Assist Law Enforcement Research Articles

Kajian Hukum Pemeriksaan Selaput Dara dari Perspektif Ham dan Ditinjau dari Sistem Hukum Negara

Hymen examination is synonymous with the 'virginity test' which is a controversial examination by medical professionals. One of the famous myths about virginity is that 'virginity' is proven by writing the appearance of "intact hymen". Along with the times, this can also have an impact on the field of law, especially health law, that examination of the hymen which is carried out by medical professionals raises pros and cons. when viewed also from the side of Human Rights (HAM) and how it relates when faced with the State Law system for the sake of law. The form of this research is normative juridical research. with a conceptual approach (Conceptual Approach), while the type of research is descriptive exploratory using the philosophy of Integrative Law Theory. Examination of the hymen which can be called a virginity test is not allowed because it is not in accordance with the dignity of women and contains elements of discrimination. Medical examinations that aim to assist law enforcement include making a post mortem et repertum for someone sent by the police (investigators). The application of Article 133 of the Criminal Procedure Code in Indonesia is an application of the Continental European legal system. judicial medical experts (forensic doctors) can be included in the examination at the crime scene (TKP) in order to establish the cause of death and the manner of death.

PUBLIC DIPLOMACY AS A TECHNOLOGY OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF UKRAINE

The article is devoted to consideration of the specifics of public diplomacy in Ukraine, including during the war. This made it possible to single out approaches and main principles that will increase the country’s security and attractiveness on the international stage. By applying a technological approach, the types of development and different approaches to the study of public diplomacy in Ukraine and the world were analyzed, the specifics of public diplomacy in modern Ukraine were characterized, and effective technologies of public diplomacy were determined in the conditions of the transition from two-vector to European integration. The scientific novelty consists in the review of public diplomacy technologies in the context of solving key challenges in international relations, in particular in the context of geopolitical changes and the full-scale invasion of the occupiers in Ukraine. The effectiveness of public diplomacy and its role in maintaining and improving attitudes towards the country, attracting international support and developing partnership relations have been studied. Thus, the study expands the understanding of public diplomacy as a tool that can be used to positively influence international politics. The main attention is paid to the study of the tools of public diplomacy, as effective mechanisms for the development of Ukraine’s foreign policy. The conducted research proves the need to strengthen the efforts of all actors of international relations, citizens, opinion leaders and representatives of organizations to improve the image of Ukraine, as well as its economic, social, political and cultural enrichment. It is proposed to create a public institution for cyber security, which will assist law enforcement officers from the Cyber Police and representatives of the Ministry of Digital Policy. Strategic areas of activity and effective use of public diplomacy in Ukraine during the great war and changes in the vector of development in international relations were formed. The fakes can be used by the authorities to improve the image of the state and its recognition in the international arena.

THE Urgensi Ahli Linguistik Forensik Dan Psikologi Forensik Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu

The existence of information from forensic linguistics experts and forensic psychology experts is very much needed by law enforcement officers in the criminal justice system. to make light of a crime. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of forensic linguistics and forensic psychology experts in helping law enforcement officers to seek and find the truth in order to make light of a crime. The research method used in this research is normative legal research which is complemented by social legal research. The approach used is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Data collection technique is literature study and analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that information from forensic linguistics experts and forensic psychologists could be requested from the start of the investigation phase even if required by the judge, forensic linguistics and forensic psychology experts could be presented in the trial process either by the public prosecutor or by the defendant's legal counsel, whose main purpose is assist law enforcement officers to make light of a crime. Thus, the existence of information from forensic linguistics and forensic psychology experts is very much needed in an integrated criminal justice system. However, there are some limitations such as lack of human resources, lack of legal knowledge possessed by experts, conflicts of interest and differences in paradigms from experts even though they have the same specifications are some of the obstacles that are often faced by law enforcement officers when faced with situations that require the role of an expert.

To Categorize and Forecast the Type of crime and Person-identification using Machine Learning

Crimes are an irritant to society and have a discernible effect on it. Many law enforcement organizations currently have large amounts of crime- related data that need to be processed in order to become useful information. Crime data are complex since they include a lot of various formats and features. Law enforcement organizations face a number of challenges in their efforts to prevent crimes. To assist law enforcement agencies in conducting descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analysis on crime data, we propose a desktop application for crime data analysis. Because the application was modular, each component was built separately. Person identification makes use of data analysis and biometric technologies to accurately identify individuals. Databases are able to record and store these characteristics. Keywords-Crime, Prediction, Person- Identification, SVM, Haar-cascade algorithm

DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION AND FINANCIAL MONITORING: NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST CRIME

The purpose of the research is to explore the role of emerging technologies in combating criminal activities, particularly in digital identification and financial monitoring. The article aims to highlight how these new technologies can enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies and financial institutions in detecting and preventing crime. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was a set of methods of scientific knowledge. In particular, the phenomenological method allowed the author to analyse national, international, and foreign law legal sources. The analytical method was used during the analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus, the definitions of “artificial intelligence”, “digital identification”, “blockchain”, etc. The author also used the method of analysis and generalisation, which made it possible to clarify and generalise views on the essence and types of digital identification for further use in financial monitoring. Results. The article discusses various technological advancements, such as biometric identification systems, blockchain technology, artificial intelligence, and data analytics, and their application in the fight against crime. It explores how digital identification systems can help verify individuals’ identities more securely and efficiently, reducing the risk of identity theft and fraud. Additionally, it examines how financial monitoring tools can enable authorities to track suspicious transactions, detect money laundering activities, and disrupt the financing of criminal organisations. The article also addresses potential concerns and challenges associated with using these technologies, such as privacy issues, data security, and ethical considerations. Conclusions. New technologies such as biometrics (e.g., fingerprints, facial recognition, iris scans) and blockchain-based systems can improve digital identification processes. These technologies offer increased security, reduced fraud, and streamlined identity verification procedures, preventing theft and other related crimes. Advanced data analytics, machine learning, and artificial intelligence algorithms can be utilised to enhance financial monitoring systems. These technologies enable faster and more accurate identification of suspicious transactions, money laundering activities, and financial crimes. Automated systems can analyse vast amounts of data and detect patterns that would be difficult for humans to identify, thereby assisting law enforcement agencies in combatting financial crimes.

The Opportunity to Establish an Extradition Mechanism in the ASEAN

<p>Extradition is transporting a suspect or defendant to the nation where the crime was committed to be prosecuted and punished. Under international law, states are not required to enter into extradition agreements. There are impediments to the implementation of extradition, such as disparities in sovereignty principles and perspectives on offenses; in addition, this impediment exists at the regional ASEAN level, such as terrorism that can be extradited based on the UN Convention, even without an agreement, recognizing its impact on sovereignty. Therefore, the conclusion of an extradition agreement is crucial.<em> </em>Using normative research methodologies and legal perspectives, this study will explore the prospects and challenges in forging extradition agreements at the ASEAN regional level and compare them to the E.U. processes. The study's results indicate that there is still enormous potential for forming an ASEAN extradition treaty, which has made substantial progress with the 2018 provisional draught. Regional barriers and limits comparable to those encountered by ASEAN are anticipated. Therefore, an extradition convention will assist law enforcement and contribute to regional collaboration. With an extradition agreement, perpetrators can be punished by the proper state, and victims or society can be restored to justice.</p>

Inflation-Crime Nexus: A Predictive Analysis of Crime Rate Using Inflationary Indicator in Municipalities of North Cotabato, Philippines

Predicting the occurrence of robberies poses significant challenges, requiring valuable data to assist law enforcement personnel in crime prevention and solving efforts. This research paper introduces Crata, a tool that leverages linear regression to predict the robbery frequency in North Cotabato, Philippines. The development of Crata was driven by the analysis of historical data encompassing robbery incidents and inflation rates from 2010 to 2022. The research emphasizes the importance of utilizing the inflation rate as a crucial predictor in determining the robbery frequency. By incorporating this variable into the predictive model, Crata enables more accurate predictions, thus empowering law enforcement agencies with vital insights to address and mitigate crime problems proactively. The robustness and reliability of the tool were assessed through comprehensive evaluations, demonstrating its practical utility and effectiveness. This paper significantly contributes to crime prevention by providing a reliable and data-driven approach to anticipating robberies, enhancing proactive efforts to safeguard the community, and combat crimes. Further research and development are warranted to refine the tool and expand its applicability to other regions for strengthening crime prevention strategies on a broader scale.

Justice Collaborator in the Perspective of Indonesian Criminal Law

The determination of a justice collaborator is to expose and dismantle these organized criminal groups. This involves gathering information about the main actors behind the organized crimes, understanding the structure of these criminal organizations, and uncovering the activities, flow of funds, and records of these organized crimes. In this context, a justice collaborator plays a crucial role as a key to revealing criminal activities. The purpose of this research is to understand the legal provisions regarding the status of a justice collaborator in providing testimony in criminal cases and the legal protections afforded to them. Several references governing the requirements for someone to become a justice collaborator are outlined in the Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 4 of 2011 concerning treatment for Whistleblowers and Justice Collaborators, as well as Law No. 13 of 2006 concerning the protection of witnesses and victims, and other relevant legislation. The role of justice collaborator in assisting law enforcement is essential. The importance of legal protection for justice collaborators and special treatment and leniency in punishment becomes crucial to shed light on previously obscure criminal events. However, there is still no specific, clear, and definitive regulation regarding the establishment and procedural determination of a justice collaborator. Rules concerning the protection of justice collaborators should be detailed and clear since the cooperation of witness perpetrators is vital for the disclosure of crimes such as corruption, but their testimony can also expose them to significant risks that must be addressed for their protection.

Molybdenum and Tungsten isotope compositions of UO2 fuel pellets: Implications for isotopically enriched taggants

The addition of isotopically enriched taggants to material at the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle could be a powerful tool used to assist law enforcement authorities should material outside of regulatory control be found. Two potential candidates for this purpose are molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) as both elements have five or more stable isotopes and are trace elements contained within nuclear fuel. However, there is a concern that Mo and W could undergo isotope fractionation during processes like uranium enrichment and to date, it is unknown if nuclear fuels have natural Mo and W isotope compositions. If Mo and W isotopic variability is present in nuclear fuels, this would hinder the use of these elements as isotopic taggants because it would be difficult to discern the original taggant isotope composition with high confidence. Therefore, a set of 16 low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel pellets from US commercial producers was analyzed using multi collector-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS) to determine Mo and W isotope compositions (i.e., 94Mo/92Mo, 95Mo/92Mo, 96Mo/92Mo, 97Mo/92Mo, 98Mo/92Mo, 183W/182W, 184W/182W, and 186W/182W). Relative to terrestrial standards, LEU fuel pellets have variable Mo and W isotope compositions, thereby complicating the use of these elements as isotopically enriched taggants. As such, this work demonstrates that the isotope composition of any potential taggant must be well characterized in the base nuclear fuel prior to any taggant addition. Furthermore, these results suggest that Mo and W are not ideal candidates for isotopically enriched taggants.

Towards Safe Cyber Practices: Developing a Proactive Cyber-Threat Intelligence System for Dark Web Forum Content by Identifying Cybercrimes

The untraceable part of the Deep Web, also known as the Dark Web, is one of the most used “secretive spaces” to execute all sorts of illegal and criminal activities by terrorists, cybercriminals, spies, and offenders. Identifying actions, products, and offenders on the Dark Web is challenging due to its size, intractability, and anonymity. Therefore, it is crucial to intelligently enforce tools and techniques capable of identifying the activities of the Dark Web to assist law enforcement agencies as a support system. Therefore, this study proposes four deep learning architectures (RNN, CNN, LSTM, and Transformer)-based classification models using the pre-trained word embedding representations to identify illicit activities related to cybercrimes on Dark Web forums. We used the Agora dataset derived from the DarkNet market archive, which lists 109 activities by category. The listings in the dataset are vaguely described, and several data points are untagged, which rules out the automatic labeling of category items as target classes. Hence, to overcome this constraint, we applied a meticulously designed human annotation scheme to annotate the data, taking into account all the attributes to infer the context. In this research, we conducted comprehensive evaluations to assess the performance of our proposed approach. Our proposed BERT-based classification model achieved an accuracy score of 96%. Given the unbalancedness of the experimental data, our results indicate the advantage of our tailored data preprocessing strategies and validate our annotation scheme. Thus, in real-world scenarios, our work can be used to analyze Dark Web forums and identify cybercrimes by law enforcement agencies and can pave the path to develop sophisticated systems as per the requirements.

Firearms Detection to Monitor Activities of a Person Using Deep Learning Method (YOLOv4) for Smart Surveillance System

Abstract: This paper proposes a weapon detection system that utilizes the YOLOv4 algorithm to detect weapons in real-time through three features: web cam detection, IPaddress detection, and video file weapon detection. The proposed system is designed to assist law enforcement agencies andsecurity personnel in detecting andpreventing potential violent incidents inpublic places such as airports, schools, and other high-risk areas. The web cam detectionfeature of the system allows for real-timemonitoring of public places through webcams. The system processes video streams from the webcams and automaticallydetects any weapon that appears in the frame. The IP address detection feature enables the system to detect weapons in live video streams from remote cameras with assigned IP addresses. This feature expands the system's reach beyond physical locations, providing an additional layer of security. Thevideo file weapon detection feature allows the system to analyze pre-recorded video files to detect weapons that were missed during live monitoring. This feature is particularly useful for forensic analysis after an incident has occurred. Overall, this proposed weapon detection system using YOLOv4 algorithm and three features is an effective solution for real-time weapon detection in public places, increasing the security and safety of the general public.

Quo Vadis Justice Collaborator dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Formil

The emergence of the term whistleblower and justice collaborator in law enforcement processes in Indonesia provides a new atmosphere, where someone who knows or is involved in the occurrence of a crime can assist law enforcement officials in uncovering true facts, for which reason the law rewards them. in the form of leniency in sentencing to the witnesses of the cooperating perpetrators. Departing from these facts, the questions in this research are (1) Institutions authorized to make someone involved in a crime a justice collaborator, (2) obtaining status as a justice collaborator. The method used in this research is normative legal research with the statute approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The purpose of this research is to find out which institutions/agencies can make a person a justice collaborator in uncovering the occurrence of a crime.

Forensic Science in Criminalistics in Indonesia: Development and Challenges

Since the birth of forensic science until now it has developed so rapidly. the division of forensic science is so complete that it is able to assist law enforcement in carrying out the task of disclosing criminal cases. The application of forensic science has also undergone standardization that is recognized by the international community, so that in future trials, the use of forensic science can be clearly accounted for. The use of forensic science in Indonesia is the same as following international standards using standards set by the National Accreditation Agency. So that in the end it is professional staff who are needed to manpower the needs of the use of forensic science, at least being able to prevent the perpetrators of crimes from continuing their crimes.

IoT forensic analysis: A family of experiments with Amazon Echo devices

Criminal Investigations involving digital devices often focus on the analysis of mobile phones, tablets, and computers associated with the suspect or the victim. The connection of IoT devices to criminal investigations may not always be considered or understood by professionals handling the crime scene. The language, experience, and understanding needed to articulate the appropriate causes required to include IoT devices in search warrant affidavits are not always known or available to case agents overseeing the evidence-gathering portion of the investigation. For this reason, we introduce a novel methodology that shows how to locate and identify IoT device owner account information, device specifications and configurations, and the location of user activity on the device. We use this methodology to carry out a family of eight experiments on IoT devices that can assist law enforcement professionals in the construction of search warrant affidavits with information that will help satisfy the legal requirement to show evidence of a crime is likely contained on IoT devices. In this paper, we focus on Amazon Echo Show IoT devices and the legal justification for seizing and examining the devices, methods of extraction, and location of user-related artifacts on IoT device hardware. Overall, the implications of our study offer law enforcement professionals specific, practical instructions on how to deal with Amazon IoT devices involved in a crime scene. The analysis of data related to these devices is presented through practical demonstrations of these devices in action.

Kedudukan Advokat Guna Membantu Lembaga Penegak Hukum Dalam Pelaksanaan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia


 The position of an advocate is written in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2003. An advocate is a profession that is well known in the field of law. However, the existence of Article 5 paragraph 1 (one) does not yet provide an explanation of the form of meaning as a law enforcer. Particularly in the role of elements in law enforcement in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, the method used in this research is the normative juridical method which aims to explore and study various laws and regulations, discuss the position of an advocate and know the responsibilities of an advocate in assist law enforcement agencies in the implementation of criminal law in Indonesia. Data analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive qualitative. Based on the research, it was concluded that the role of lawyers in the Indonesian criminal justice system: The role of advocates in the Indonesian legal system is recognized as the police is the same as other law enforcement professions such as police, prosecutors and judges according to Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Law, therefore it is expected to practice law in a position equal to upholding the law and based on professionalism. About justice and upholding the truth. The duties, obligations, attitudes and responsibilities of an advocate as a police officer are all contained in the code of ethics of the legal profession which forms the basis of his practice.
 Keyword: Position, advocate, criminal law

Multi-lingual multi-platform investigations of online trade in jaguar parts.

We conducted research to understand online trade in jaguar parts and develop tools of utility for jaguars and other species. Our research took place to identify potential trade across 31 online platforms in Spanish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified 230 posts from between 2009 and 2019. We screened the images of animal parts shown in search results to verify if from jaguar; 71 posts on 12 different platforms in four languages were accompanied by images identified as definitely jaguar, including a total of 125 jaguar parts (50.7% posts in Spanish, 25.4% Portuguese, 22.5% Chinese and 1.4% French). Search effort varied among languages due to staff availability. Standardizing for effort across languages by dividing number of posts advertising jaguars by search time and number of individual searches completed via term/platform combinations changed the proportions the rankings of posts adjusted for effort were led by Portuguese, Chinese, and Spanish. Teeth were the most common part; 156 posts offered at least 367 teeth and from these, 95 were assessed as definitely jaguar; 71 of which could be linked to a location, with the majority offered for sale from Mexico, China, Bolivia, and Brazil (26.8, 25.4, 16.9, and 12.7% respectively). The second most traded item, skins and derivative items were only identified from Latin America: Brazil (7), followed by Peru (6), Bolivia (3), Mexico (2 and 1 skin piece), and Nicaragua and Venezuela (1 each). Whether by number of posts or pieces, the most commonly parts were: teeth, skins/pieces of skins, heads, and bodies. Our research took place within a longer-term project to assist law enforcement in host countries to better identify potential illegal trade and presents a snapshot of online jaguar trade and methods that also may have utility for many species traded online.

Peran International Criminal Police Organization/ICPO Dalam Kasus Hukum Igor Borbot Tahun 2016

United States of America and Russia are two countries that have dominant role in world politics. Both countries are frequently found themselves in conflicting relations. Conflicts between United States of America and Russia could be traced from post-World War II Era. The conflicts are varied from ideology, economy, military, even in law enforcement. But there is a unique case, in this case United States of America and Russia were able to conduct law enforcement cooperation assisted by Interpol. How ICPO/Interpol assist this cooperation? Aim of this research is to describe how ICPO/Interpol bridging United States of America and Russia which clearly have many differences on law enforcement system, to conduct a cooperation. Meanwhile a lot of cooperation could not conduct before. This research uses international organization function theory complemented by international organization and international cooperation concepts. Results of this research shows that ICPO/Interpol were able to assist law enforcement cooperation between United States is because it fulfills the functions of informative, normative, law-making, monitoring, and operational.

Ethical Hacking for a Good Cause: Finding Missing People using Crowdsourcing and Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tools

Over 600,000 people go missing every year in the US alone. Despite the extensive resources allocated to investigating these cases, the high volume of missing person cases constitutes one of the biggest challenges for law enforcement agencies. One approach to tackle this challenge is using crowdsourcing. That is, volunteers use freely available tools and techniques to aid the existing efforts to investigate missing person cases. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) refers to gathering information from publicly available sources and analyzing it through a comprehensive set of open-source tools to produce meaningful and actionable intelligence. OSINT has been applied to address various societal challenges and crimes, including environmental abuse, human rights violations, child exploitation, domestic violence, disasters, and locating missing people. Building on this premise, this case examines a crowdsourced initiative called Trace Labs that aims to assist law enforcement agencies in solving missing person cases using OSINT tools. The case emphasizes socio-technical aspects of cybersecurity, highlighting both the bright and dark sides of technology. It demonstrates the potential of information systems to serve the public good by examining topics such as open-source software, crowdsourcing, and intelligence gathering, while acknowledging that the very same underlying technology can be used for malicious purposes.

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Forensic Anthropology Research During Times of Restricted Lab Access: The Efficacy and Importance of Student-Led Surveys

The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on experiential learning have been felt by students interested in forensic anthropology casework and lab training. Without access to labs and with cancellations of courses related to hands-on learning like human osteology and forensic anthropology, students may not receive critical training necessary in their fields of interest. In this paper, we explore one potential option for engaged forensic anthropology research: the creation of skeletal research surveys that students can design and disseminate to law enforcement to better understand the nature of forensic casework in their own states. Students reported a high satisfaction rate with these survey projects and were able to build networks that helped them refine their post-graduation education and career goals. By formulating questions, creating surveys, submitting to the review board, and synthesizing data, students were able to explore forensic topics without entering a traditional lab setting during times of university lockdowns. The data from this research can be used by forensic anthropology students and professors in the future to better assist law enforcement with the identification of skeletal remains. The surveys described in this paper are easily replicated by other professors seeking to provide students with low-cost, remote forensic research opportunities.

An analysis of the characteristics and motives of the UK homicides involving acts of dismemberment

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to contribute to the evidence base by analysing the characteristics and motives of homicides involving acts of dismemberment.Design/methodology/approachThe current study explored offence, victim and offender characteristics and the motives for 71 homicides involving dismemberment using open source data. All cases included in this study were investigated in the UK between 1970 and 2016. A non-metric multi-dimensional scaling procedure smallest space analysis (SSA) was used to explore the characteristics and motives derived from a content analysis of homicide data sourced online.FindingsA distinction between expressive and instrumental characteristics was observable with three thematic regions identified: instrumental – defensive, instrumental – predatory and expressive – affective. Support was found for previously identified motives for criminal dismemberment, with defensive being the most common motive identified in 63% (N = 45) of the cases.Originality/valueThe implications of the findings are discussed with suggestions made for future research. The findings have practical implications for assisting law enforcement and forensic and clinical practitioners in further understanding offenders who engage in homicidal dismemberment. This includes aiding homicide investigations, in terms of supporting investigators to draw upon offence, victim and offender characteristics and motives for homicides involving acts of dismemberment. Differentiation between cases of dismemberment and understanding of motives also has practical implications for the development of interventions and treatment pathways for homicide offenders who dismember victims.