Assessment Of Structural Changes Research Articles

АНАЛИЗ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВЫХ СКАНОВ ЧЕРВЕОБРАЗНОГО ОТРОСТКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПОДОЗРЕНИЕМ НА ОСТРЫЙ АППЕНДИЦИТ

Objective. Comprehensive assessment of structural changes in the appendix vermiformis (AV), visualized during its ultrasound examination in patients with suspected acute appendicitis (AA), finding parallels between the ultrasound image of changes in the AV and histological findings, clinical diagnosis, and patient treatment method. Material and methods. 136 patients examined at the Ultrasound Department were admitted on an emergency basis due to suspicion of AA: 94 (69.1%) were women and 42 (30.9%) were men. The group of patients who were operated consisted of 65 (44.1%) patients, while the non-operated group consisted of 71 (55.9%) patients. All patients underwent ultrasound of the right iliac area, and ultrasound scans of the AV were saved and analyzed retrospectively. Each ultrasound scan was analyzed based on the following criteria: vertical diameter of AV, cross-sectional area of AV, degree of deformation of AV, thickness of each layer of AV separately, total wall thickness of AV, degree of differentiation of individual layers of AV, contrast of AV wall layers, diameter of AV lumen, contents of the AV lumen, presence of echogenicity in the contents of the AV lumen. Results. Among the studied parameters of AV, four criteria showed correlation with histological findings, clinical diagnosis, and patient treatment method at p≤0.05: vertical diameter, cross-sectional area, muscular layer thickness, contents in the lumen. The criterion "vertical diameter of AV 6 mm or more" had a sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 66%, and accuracy of 77% for histological findings; for clinical diagnosis – 75%, 78%, 76%, respectively; for surgery probability prediction – 81%, 57%, 70%, respectively. The criterion "cross-sectional area more than 30 mm2" had a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 57%, and accuracy of 78% for histological findings; for clinical diagnosis – 75%, 78%, 76%, respectively; for surgery probability prediction – 87%, 42%, 65%, respectively. The criterion "muscular layer thickness 0.7 mm or more" had a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 71%, and accuracy of 67% for histological findings; for clinical diagnosis – 42%, 76%, 56% respectively; for surgery probability prediction – 32%, 86%, 65%. When analyzing the effectiveness of using criteria for appendicitis, patients were divided into groups based on the diameter of the AV: patients with AV diameter up to 6 mm, patients with AV diameter 6-8 mm, patients with AV diameter more than 8 mm. The implementation of additional criteria showed its effectiveness in the group with AV diameter 6-8 mm: the accuracy of diagnosing phlegmonous AA increases based on this additional criteria. Conclusions. Based on ultrasound data, it is possible to distinguish patients with gangrenous and phlegmonous AA from patients with other forms of AA, and from patients without AA. During the study, the effectiveness of using additional criteria for AA such as cross-sectional area of AV, contents in the lumen, muscular layer thickness in AV diameter from 6 to 8 mm was revealed. The use of ultrasound criteria alone is not sufficient to determine the treatment strategy for the patient and should be combined with the clinical presentation of the disease.

Ultrasound assessment of structural changes in peripheral nerves of extremities after amputation in case of gunshot injury

Ultrasound assessment of structural changes in peripheral nerves of extremities after amputation in case of gunshot injury

Термічне розширення аморфних халькогенідних матеріалів в околі температури склування

The patterns of thermal expansion of chalcogenide materials in the temperature range from room temperature to the beginning of deformation of the samples under the action of the measured force of the dilatometer cell were investigated. Above the glass transition temperature, the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of stabilized samples increases dramatically. For tempered glasses, the course of the temperature dependences of the relative elongation of the samples significantly depends on their thermal history and is of a complex nature. According to dilatometric measurements, the characteristic temperatures of the glass transition interval were determined, a qualitative assessment of structural changes was made depending on the temperature-time regimes of synthesis and annealing of chalcogenide glasses.

Comparative assessment of structural changes in the prostate after bipolar plasma and thulium fiber laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia

Background. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disease in older men. Transurethral surgery in BPH is the gold standard for treatment, but the techniques differ in the energy used. Considering the different mechanisms of action of bipolar plasma and thulium fiber laser energy on prostate tissue, the study of structural changes under their influence is relevant.The aim. To study the features of structural changes in the prostate during bipolar plasma and thulium fiber laser enucleation of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Methods. Thirty one patients with BPH were divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 17) underwent transurethral plasma enucleation of the prostate; Group 2 (n = 14) underwent transurethral thulium fiber laser enucleation. Fragments of the surgical prostate capsule were collected intraoperatively and were processed according to standard examination protocols using light and electron microscopy. The width of coagulation necrosis, the relief of the dissection line, the severity of cell and the prostate intercellular matrix destruction were taken into account.Results. Studies have shown the clinical and functional perioperative homology of the compared methods of surgical treatment of BPH. Data from light and electron prostate microscopy showed a greater damaging effect of bipolar plasma energy, which is manifested by a larger width of the zone of coagulation necrosis, a torn and raised appearance of the dissection line, and pronounced integrity violations of cellular elements and intercellular matrix components. Laser exposure causes less pronounced changes, which indicates a more gentle effect of the thulium fiber laser on the prostate components.Conclusion. The obtained microscopy results indicate that the intraoperative action of a thulium fiber laser is less traumatic for the cells and intercellular matrix of the surgical prostate capsule compared to bipolar plasma exposure.

Assessment of structural changes in stable development of the country

Assessment of structural changes in stable development of the country

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS AND PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SAMARKAND REGION IN RECENT YEARS

This article presents scientific conclusions and suggestions on the analysis of the regional development of small business and private entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it, the socio-economic aspects of the development of the sector and the assessment of structural changes.

Advances in COPD imaging using CT and MRI: linkage with lung physiology and clinical outcomes.

Recent years have witnessed major advances in lung imaging in patients with COPD. These include significant refinements in images obtained by computed tomography (CT) scans together with the introduction of new techniques and software that aim for obtaining the best image whilst using the lowest possible radiation dose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also emerged as a useful radiation-free tool in assessing structural and more importantly functional derangements in patients with well-established COPD and smokers without COPD, even before the existence of overt changes in resting physiological lung function tests. Together, CT and MRI now allow objective quantification and assessment of structural changes within the airways, lung parenchyma and pulmonary vessels. Furthermore, CT and MRI can now provide objective assessments of regional lung ventilation and perfusion, and multinuclear MRI provides further insight into gas exchange; this can help in structured decisions regarding treatment plans. These advances in chest imaging techniques have brought new insights into our understanding of disease pathophysiology and characterising different disease phenotypes. The present review discusses, in detail, the advances in lung imaging in patients with COPD and how structural and functional imaging are linked with common resting physiological tests and important clinical outcomes.

Alternative indicators for assessing structural shifts in the economy

Introduction. Structural changes require a comprehensive assessment of their parameters, since the level of reflection of such analytical data depends on the understanding of the process of transformation of the economic system, and, consequently, the possibility of intensifying the formation of trends in economic development. Depending on the objectives of the analysis, as well as on the amount of available statistical or other necessary information, it is possible to use indices, coefficients and other indicators that identify structural changes in the economy, which are most adapted to the needs of consolidating analytical data. The priority of choosing one or another indicator of structural shifts should be based on parallel comparative calculations of adjacent indices in order to most clearly reflect the processes under study. The purpose of the paper is to study the methodological foundations and features of the use of alternative coefficients for the analysis and assessment of structural changes in the economy. Results. Structural shifts in the economy are the change in the state of related elements of the economic system at different levels of its functioning that are accompanied by qualitative changes in their relationship and are characterized by fluctuations in proportion of their ratio, expressed in quantitative characteristics, which may be due to endo - and exogenous factors. Methods of evaluation of structural changes can be divided into four groups: basic indicators; differentiated indicators; integral coefficients; alternative and baseline indicators of the optimal structure of the economy. The methodical bases of the evaluation of structural shifts in the economy based on integrated groups of indicators, proposals to the methodology of evaluation of some integral coefficients had researched. The paper examines the methodical bases for assessing structural shifts in the economy on the basis of allocation and interpretation of an alternative group of indicators, proposes to improve the methodology for determining some coefficients. Conclusion. It is substantiated that the deepening of research on methods for assessing structural changes in the economy is a necessary prerequisite for the formation of effective directions for managing the structure of the economy and is an important element in ensuring the comprehensive development of the national economy.

Raman Spectroscopy Unfolds the Fate and Transformation of SWCNTs after Abrasive Wear of Epoxy Floor Coatings.

Nanomaterials are integrated within consumer products to enhance specific properties of interest. Their release throughout the lifecycle of nano-enabled products raises concerns; specifically, mechanical strains can lead to the generation of fragmented materials containing nanomaterials. We investigated the potential release of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs-brand TUBALL™) from epoxy composite materials. A pin-on-disk-type tribometer was used for the accelerated mechanical aging of the nanocomposites. A pristine nanocomposite material, abraded material and debris obtained from the abrasion in the tribometer were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The airborne-produced particles were captured using particle collectors. Stat Peel's Identifier C2 system was used to monitor the SWCNT content of respirable particles produced during the abrasion test. The SWCNT amounts found were below the LoQ. The Raman spectra conducted on the Stat Peel filters helped identify the presence of free SWCNTs released from the epoxy matrix, although they were notably scarce. Raman spectroscopy has been proved to be a crucial technique for the identification, characterization and assessment of structural changes and degradation in SWCNTs that occurred during the abrasion experiments.

МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЛАЦЕНТ ЖЕНЩИН ПРИ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ, ОСЛОЖНЁННОЙ СИНДРОМОМ ЗАДЕРЖКИ РАЗВИТИЯ ПЛОДА

Objective: To present the morphological features of placentas in pregnancies with hypertension and fetal growth restriction syndrome (FGRS) Methods: Eighty-six placentas in pregnancies with FGRS on the background of arterial hypertension are examined. Among them, there were 34 placentas from patients with chronic arterial hypertension (CAH), 24 placentas from patients with preeclampsia (PE), and 28 placentas from patients with PE in combination with CAH. All pregnant women underwent a Doppler ultrasound investigation. FGRS was diagnosed if uteroplacental-fetal circulatory disorders were combined with small for gestational age fetal size. Various types of hypertensive disorders were diagnosed in accordance with WHO recommendations. A comprehensive assessment of structural changes in the placentas included macroscopic examination, organometry and histological evaluation complemented by morphometry. Results: Placental hypoplasia, dominating magistral pattern of chorionic blood vessels, infarction foci, thrombosis of the intervillous space, and compensatory angiomatosis of the chorionic villi are the typical features of the placentas in pregnanсies with FGRS and the background hypertension. Histological signs of chorionic villi ischemia indicate placentation disorders and a decreased intensity of angiogenesis in the uteroplacental circulation. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy associated with endothelial dysfunction lead to placental insufficiency (PI), causing FGRS. Keywords: Pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, placental insufficiency, hypertensive disorders, morphological evaluation..

Enhancing Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis through Deep Learning-Based Classification of 3D MRI Images

This paper presents a deep learning-based model developed to accurately classify Parkinson's disease patients using 3D MRI scans and data augmentation techniques. The study aimed to address the research question of whether this approach could effectively detect structural changes indicative of Parkinson's disease and enhance diagnostic accuracy. The model utilized 3D brain MRI scans from the midbrain region and leveraged the domain of data augmentation to expand the dataset and improve generalizability. The testing accuracy of the model was evaluated with and without data augmentation to further understand it's applicability. The paper demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model in classifying Parkinson's disease patients from healthy controls, achieving a testing accuracy of up to 90.13% with data augmentation. The incorporation of data augmentation led to a significant 15.53% increase in accuracy compared to the model without augmentation. The utilization of 3D MRI scans allowed for a more comprehensive assessment of structural changes associated with the disease, and it is intuitive to believe that shuch efficient predictions can facilitate earlier treatment and better patient outcomes.

Ecological approaches to the formation of sustainable rural development

The article deals with the features of the functioning and development of rural areas as the basis for the formation of social infrastructure in the educational field. The author studies basic problems and the state of the program for the development of rural areas, analyzes indicators of socio-economic development, creates a program of social infrastructure in the framework of the development of the national project “Education”, applies the method of forecasting key indicators. Moreover, the author studies the features of developing rural areas analyzing key cost parameters; develops approaches to predicting changes in key cost indicators for the maintenance of preschool and educational institutions; considers the relationship of the most significant factors of their functioning. Due to a quantitative assessment of structural changes, the forecast values of costs for future periods have been revealed. It has been established that the resulting method can optimally organize the development process of an organization, thanks to a well-thought-out algorithm for calculating predicted values, and can be used for any organization in the social and cultural sphere. The author makes conclusions about prospects for developing rural areas in the context of the development program. The proposed action plan for managing costs in terms of maintaining social infrastructure facilities contributes to optimizing the process of making managerial decisions, takes into account relevant costs, simplifies the choice of the preferred option for solving the problem.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dementia

Background: Dementia is a condition of elderly individuals, marked with emotional and cognitive disabilities which are severe enough to impair their routine daily life and its quality. It is mainly a disease affecting elderly population with an approximate prevalence rate of 1% at the age of 60 years and quadruples every 10 years, up to 30%–50% by the age of 85 years. There are about 5.5 crore people suffering with dementia with more than 60% in developing countries.To overcome this, a multipronged strategy with timely diagnosis is the need of the hour. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted at the Department of Radiodiagnosis and Department of Psychiatry of J. N. Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, over a period of 2 years. Forty-five patients in the age group of more than 55 years who presented with the complaints of cognitive impairment and were referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) head after clinical examination and Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE) score assessment were included in the study. On MRI images are assessed using the Global Cortical Atrophy (GCA) scale, medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy scale, and Fazekas Scale, then findings are correlated with clinical MMSE scores. Results: There were 45 patients with the age group of more than 50 years, among 66.67% of patients were males and 33.33% of patients were females. In 60.00% of patients, socioeconomic status was lower middle class, 46.67% of patients were illiterate followed by studied till primary school (22.22%). In 66.67% of patients, mini–mental score examination score was mild. Among the imaging scales, 82.22% of patients showed moderate GCA scale; in 55.56% of patients, interpretation of MTL atrophy scale was widening of choroid fissure and temporal horn of lateral ventricle. 33.33% of patients showed Fazekas 3 Scale with large confluent lesions. All these imaging scales showed a significant negative correlation with MMSE scores. Conclusion: MRI plays an important role in the assessment of structural changes in patients presenting with cognitive impairment as well as it points toward the diagnosis of certain type of dementia depending on the involvement of specific areas or lesions and their distribution in the cerebral hemispheres. Visual assessment using various scales has helped in assessing the severity as well as possible type. There has been establishment of significant correlation between the MRI scales of atrophy and clinical MMSE scoring system.

STRUCTURAL REACTIONS OF CD-1 MICE HEART AND LIVER TO A SINGLE INJECTION OF BOROCAPTATE SODIUM

Boron neutron capture therapy is considered a promising method for the treatment of malignant tumors of the head and neck. It is believed that to increase the effectiveness of this type of therapy, the use of large doses of boron is required, which may entail damaging effects on healthy tissue. One of the substances used in the clinical practice of boron neutron capture therapy is sodium boroncaptate Na2B12H11SH (BSH), enriched with the 10B boron isotope. The purpose of the study was to study the structural reactions of the myocardium and liver of CD-1 mice after administration of BSH. A light-optical and polarization-microscopic study of the myocardium and liver of male CD-1 mice (n=56) was carried out after injection of a boron-containing substance in doses of 100 and 1000 mg/kg, once, intraperitoneally. Assessment of structural changes in the myocardium and liver was carried out 1, 3 and 7 days after BSH administration. A single injection of BSH at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not lead to the death of animals, whereas 3 hours after the injection of BSH at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, 1 animal died. The body weight of the animals changed slightly during the experiment. Analysis of heart weight showed a decrease in this indicator on days 3 and 7 compared with indicators in the same groups on day 1 of the experiment. When analyzing the dynamics of changes in liver mass, no significant changes were revealed during the experiment. The main structural changes in the myocardium included lytic and contractural damage to cardiomyocytes, hemodynamic disturbances in the form of pronounced venous and capillary congestion. Liver damage was manifested in dystrophic changes in hepatocytes, the appearance after 3 days of monocellular necrosis of hepatocytes and pericentral mononuclear infiltrates. The data obtained indicate that the used doses of BSH 100 and 1000 mg/kg with a single injection cause structural changes in the myocardium and liver of varying severity, which persist for 7 days of observation.

Assessment of structural changes in the left atrium myocardium according to cardiac magnetic resonance with contrast before and after balloon cryoablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation

Aim. To study the structural changes of the left atrium myocardium according to magnetic resonance imaging with contrast in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation before and after balloon cryoablation and compare the results with the effectiveness of the intervention.Material and methods of research. The study included 28 patients with persistent form of atrial fibrillation. All patients before and after magnetic resonance imaging underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with delayed contrast using a high-resolution MR pulse sequence (voxel size 1,25x1,25x1,25 mm) before and after cryoablation.The severity of atrial fibrous lesion was calculated automatically using a specialized LGE HEART Analyzer program using algorithms based on the myocardial contrast index with a threshold value of 1.38. The clinical efficacy of the intervention was evaluated after 12 months and the relationship was determined structural changes in the myocardium of the left atrium according to contrast magnetic resonance imaging data before and after the cryoablation.Results. The severity of fibrotic myocardial lesion of the left atrium before balloon cryoablation was 1,5 [0,16; 9,3]%. In Utah patients, stage 1 fibrosis was detected in 71,4% (n=20), stage 2 in 14,3% (n=4), stage 3 in 3,6% (n=1), stage 4 in 10,7% (n=3). 3 months after cryoablation, there was an increase in the severity of fibrosis of 2,7 [1,02; 18,8]% (p<0,001). Overall efficiency of the intervention rate was 57,1%. The construction of Kaplan- Meyer curves demonstrated that the intervention was most effective in patients with minimal severity of fibrosis before ablation (Utah I) and least effective in more pronounced fibrotic lesion (stage Utah III and IV)Conclusion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart with contrast allows to assess fibrotic lesion of the myocardium of left atrial, which may be one of the factors of the effectiveness of interventional treatment of persistent AF.

An Assessment of Clinical Mentorship for Quality Improvement: The African Health Professions Regional Collaborative for Nurses and Midwives.

The African Regional Collaborative for nurses and midwives funded quality improvement projects in five countries to enhance clinical mentorship programs supporting HIV service delivery for women, infants, and children. Each country team implemented specific interventions focused on the application of nurse-initiated and managed antiretroviral therapy guidelines and competencies. A site-level tool, the nursing practice framework, measured structural maturation in clinical mentorship programs across five stages at eight facilities. Clinical competencies that aligned with the framework were evaluated through a provider-level knowledge assessment to identify on-going needs for mentees before and after the implementation period. Key trends observed in the assessment include positive program progression for all facilities; competencies were higher for pregnant and breastfeeding women and lower for HIV-exposed infants; there was an increase in posttest participation for all facilities. The nursing practice framework provides a rapid assessment of structural changes and exploration of context to identify quality improvement needs.

Spatial-temporal correlations in the speckle pattern for the characterization of cellular motion within a 3D object.

Dynamic light scattering analysis has been demonstrated recently to be a promising tool for the assessment of structural changes taking place inside opaque tissue samples. Specifically, quantification of velocity and direction of cellular motion inside spheroids and organoids has attracted much attention as a potent indicator in personalized therapy research. Here, we propose a method for the quantitative extraction of cellular motion, velocity, and direction, by applying a concept of speckle spatial-temporal correlation dynamics. Numerical simulations and experimental results obtained on phantom and biological spheroids are presented.

STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF SERVICE AREAS IN OUR COUNTRY

This article states thoughts and comments on the history of the services, essence and development. At the same time, trends and structural indicators of services in the development of the Uzbek economy have been identified. In addition, the study of the factors affected by them, the assessment of structural changes, the per capita services have been identified. There are also future forecasting value of services per capita, and based on conclusions and suggestions

Peculiarities of brain structural changes in young patients with arterial hypertension

Actuality: Arterial hypertension (AH) is one of the most common diseases among diseases of the circulatory system and, together with other cardiovascular diseases, ranks first in the world and in Ukraine in terms of mortality rates. About 45% of patients do not know that they have hypertension. The scale of this problem in the world is evidenced by the fact that hypertension is found in every third adult. This disease occurs more often in the elderly, but its development often begins at a young age, and sometimes even in childhood. The intensive development of neuroimaging methods (CT and MRI) in recent decades makes it possible to detect various changes in the brain at early preclinical stages, which is of great importance for the implementation of adequate differentiated primary prevention of the development and progression of cerebrovascular disease and such unpleasant manifestations as cognitive deficits, dementia and ischemic stroke. The purpose of the study: to reveal the nature of structural changes in the brain in young patients with clinically confirmed hypertension. Material and methods: a study of structural changes in the brain was conducted based on the MRI examination data (1.5 T) of 54 young patients (18-44 years old) with hypertension of various degrees. Statistical analysis was carried out by the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 license program using the criterion of agreement with the test of static significance (Fisher's exact test -F). Results: Differences in brain structural changes were obtained in patients depending on the degree of hypertension. A significant difference according to the χ² criterion (р<0.05) was found in the frequency of occurrence of mixed, external and internal hydrocephalus in patients with hypertension of the first and second century. Differences in the incidence of external and internal hydrocephalus in patients with AH I and AH III, AH II and AH III not detected by the χ² criterion (p< 0.05). There are differences in the frequency of leukoaraiosis of the 0th, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd stages. according to the Fazekas scale between groups of patients with 1st stage hypertension, 2nd stage hypertension, and 3rd stage hypertension reliable according to the χ² criterion (р< 0.05). Differences in the frequency of lacunar foci at different degrees of hypertension were not reliably detected. The analysis of the results of the assessment of structural changes of the brain by age showed that the main differences in the occurrence of mixed and external hydrocephalus are characteristic of all age groups. There is no difference in the frequency of internal hydrocephalus, mild and moderate leukoaraiosis in the groups of men and women. The frequency of occurrence of mixed, external hydrocephalus, the absence of leukoaraiosis and the presence of severe draining leukoaraiosis (in men, the severity of these changes prevails) is significantly different. No difference in the frequency of lacunar foci was found in the groups of men and women. Conclusions: Thus, hypertension is an age-dependent disease. No differences were found in the frequency of complaints of noise in the head, decreased attention and cognitive activity, sleep disturbances, and gender differences in the examined patients with hypertension of various degrees of severity. The main structural changes of the brain in the examined patients are various types of hydrocephalic manifestations, signs of leukoaraiosis (characteristic for the older age of 36-44 years) of one degree or another. Some gender specific features of brain structural changes in the examined patients were revealed (increased manifestations of hydrocephalus syndrome in men and absence of leukoaraiosis in them compared to women).

Integration of Structural and Evolutionary Approaches to Assessment of Structural Changes in Industrial Sector Russian Economy

Industrial economic changes in the economy are a complex and multi-level dynamic process characterized in different periods by a certain balance between modernization and innovative development. This involves the redistribution of key industrial