Assess Content Validity Research Articles

Simulation-based prostate enucleation training: Initial experience using 3D-printed organ phantoms.

Anatomical endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) is an effective treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, there is controversy regarding the difficulty of learning such a technique. Simulation-based training can mimic real-life surgeries and help surgeons develop skills they can transfer to the operating room, thereby improving patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of a novel organ phantom for use in AEEP simulation training. Participants performed AEEP on organ phantom simulators during a Masterclass using one of three energy modalities: holmium:YAG laser, thulium fiber laser, or bipolar energy. The organ phantom is composed of hydrogels and uses 3D molds to recreate prostatic tissue. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing content validity, face validity, feasibility, and acceptability of using the prostate organ phantom. The novice group consisted of 13 urologists. The median number of AEEP previously performed was 0 (interquartile range [IQR] 0-2). Two experts in AEEP (surgeons having performed over 100 AEEP interventions) also participated. All participants agreed or strongly agreed that there is a role for simulators in AEEP training. Participants positively rated the overall operative experience (7.3/10). Morcellation (4.7/10) and hemostasis (3.1/10) were deemed the least realistic steps. All participants considered it feasible to incorporate this organ phantom into training programs and 92.9% agreed that it teaches skills transferrable to the operating room. This study has established content and face validity for AEEP with three different energy sources for an organ phantom. Participants considered its use both feasible and appropriate for AEEP training purposes.

The validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Satisfaction with appearance scale for individuals with systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) can lead to visible changes in appearance which could generate concerns among patients. Thus, valid questionnaires that capture these concerns are valuable to identify and communicate appearance concerns. To determine aspects of the validity and reliability of the Swedish version of the Satisfaction with Appearance scale for individuals with SSc (SWAP-Swe in SSc). Content validity was assessed by interviews. In a cross-sectional design, construct validity was evaluated by comparing the self-reported questionnaire SWAP-Swe in SSc to the Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SSc HAQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8), RAND-36, modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS), disease duration and age using Spearman's rank correlations (rs ). Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and corrected item-to-total correlations. Test-retest reliability was investigated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Eleven patients and 10 health professionals participated in the assessment of content validity. For the other aspects of validity and reliability 134 patients (median age 62 years, women 81%, limited cutaneous SSc 75%) participated. Overall, the content validity was satisfactory. The SWAP-Swe in SSc correlated with SSc HAQ (HAQ-DI rs = 0.50, visual analogue scales rs = 0.24-0.41), PHQ-8 (rs = 0.46), RAND-36 (rs = -0.21 to -0.47), mRSS (rs = 0.28), disease duration (rs = -0.01) and age (rs = -0.15). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92, corrected item-to-total correlations ⩾ 0.45 and the ICC 0.82. The SWAP-Swe in SSc showed satisfactory content validity, sufficient and good internal consistency and sufficient test-retest reliability. It was more strongly associated with self-reported questionnaires than with physician-assessed skin involvement and age, indicating that appearance concerns in SSc seem to be multidimensional as earlier reported. Our study contributes with a thorough investigation of validity and reliability including aspects that have not been investigated before. However, evaluation of more validity aspects of the SWAP-Swe in SSc is suggested.

Content Validity Assessment of the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire in CKD Using Qualitative Methods.

Background: The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) measures individuals’ unique perceptions of their illness. While psychometric properties of the IPQ-R have been demonstrated in many disease populations, its content validity has not been extensively studied in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unique features of CKD (e.g., few symptoms in early stages) may impact the measurement of illness perceptions. The purpose of this study was to explore the IPQ-R content validity in a sample of CKD patients. Methods: Thirty-one participants completed the IPQ-R and were interviewed regarding their subscale scores (timeline, consequences, personal control, treatment control, coherence, cyclical, and emotions). Participants’ agreement with their scores was tallied and assessed qualitatively for themes related to the content validity of the measure. Results: Individual participant agreement with their subscale scores averaged 79% (range: 29–100%). Subscale agreement varied: timeline (100%), consequences, coherence, and emotion (83% each), cyclical (75%), personal control (65%), and treatment control (64%). A qualitative exploration of disagreement responses revealed concerns with the relevance and comprehensibility of personal control and treatment control. Conclusions: Some IPQ-R subscales may pose content validity concerns in the non-dialysis CKD population. Item modification for comprehensibility (personal control) and relevance (treatment control) should be considered. Future studies should explore the impact of a patient’s symptom experience on IPQ-R validity, especially in populations like CKD with a higher proportion of asymptomatic patients.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Elderly Dignity Questionnaire

Introduction: Respect for dignity is the core of nursing. Dignity assessment improves nurses’ understanding of the level of people’s need for it. Yet, there is no valid and reliable culturally-appropriate instrument for dignity assessment among elderly people in Iran. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Elderly Dignity Questionnaire (EDQ). Methods: The methodological study, EDQ items were generated based on the results of a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach into dignity and the existing literature. For qualitative and quantitative face and content validity assessments, ten experts rated item then, item impact score and content validity ratio and index were calculated. Construct validity of EDQ was assessed via the exploratory factor analysis and using the data collected from 200 elderly people. Criterion validity was tested using the Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Reliability testing was performed via the internal consistency and the test-retest stability assessments and data was collected from twenty elderly. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 13. Results: Factor analysis loaded the forty items on six factors. factor six was combined with factor five due to its limited number of items. The five factors were labeled as roles and responsibilities (twelve items), familial and social relationships (seven items), self-dignity (ten items), authorization (four items), independence, and integrity (seven items). The Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient of EDQ were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. Conclusion: This study confirms EDQ’s validity and reliability. Thus, this questionnaire can be used for dignity in the elderly.

Qualitative research with patients and caregivers of patients with PIK3CA related overgrowth spectrum: content validity of clinical outcome assessments

BackgroundPIK3CA-Related Overgrowth Spectrum (PROS) are rare syndromes caused by a mutation in the PIK3CA gene, including fibroadipose hyperplasia or overgrowth; congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi, scoliosis/skeletal and spinal (CLOVES); megalencephaly-capillary malformation (MCAP or M-CM); fibro-adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA); Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KT; also known as, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome); capillary, lymphatic, and venous malformations (CLVM); and lymphatic malformation (LM). Characterized by malformations and tissue overgrowth, PROS manifests at birth or in early childhood. Pain and functional limitations associated with these conditions may greatly impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of persons with PROS including physical functioning, work/school, social functioning, and emotional well-being.ResultsSelected clinical outcome assessments (COAs), identified during a literature review, were tested with adults with PROS, and children with PROS and their caregivers to determine comprehensibility, relevance, and appropriateness for measuring symptom severity and HRQoL. Tested were the Patient Global Impression of Symptom Severity (PGI-S), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Wong-Baker FACES, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Profile, PROMIS Pediatric Short Form Sleep Disturbance, and PROMIS Dyspnea Severity. Qualitative interviews tested the self-report adult, self-report pediatric, and observer-report COAs with adults with PROS, and children with PROS and their caregivers.Ten adults (≥ 18 years old) with PROS, and 20 children (6–17 years old) with PROS and their caregivers, participated. All reported positive feedback on item relevance. Adults and children over the age of 12 comprehended and responded to self-reported items. Secondary objectives examined the age children could self-report their conditions using pediatric versions and assessed available observer-report versions of the COAs with caregivers. Some participants under the age of 12 had trouble understanding some terminology. Further, adults and children with cognitive impairment associated with MCAP/M-CM sometimes had difficulty with self-report. Caregivers were able to report their child’s symptoms and impacts using observer-report COAs. Participant feedback prompted further consideration of the measurement of pain in this population, including variability of pain over time, location of pain, and type.ConclusionsThis study provided valuable information from patients about PROS, supporting the content validity of the COAs, with recommended revisions. COAs are easily understood by persons with PROS and caregivers and are appropriate for measuring symptoms and disease-related impacts across diverse PROS syndromes in clinical trials.

Three-Nation Comparison of Content Validity of the Environmental Assessment Tool-Higher Care

This study reports on the cultural adaptation of the Environmental Assessment Tool-Higher Care (EAT-HC) in Germany, Japan, and Singapore. The purpose is to compare the content validity assessment, focusing on common and unique challenges encountered by each nation. In Germany, the security through environmental safety features and segregation of residents is highly debatable. Japan's challenge is for gerontologists to work closely with facility directors and architects to balance the cultural aspects of design. In Singapore, there is a gap in dementia design literacy for healthcare practitioners and designers. Identifying culturally sensitive aspects benefits further adaptation of the EAT-HC worldwide.

Development and Validation of the Italian "Brief Five-Item Chronic Pain Questionnaire" for Epidemiological Studies.

BackgroundChronic pain (CP) prevalence estimates addressing a wide phenotype are still quite fragmented and may vary widely due to the lack of standardized tools of investigation. There is an urgent need to update general population CP estimates.MethodsFor this purpose, the Brief Five-item Chronic Pain Questionnaire was developed through experts’ consultations for design and content validity assessment; literature analysis of measures used to investigate CP for general population surveys; understandability evaluation through a survey on a convenience sample of affected and non-affected individuals; reliability assessment by means of two double-wave online surveys carried out by the Italian Twin Registry; criterion and construct validity assessment through the third wave of the 2019 European Health Interview Survey (Ehis).ResultsKey dimensions were defined to describe CP main aspects from a public health perspective. Literature analysis showed that validated questionnaires were rarely used to address important public health CP aspects. Understandability of the measure was good. Test-retest analyses showed adequate reliability of the measure: k values were at least “moderate” with highest values regarding CP “occurrence” and “intensity”. Correlations of CP with well-known comorbidities (cancer, depression), and specific traits (age, education) as well as of CP and its intensity with “physical pain occurrence and intensity” detected in the Ehis 2019, confirmed, respectively, a good construct and criterion validity. Construct validity was also evaluated through the correlation between “perceived treatment effectiveness” and “interference of pain in daily life activities” as recorded in the Ehis 2019.ConclusionThe designed questionnaire is a brief self-administered measure, particularly suitable to detect persistent states of pain and related intensity in large-scale general population surveys by means of a first filtering item followed by four further items. It is, in fact, designed to detect CP possible underlying causes/triggers, drugs/treatments taking and frequency, and self-perceived effectiveness among CP sufferers. Further validation of the measure in different social and cultural contexts is desirable.

Establishing the Content Validity of a Student Pharmacist Patient Counseling Competency Assessment in Oncology

Objective. The goal of this project was to establish content validity and describe internal consistency of a patient counseling competency assessment instrument used to evaluate student pharmacists practicing in an oncology setting.Methods. The study involved a modified e-Delphi panel of oncology clinical pharmacy specialists, clinical pharmacy generalists, and oncology pharmacy residents. Iterative rounds of the e-Delphi process were conducted until consensus was reached on most instrument items. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 75% of participants that an item was or was not important.Results. The modified e-Delphi process included three rounds of responses from 13 panelists and resulted in a 35-item instrument with consensus reached on 33/35 (94%) of the items. All participants indicated that the assessment result options allowed them to indicate the student's level of competency either extremely well or very well.Conclusion. A modified e-Delphi method was used to validate a reliable instrument for the assessment of student pharmacist counseling abilities in an oncology setting. Similar methodology should be considered during the development of student assessment tools, especially for high-impact student pharmacist activities such as chemotherapeutic medication counseling.

Adaptation of the Person-Centered Maternity Care Scale in the United States: Prioritizing the Experiences of Black Women and Birthing People.

Mistreatment by health care providers disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous, and other people of color in the United States. The goal of this study is to adapt the global Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) scale for use in the United States, with particular attention to the experiences of Black women and birthing people. We used a community-engaged approach including expert reviews and cognitive interviews to assess content validity, relevance, comprehension, and comprehensiveness of the PCMC items. Surveys of 297 postpartum people, 82% of whom identified as Black, were used for psychometric analysis in which we assessed construct and criterion validity and reliability. The University of California, San Francisco California Preterm Birth Initiative's Community Advisory Board, which consists of community members, community-based health workers, and social service providers in Northern California, provided input during all stages of the project. Through an iterative process of factor analysis, discussions with the Community Advisory Board, and a prioritization survey, we eliminated items that performed poorly in psychometric analysis, yielding a 35-item PCMC-U.S. scale with subscales for dignity and respect, communication and autonomy, and responsive and supportive care. The Cronbach's alpha for the full scale is 0.95 and for the subscales is 0.87. Standardized summative scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more PCMC. Correlations with related measures indicated high criterion validity. The 35-item PCMC-U.S. scale and its subscales have high validity and reliability in a sample of predominantly Black women. This scale provides a tool to support efforts to reduce the inequities in birth outcomes experienced by Black, Indigenous, and other people of color.

Validity and reproducibility of C-Mill walking-adaptability assessment in polio survivors

BackgroundThe C-Mill interactive treadmill allows for a safe walking-adaptability assessment, unveiling reduced walking adaptability in polio survivors compared to healthy individuals, possibly related to their high fall rate. However, evidence on its validity and reproducibility is scarce. Research questionWhat is the validity and reproducibility of C-Mill walking-adaptability assessment in polio survivors? MethodsPolio survivors with a history and/or fear of falling (n = 46) performed two walking-adaptability assessments, 1–2 weeks apart, including target-stepping tests (with 0%, 20% and 30% inter-target variance) and obstacle-avoidance tests (anticipatory and reactive). We examined (1) face validity by determining Group effects (for subgroups stratified for fall frequency, fear of falling and leg muscle weakness) and Condition effects (for difficulty level) on walking-adaptability outcomes, (2) construct validity by correlating walking-adaptability and balance outcomes, and (3) content validity by establishing possible ceiling effects. We determined whether face-validity findings were reproducible over test occasions and calculated Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) and the 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA) for walking-adaptability outcomes. ResultsWalking-adaptability outcomes differed in to-be-expected directions for subgroups stratified for fall frequency and leg muscle weakness and for difficulty levels, all reproducible over test occasions. Correlations between walking-adaptability and balance outcomes were mainly low (r < 0.587). Ceiling effects were present for anticipatory obstacle-avoidance and balance outcomes, but not for reactive obstacle avoidance. ICCs [95% confidence intervals] were good for the challenging 20% (0.80[0.67–0.88]) and 30% target-stepping conditions (0.74[0.57–0.85]) and for the reactive obstacle-avoidance (0.76[0.59–0.86]) condition, but not for 0% target-stepping and anticipatory obstacle–avoidance (ICC<0.62) conditions. Likewise, the narrowest LoA were observed for the 20% and 30% target-stepping conditions. SignificanceWe proved face, construct and content validity of C-Mill walking-adaptability assessment in polio survivors with a history of falls and/or fear of falling. Adding walking-adaptability assessment, particularly the more challenging tests given their superior reproducibility, to currently used clinical tests could improve fall-risk evaluation in this population.

Persian translation and validation of community attitudes toward the mentally ill scale: a tool for assessing social stigma about mental illness.

No study, best of our knowledge, has been conducted on assessing the validity and reliability of community attitudes toward the mentally ill (CAMI) inventory in Iran. The questionnaire was translated into Persian and then returned to English. Content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), impact score (IS) to assess content validity, Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was used to prove the internal and external reliabilities, respectively. The questionnaires were distributed to 130 people from different levels of society. Some were in contact with at least one patient with mental illness and some others had no connection. After 2 weeks, the questionnaires were resent to 50 participants to evaluate the reliability using the test-retest method. All questions had CVI (>0.79) and CVR (>0.49) except for three questions (Q 10, 24, and 30), which were excluded from the questionnaire. The questions were relevant, clear, simple, and valid. The IS was more than 1.5. The Cronbach's alpha values of four subscales including authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community mental health ideology were recorded as 0.61, 0.49, 0.64, and 0.76, respectively. The CAMI scale is a valid and sustainable tool over time to assess the negative attitude toward mental illness.

Validity and Reliability of Needs Analysis Questionnaire for Dyscalculia Instrument

Dyscalculia is a specific learning difficulty in Mathematics. Intervention instrument is needed to assist the pupils to overcome their learning difficulties during this situation. Thus, this paper presents the evaluation of validity and reliability of a needs analysis questionnaire to investigate the needs to design and develop a dyscalculia instrument. This four-point Likert-type scale questionnaire consisted of 46 items that represented four constructs. The assessment of content validity is done through nine domain experts. Content validity index and Kappa statistics were implemented for content validity. After the validity analysis, one construct with low scale content validity index (S-CVI) and another three items with low item content validity index (I-CVI) and Kappa statistics had been removed. Overall, a number of 13 items had been removed and 33 items had been retained. Subsequently, reliability analysis was done by carrying out a pilot test. During the pilot test, the questionnaire had been implemented among 30 Mathematics teachers to obtain the Cronbach’s Alpha value. One item had been removed after the reliability analysis due to the low value of [corrected item-total correlation] and 32 items were retained. Thereafter, the questionnaire was ready to be used for data collection in the actual study. As stated in the preceding statement, it will assist teachers in identifying problems and planning appropriate interventions to meet the needs of dyscalculic students.

Validation of the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) to assess the degree of inter-professional collaboration (IPC) in a Community Hospital in Singapore

The Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) is a self-administered questionnaire that can be used to measure the degree of inter-professional collaboration (IPC) within a healthcare team. However, the CPAT has not been validated in Singapore, and there is currently no validated instrument to measure the degree of IPC among healthcare professionals in Singapore. To validate the CPAT in a community hospital (CH) in Singapore. Data was collected prospectively from 148 participants from a CH in Singapore from October 2019 to April 2020. Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) framework, we assessed content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the CPAT. We started by assessing content validity through cognitive interviews with healthcare professionals. We assessed construct validity by testing 12 a priori hypotheses on the correlation of CPAT domain scores with global impression and Assessment of Inter-professional Team Collaboration Scale (AITCS). We assessed internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha and assessed test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between responses at 2 time points (baseline and 2 weeks). From the responses of the 148 participants, we established construct validity by meeting >75% of the hypotheses formulated a priori. We showed high internal consistency in 7 domains (Cronbach's alpha >0.7) of the CPAT, and moderate internal consistency in one domain (Cronbach's alpha = 0.63) of the CPAT. We also demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability in seven domains of the CPAT (ICC >0.5). This study provides support for the content validity, construct validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the CPAT to measure the degree of inter-professional collaboration in a community hospital in Singapore. This enables clinicians and researchers to use the CPAT to measure the interventions to enhance inter-professional collaboration in Singapore.

Development and validation of a tool for advising primiparous women during early labour: study protocol for the GebStart Study

IntroductionPregnant women experience early labour with different physical and emotional symptoms. Early admission to hospital has been found to be associated with increased intervention and caesarean section rates. However, primiparous...

The Suprasellar Meningioma Patient-Reported Outcome Survey: a disease-specific patient-reported outcome measure for resection of suprasellar meningioma.

Suprasellar meningioma resection via either the transcranial approach (TCA) or the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) is an area of controversy and active evaluation. Skull base surgeons increasingly consider patient-reported outcomes (PROs) when choosing an approach. No PRO measure currently exists to assess quality of life for suprasellar meningiomas. Adult patients undergoing suprasellar meningioma resection between 2013 and 2019 via EEA (n = 14) or TCA (n = 14) underwent semistructured interviews. Transcripts were coded using a grounded theory approach to identify themes as the basis for a PRO measure that includes all uniquely reported symptoms. To assess content validity, 32 patients and 15 surgeons used a Likert scale to rate the relevance of items on the resulting questionnaire and the general Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-29 (PROMIS29). The mean scores were calculated for all items and compared for TCA versus EEA patient cohorts by using unpaired t-tests. Items on either questionnaire with mean scores ≥ 2.0 from patients were considered meaningful and were aggregated to form the novel Suprasellar Meningioma Patient-Reported Outcome Survey (SMPRO) instrument. Qualitative analyses resulted in 55 candidate items. Relative to patients who underwent the EEA, those who underwent the TCA reported significantly worse future outlook before surgery (p = 0.01), tiredness from medications 2 weeks after surgery (p = 0.001), and word-finding and memory difficulties 3 months after surgery (p = 0.05 and < 0.001, respectively). The items that patients who received a TCA were most concerned about included medication-induced lethargy after surgery (2.9 ± 1.3), blurry vision before surgery (2.7 ± 1.5), and difficulty reading due to blurry vision before surgery (2.7 ± 2.7). Items that patients who received an EEA were most concerned about included blurry vision before surgery (3.5 ± 1.3), difficulty reading due to blurry vision before surgery (2.4 ± 1.3), and problems with smell postsurgery (2.9 ± 1.3). Although surgeons overall overestimated how concerned patients were about questionnaire items (p < 0.0005), the greatest discrepancies between patient and surgeon relevance scores were for blurry vision pre- and postoperatively (p < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively) and problems with taste postoperatively (p < 0.001). Seventeen meningioma-specific items were considered meaningful, supplementing 8 significant PROMIS29 items to create the novel 25-item SMPRO. The authors developed a disease- and approach-specific measure for suprasellar meningiomas to compare quality of life by operative approach. If demonstrated to be reliable and valid in future studies, this instrument may assist patients and providers in choosing a personalized surgical approach.

0703 Development of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaire for Use in Clinical Practice

Abstract Introduction An American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) task force identified a need for a valid, reliable, patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to monitor obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults in clinical practice. Ideally, the PROM should be easy and quick to complete (&amp;lt;5 minutes), available electronically, and accepted by clinicians treating OSA. Development of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Questionnaire (OSA-Q) was undertaken to meet this need and was guided by the 2009 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance for Industry on developing PROMs. Methods Development of the OSA-Q included interviews with patients with OSA (n=14) to identify important concepts to them, conceptual model and draft questionnaire formulation, and cognitive interviews (n=14) to assess content validity and guide revisions to wording, item comprehension and redundancies, recall period, and response options. Usability of the electronic version of the OSA-Q was then assessed in patients with OSA. Finally, acceptability and utility of the OSA-Q in clinical practice was evaluated by surveying clinicians in ten geographically-dispersed US sleep clinics. Results Patient interviews were used to construct a conceptual model for the draft OSA-Q which served as a basis for generating 44 items about daytime/night-time symptoms and OSA impacts. Cognitive interviews identified poorly worded, ambiguous, and redundant items to inform revisions, resulting in a revised draft OSA-Q (3 domains, 28 items). Subsequently, clinicians (n=13) administered the draft OSA-Q to five patients each, obtained patients’ feedback on the OSA-Q, and completed a survey regarding its comprehensiveness, format/content, utility, and acceptability in clinical practice. These clinicians endorsed the OSA-Q for ease of use, language simplicity, convenience of electronic platform, and speed of completion (3-5 min). They also indicated that the OSA-Q would be useful in clinical practice and enhance patient communications (69% and 77%, respectively). The OSA-Q was revised and finalized for psychometric testing, based on clinician comments. Conclusion A new AASM-supported PROM to monitor OSA in clinical practice has been developed, including the patients’ perspective according to FDA guidance. This OSA-Q shows content validity and is positively perceived by clinicians. Psychometric testing of the OSA-Q is underway to establish its measurement properties and demonstrate its validity, reliability, and sensitivity to change in patients with OSA. Support (If Any) This work was funded by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine.

Content validity of a psychological e-health program of self-control and motivation for adults with excess weight.

Excess weight requires multidisciplinary treatment, including psychology in face-to-face and e-health interventions. The need to analyse interventions' content validity has become evident. The objective is to assess content validity of a psychological e-health program of self-control and motivation for adults with excess weight. Six health professionals (a nutritionist, a personal trainer, physician and three psychologists) evaluated the content validity of the program. The results showed that the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) was 1 (the maximum value) for 11 of the 22 activities that comprise the program. This index fluctuated between 0.83 and 0.85 for the other activities, and the scale-level content validity index was greater than 0.90 for the four modules. In terms of relevance, effectiveness and appropriateness, 90%, 65% and 60% of the activities, respectively, obtained the maximum possible I-CVI, while the index was acceptable for the remainder of the activities. This is the first study about content validity of a psychological program for adults with excess weight in Mexico and it supported that the content program was suitable, and it may be used as a part of multidisciplinary treatments. This study also highlights the importance of involving an expert review in the development of intervention programs. This intervention program may be useful in the context of a multidisciplinary intervention; however, it is important to conduct studies to evaluate its efficacy.

Quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic: a community-based study in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt

BackgroundThe sudden transmission of the novel coronavirus along with instant measures taken in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused many new challenges adversely disturbing quality of life (QoL). The objective of this study is to measure quality of life of the public during the COVID-19 pandemic and factors affecting it among adults.MethodsThis is a community-based cross-sectional household study with analytic component conducted in an agricultural area in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt and included 500 individuals. Data were collected through a structured interview, and the collected data included socio-demographic characteristics as well as some data related to their habits and comorbidities, their experience with COVID-19 and data about QoL using the COV19-Impact on Quality of Life (COV19-QoL) scale Arabic version, after assessing Content validity and reliability.ResultsThe total QoL score (mean ± standard deviation) is 2.3 ± 0.6 and the score for QoL in general and perception of danger on personal safety show the highest mean with 2.6 ± 0.7. The lowest mean score is related to the perception of mental health deterioration (1.9 ± 0.8). Independent predictors of the total QoL scale are sex (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.02 to 0.2), p value = 0.02), monthly income (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.004 to 0.2), p value = 0.04), knowing someone infected with COVID-19 (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.15 (0.08 to 0.3), p value = 0.001), and data collection time (regression coefficient (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.006 to 0.2), p value = 0.04).ConclusionsCOVID-19 pandemic has impacted the public quality of life, particularly in terms of general quality of life and personal safety. People with substantial predictors of lower quality of life should be given more attention.

Coaching Servant Leadership: Scale Development and Validation.

This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring coaching servant leadership in different contexts (Japan and the United States). First, potential items were collected in Japan using both deductive (i.e., literature review) and inductive (i.e., surveys among 103 coaches and 34 university students) approaches and narrowed down via content validity assessment by 10 experts. Next, quantitative studies were conducted to validate the scale's construct validity, among 936 high school athletes from Japan. Finally, the scale's applicability to the US context was demonstrated, among 278 university athletes in the US. The analyses resulted in a six-factor model with 17 items to assess coaching servant leadership behaviors: (1) acceptance; (2) shared vision; (3) empowerment; (4) dedication; (5) humility; and (6) winning second. In conclusion, this study developed a coaching servant leadership scale by applying both deductive and inductive approaches and deemed it applicable not only in Japan but also in the US. It is anticipated that future studies will examine the impact of coaching servant leadership on athletes in detail, with findings applied in practice for the development of coaches.

Impact of Measurement Variability on Study Inference in Partner Violence Prevention Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

In lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs), studies of interventions to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) are expanding, yet measurement equivalence of the IPV construct-the primary outcome in these investigations-has not been established. We assessed the measurement equivalence of physical and sexual IPV item sets used in recent trials in LMICs and tested the impact of noninvariance on study inference. With data from four intervention trials (N = 3,545) completed before 2020, we used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis to assess invariance across arms, over time, and across studies. We also calculated average treatment effects adjusting for covariate imbalance to assess concordance with published results. Most items functioned equivalently within studies at baseline and end line. Some evidence of longitudinal noninvariance was observed in at least one study arm in three studies, but did not meaningfully affect latent means or effect-size estimates. Evidence of partial invariance across studies at baseline and strict invariance over time was observed. Common measures of physical and sexual IPV were valid for measuring intervention impact in these samples. The study highlights the need for harmonized use of the tested scale, content validity assessments, and routine measurement equivalence testing to ensure valid inferences about intervention effectiveness.