HPV infection. The most common type of HPV detected was type 16 followed by types 11 and 18, and 6. According to independent T-test results, there was a significant association between mean age and HPV infection (P = 0.015). Moreover, our findings showed a significant relation between infection with HPV and tumor stage, tumor grade, muscle invasion of the tumor, as well as tumor recurrence. The results of Chi-square Test indicated that there is significant statistical association between types of HPV and tumor grade (P-Value = 0.044).ConclusionOur findings indicated that a family history of cancer and HPV infection can be potential independent predictive factors for tumor recurrence in bladder cancer. Overall, the results of this study strongly indicate a significant relationship between HPV infection and an aggravated outcome of the disease and a higher risk of recurrence in patients with bladder cancer.

Low-dose aspirin use and risk of head and neck cancer-A Danish nationwide case-control study.

Results concerning a potential preventive effect of aspirin on head and neck cancer (HNC) are conflicting. We examined the association between low-dose aspirin use and HNC risk overall and by degree of human papillomavirus association in a nested case-control study using nationwide registries. Cases (n = 12 389) were all Danish residents diagnosed with primary HNC (2000-2015). Age- and sex-matched population controls (n = 185 835) were selected by risk-set-sampling. Using conditional logistic regression, we estimated multivariable-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for HNC associated with low-dose aspirin use (≥2 prescriptions). No association was observed between low-dose aspirin ever-use and overall HNC (odds ratio: 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.97-1.10). Estimates remained neutral according to patterns of use. Low-dose aspirin use appeared to slightly decrease HNC risk among the eldest (71-84 y), independently of human papillomavirus association, while slightly increase HNC risk among younger age groups (30-60, 61-70 y), driven by an increased risk of oral cancer. However, no consistent patterns in risk estimates were found according to duration and consistency of low-dose aspirin use in the age-stratified analyses.

Abstract B07: High-risk human papillomavirus association with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan

Abstract Introduction: Taiwan has a high rate of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). The etiologic factors are primarily tobacco and alcohol abuse. High-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) have been reported in oral cancers in Taiwan, but their role in oropharyngeal cancer has not been studied. We investigated the possible role of hrHPV in OPSCC Taiwanese patients. Materials and Methods: We identified 546 OPSCC tumors from patients undergoing standard care and informed consent, between 1998 and 2016, at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CGMH) in Taiwan. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections from 504 patients were screened by p16 immunostaining, a surrogate marker for active HPV (Ventana antibody, Cat. No. 725-4713, prediluted), and scored for intensity and proportion of positive tumor cells according to the 2018 College of American Pathologists recommendations. Genomic DNA was extracted from FFPE sections (AllPrep Kit, Qiagen) and HPV was detected and genotyped by Multiplex PCR-Mass Array (PCR-MA) analysis designed to detect 15 high-risk, 1 intermediate-risk, and 2 low-risk HPV types. Results: Of the 504 OPSCC tumors tested for p16, 104 (20.6%) were positive, 380 (75.4%) negative, and 20 (4.0%) could not be scored. Spearman nonparametric correlation analysis demonstrated a linear increase in p16 positivity with time from 1998 to 2015 in this Taiwanese population (r= 0.6320, p= 0.003; R2= 0.4901, p= 0.0012). To date, HPV genotyping in 179 Taiwan tumors showed that 38 (21.2%) were hrHPV positive, 120 (67.0%) negative, and 21 (11.7%) had insufficient DNA. Of the 38 HPV-positive tumors, HPV16 alone was found in 31 (81.6%), HPV39 and HPV59 were each found once in separate tumors, and several tumors had two HPV types present: HPV16 and HPV18 were present together in 2 tumors, and each of the following pairs were found in one tumor each: HPV16 with HPV35, HPV16 with HPV59, and HPV16 with HPV6. Of the tumors tested by both p16 and PCR-MA, there was 97% concordance between the results (130/134). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings indicate that the proportion of hrHPV positive OPSCC tumors in this Taiwanese population is increasing over the period from 1998 to 2015 in Taiwan. The concordance of p16 and HPV DNA is very high (p&amp;lt;0.0001), demonstrating that the hrHPV in the tumors is transcriptionally active and likely is an etiologic factor in the majority of OPSCC patients treated at CGMH in the past 18 years. This is consistent with the increasing role of hrHPV in OPSCC in Western countries and may reflect changing socioeconomic trends in Taiwan. Citation Format: Guadalupe Lorenzatti Hiles, Chun-I Wang, Lisa M. Pinatti, Christine M. Goudsmit, Lila Peters, Hannah L. Briggs, Trey B. Thomas, Mohammed Charara, Reem A. Khatib, Macy A. Afsari, Anna C. Morris, Nadine Jawad, Devraj Som, Kai-Ping Chang, Thomas E. Carey, Heather M. Walline. High-risk human papillomavirus association with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Taiwan [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; 2019 Apr 29-30; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(12_Suppl_2):Abstract nr B07.

Prevalence and Association of Human Papillomavirus with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Iran: A Systematic Re-view and Meta-Analysis

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can infect the epithelium of the esophagus, but so far there is no reliable and comprehensive evidence about the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal cancer in Iran, as high incidence region. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of HPV with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Iran. Relevant English and Persian articles published up to Aug 2017 and indexed in databases were reviewed. Frequency of HPV genotypes in ESCC cases and controls was surveyed according to regions of Iran. Data were meta-analyzed with random effects models using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Overall, 14 studies were eligible including 1444 samples (1062 ESCC cases and 382 controls). HPV was positive in 269 (25.32%) of 1062 ESCC cases and in 65 (17.01%) of 382 controls. Total prevalence of HPV in both groups was estimated 0.256 (95%CI, 0.208%-0.310%). The prevalence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was estimated 0.121 (95%CI: 0.087-0.183) and 0.046 (95%CI; 0.023-0.088), respectively. The difference in HPV prevalence in different regions of Iran was statistically significant (Q=18.20, df =4, P=0.001). In 6 case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio was estimated 1.99 (95%CI; 0.916-4.315). High-risk HPVs were observed in ESCC cases and controls from different regions of Iran. The odds ratio indicates that the HPV infection in ESCC cases was approximately 2 fold more than the controls. More case-control studies in other populations with larger sample size are necessary.

PET/CT radiomics signature of human papilloma virus association in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

To devise, validate, and externally test PET/CT radiomics signatures for human papillomavirus (HPV) association in primary tumors and metastatic cervical lymph nodes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). We analyzed 435 primary tumors (326 for training, 109 for validation) and 741 metastatic cervical lymph nodes (518 for training, 223 for validation) using FDG-PET and non-contrast CT from a multi-institutional and multi-national cohort. Utilizing 1037 radiomics features per imaging modality and per lesion, we trained, optimized, and independently validated machine-learning classifiers for prediction of HPV association in primary tumors, lymph nodes, and combined "virtual" volumes of interest (VOI). PET-based models were additionally validated in an external cohort. Single-modality PET and CT final models yielded similar classification performance without significant difference in independent validation; however, models combining PET and CT features outperformed single-modality PET- or CT-based models, with receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78, and 0.77 for prediction of HPV association using primary tumor lesion features, in cross-validation and independent validation, respectively. In the external PET-only validation dataset, final models achieved an AUC of 0.83 for a virtual VOI combining primary tumor and lymph nodes, and an AUC of 0.73 for a virtual VOI combining all lymph nodes. We found that PET-based radiomics signatures yielded similar classification performance to CT-based models, with potential added value from combining PET- and CT-based radiomics for prediction of HPV status. While our results are promising, radiomics signatures may not yet substitute tissue sampling for clinical decision-making.

Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Among Adults Living in South-Central Asia: A Systematic Review.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)related oral cancers are increasing and are associated with sexual risk behaviours. An increase in the incidence of oral cancer has been observed in South-central Asian countries. The objective was to systematically review the evidence on the association of HPV and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among adults living in South-central Asia. We searched multiple databases and reference lists of relevant articles in December 2018. Quality assessment of the selected articles were done using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. Thirteen out of 150 articles met the eligibility criteria. Most studies were from India (10/13) followed byPakistan (2/13) and Bangladesh (1/13). Half (7/13) of the studies found a positive association between HPV with OSCC. HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 16/18 were found to be the most common types implicated in HPV infection associated with OSCC. Moreover, buccal mucosa was the most common site of oral cancer. The review found equivocal evidence in relation to the association of HPVwith oral squamous cell carcinoma among people living in South Asia.

Assessing the nature of the association of human papillomavirus in oral cancer with and without known risk factors

BackgroundPublished studies assessing the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer, often include cases with additional confounders such as alcohol, tobacco, thus, precluding the assessment of HPV as a independent risk factor. Further apart from eliciting the mere presence of HPV, it is vital that the nature of the association is delineated for eliciting a causal inference. Thus, the present study assessed the presence and nature of the association of HPV in oral cancer cases with and without known risk factors.MethodsThe study compares the prevalence of HPV in oral cancer cases with known risk factors (group 1, n=15) to oral cancer (group 2, n=15) and oral epithelial dysplasia (group 3, n=15) cases with no known risk factors using PCR. Cases which are positive for HPV were subjected to p16 and p53 immunostaining to determine potential causal inference.ResultsHPV 16 was detected in only 1 case of group I, 3 cases of group II, and was absent in group III. HPV 18 was negative in all the 3 groups. All the HPV positive cases were negative for p16 and positive for p53 immunostaining.ConclusionsOnly a minor proportion of oral cancer cases without risk factors were positive for HPV 16. Even among these HPV 16 positive cases, the immunostaining profile (p53 positive and p16 negative) excludes the involvement of E6 and E7 mediated carcinogenesis. Thus even the weak HPV association noted in the present study cases may not be of causal nature.

Gene Expression Analysis of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Colorectal Carcinoma

Purpose Human papillomavirus (HPV) antigens had been found in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, but little evidence demonstrates the association of HPV with oncogene mutations in CRC. We aim to elucidate the mutated genes that link HPV infection and CRC carcinogenesis. Methods Cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissues were obtained from CRC patients. HPV antigen was measured by using the immunohistochemical (IHC) technique. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HPV-positive and HPV-negative tumor tissues were measured by using TaqMan Array Plates. The target genes were validated with the qPCR method. Results 15 (31.9%) cases of CRC patients were observed to be HPV positive, in which HPV antigen was expressed in most tumor tissues rather than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. With TaqMan Array Plates analyses, we found that 39 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were upregulated, while 17 DEGs were downregulated in HPV-positive CRC tissues compared with HPV-negative tissues. Four DEGs (MMP-7, MYC, WNT-5A, and AXIN2) were upregulated in tumor vs. normal tissues, or adenoma vs. normal tissue in TCGA, which was overlapped with our data. In the confirmation test, MMP-7, MYC, WNT-5A, and AXIN2 were upregulated in cancerous tissue compared with adjacent noncancerous tissue. MYC, WNT-5A, and AXIN2 were shown to be upregulated in HPV-positive CRC tissues when compared to HPV-negative tissues. Conclusion HPV-encoding genome may integrate into the tumor genomes that involved in multiple signaling pathways. Further genomic and proteomic investigation is necessary for obtaining a more comprehensive knowledge of signaling pathways associated with the CRC carcinogenesis.