Assessment Of Antioxidant Capacity Research Articles

Zingiber officinale preserves testicular structure and the expression of androgen receptors and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in diabetic rats.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Zingiber officinale, commonly referred to as ginger, in preserving the structural integrity of testis in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats compared to the efficacy of metformin, the traditional effective antidiabetic drug. STZ was utilised for the induction of diabetes mellitus in male Sprague Dawley rats. The study included five groups (n = 6 each), namely the normal control, ginger-treated normal, nontreated diabetic, metformin-treated diabetic and ginger-treated diabetic groups. Biochemical assessment of fasting blood glucose level (BGL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was performed. Histopathological assessment of the testes was performed using routine and immunohistochemical techniques. Fasting BGL significantly (p = .01) reduced, whereas TAC significantly increased (p < .001) in metformin- and ginger-treated diabetic rats compared to those in untreated diabetic rats. Metformin and ginger reduced the degenerative changes observed in the testes of diabetic rats, significantly reduced (p < .001) caspase-3 immunoexpression, and significantly increased (p < .001) the immune-expression of androgen receptors and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Ginger has antidiabetic effects and preserves testicular structural integrity and, thus, is recommended as an adjuvant therapy for male diabetic patients in the reproductive period.

Puffing as a Novel Process to Enhance the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric).

Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) is used as a food spice; however, its strong taste restricts wider applications as a food ingredient despite its well-known health benefits. To develop an effective yet simple process for enhancing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, turmeric was gun-puffed at various pressures. Puffed turmeric exhibited an increase in its brown color and porous structures, indicating the occurrence of the Maillard reaction and vaporization during the process. Proximal analysis revealed that puffing did not alter the major constituents, although a very small decrease in crude fat extraction was observed under some circumstances. Total phenolic compounds in the extract were significantly increased after puffing, and subsequent assessment of antioxidant capacity, as determined using independent 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, demonstrated enhanced antioxidant capacity in a puffing-pressure-dependent manner. Turmeric extract was further tested for the regulation of inflammatory responses in the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cell line. Suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced macrophages was amplified using puffed-turmeric extracts compared to the control extract. Furthermore, macrophage-activation assessment revealed downregulated expression of inflammation-relevant cluster of differentiation (CD)80 and CD86 using puffed-turmeric extract in a puffing-pressure-dependent manner. However, expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, which controls adoptive immunity, was not affected by treatment with any of the turmeric extracts. Overall, the current study demonstrated that puffing is a promising and simple method for enhancing the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric.

Comprehensive assessment of fruit jelly with an improved carbohydrate profile based on unconventional plant raw materials

One of the negative trends in current nutrition is an increased consumption of refined foods with a low content of useful nutrients and antioxidants and an abundance of oxidation accelerators. Fruit paste and jelly have a relatively low energy value, compared to other confectionery products. Along with this fact, they also have gel- ling agents and fruit raw materials in their composition, which can classify them as diet food. This paper presents a comprehensive approach to developing a technology for producing fruit jelly with an improved carbohydrate profile. For that, we used viburnum and orange puree, a valuable natural plant material, as a source of carbohydrates, and fructose, as a sugar substitute. The qualimetric model created from the tasting data was used to select the optimal proportions of the main ingredients, viburnum and orange puree, as 25:75 and 75:25. The comparative assessment of antioxidant capacity (AOC) showed that the sample with the 75:25 ratio of viburnum to orange puree had an AOC of 22.33 μmol TEq/g. It was twice as high as AOC of the 25:75 ratio sample. With a glycaemic index of 29.2, this fruit jelly can be recommended as a diet food with preventative properties.

TOTAL PHENOLICS AND FLAVONOIDS DETERMINATION AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY EVALUATION OF Poincianella bracteosa (FABACEAE) EXTRACTS

Popularly known as “catingueira”, Poincianella Bracteosa is widely used by communities in the vicinity of the municipality of Tanhaçu, in Bahia to combat cough and bronchitis, therefore, based on data from a survey was performed ethnobotanical Phytochemical prospecting of the ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of poincianella Bracteosa, as well as the determination of antioxidant capacity and the levels of total phenolics and flavonoids present in the ethanolic extract and fractions. The study involved the obtaining of the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the species under study, by percolation with a 70% solution hidroetanólica. The fractionation of the ethanolic extract was performed with three different solvent (hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The preliminary analysis of chemical composition was made by in vitro tests, with specific reagents for the different classes of secondary metabolites. The quantification of phenolics and total flavonoids was made by methods espectrofotométricos in the region of visible. The assessment of antioxidant capacity was performed by the method of kidnapping of free radicals DPPH and by method of reduction of iron ions (FRAP). The results of chemical prospecting demonstrated the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, gums and mucilage, heterosídeos antociânicos and condensed tannins in the ethanolic extract, being confirmed by quantification of total phenolics and total flavonoids. The ethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate fractions (SAF) and diclorometânica (FD) showed a strong antioxidant capacity, being that the SAF fraction was the most active, with EC50 of 3.07±0.05 μg.mL-1.The results show that the studied species is rich in phenolic compounds and has a strong antioxidant capacity, showing great potential for application as a natural antioxidant.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in healthy children.

Measurement of the levels of the derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and of the biological antioxidant potential (BAP) enables simultaneous assessment of oxidation degree and antioxidant capacity, using the same sample and testing equipment. At present, reference values of healthy adults are clarified, but the reference value of healthy children is unknown. This study was undertaken to clarify the age-related changes and the reference values of d-ROMs and BAP in healthy children. The study population consisted of 77 children, ranging in age from 2 to 15 years, in normal mental and physical health as examined by a pediatrician, and seven healthy adult volunteers. Serum samples were obtained from the subjects for assay. Using these samples, d-ROMs and BAP values were measured, and the relationship with age was analyzed. The d-ROMs level decreased as the age increased, while the BAP showed no correlation with the age. The d-ROMs level was significantly higher in 2-6 years group than in 7-11 years group, 12-15 years group, or healthy adults group. The BAP/d-ROMs ratio, an index of antioxidant capacity, increased significantly with higher age. This study was carried out for the first time in healthy children in oxidative stress assessment using d-ROMs and BAP. In the infancy 2-6 years, the d-ROMs value was significantly higher and the BAP/d-ROMs ratio was significantly lower. From this, it was suggested that age should be considered when performing oxidative stress assessment using d-ROMs and BAP in children.

Retraction Note to: In vitro propagation of Canscora decussata Schult. and comparative assessment of anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant capacities of wild-harnessed and in vitro-grown plant extracts

The editor has retracted this article [1] because a scientific error was made in the identification of the species referred to in the study. The plant studied is not Canscora decussata, as stated in the manuscript, but rather Canscora diffusa (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. Because of this unintentional error, the scientific content of the article is no longer reliable. All authors agree to this retraction.

Detection of some antioxidant markers in saliva of patients with beta thalassemia major

Background : Although evaluation and maintenance of antioxidant defence can be useful in protecting β-thalassemia patients from more serious complications of the disease, there are limited studies about assessment of antioxidant capacity in beta-thalassemic patients particularly in saliva.Methodology:Thirty patients with β thalassemia major were involved in this study in thalassemia center / Ebn- Albalady hospital in Baghdad, and fifteen normal subjects with matched age and sex were also involved and considered as control group. Age, gender, blood groups, BMI, secretory status, and antioxidant markers were determined in the saliva of normal and diseased subjects, however the status of HCV infection, liver and spleen are evaluated in beta-thalassemic patients.

Maillard reaction derived from oil-tea camellia seed through roasting.

The Maillard reaction products (MRPs) formed after roasting of oil-tea camellia seeds (camellia seeds) were investigated. Camellia seeds are inevitably heated during processing, but the effect of heating or roasting on the physicochemical properties of camellia seed or oil-tea camellia seed oil (camellia oil) has been seldom studied, especially with respect to the Maillard reaction. Changes in reducing sugars, free amino acids, pH, color, browning intensity and MRP (furosine, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furural) concentrations were examined in camellia seeds during roasting at 120-160 °C for 20-120 min. Results showed that roasting leads first to a decrease and then to a considerable increase in free amino groups and, at the same time, to a reduction in moisture content and decrease in pH. The sucrose content of the seeds decreased, while that of glucose and fructose increased reciprocally during roasting. On the other hand, the observed changes concerning glyoxal were negligible. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural have been found at the end of the roasting process, with maximum values of 572.26 ±1.91 mg kg-1 dry wt and 0.46 ±0.003 mg kg-1 dry wt, at 160 °C for 120 min, respectively. This investigation provides the initial groundwork necessary for the development and implementation of green and efficient technology that could be applied to obtain high-quality camellia oil. Future research is necessary to assess antioxidant capacity, quality and safety of oil after thermal processing of camellia seeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

Novel Potentiometric 2,6-Dichlorophenolindo-phenolate (DCPIP) Membrane-Based Sensors: Assessment of Their Input in the Determination of Total Phenolics and Ascorbic Acid in Beverages

In this work, we demonstrated proof-of-concept for the use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) as a promising tool for the assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Novel membrane sensors for 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate (DCPIP) ions were prepared and characterized. The sensors membranes were based on the use of either CuII-neocuproin/2,6-dichlorophenolindo-phenolate ([Cu(Neocup)2][DCPIP]2) (sensor I), or methylene blue/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenolate (MB/DCPIP) (sensor II) ion association complexes in a plasticized PVC matrix. The sensors revealed significantly enhanced response towards DCPIP ions over the concentration range 5.13 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−2 and 5.15 × 10−5–1.0 × 10−2 M at pH 7 with detection limits of 6.3 and 9.2 µg/mL with near-Nernstian slope of −56.2 ± 1.7 and −51.6 ± 2 mV/decade for sensors I and II, respectively. The effects of plasticizers and various foreign common ions were also tested. The sensors showed enhanced selectivity towards DCPIP over many other phenolic and inorganic ions. Long life span, high potential stability, high reproducibility, and fast response were also observed. Method validation was also verified by measuring the detection limit, linearity range, accuracy, precision, repeatability and between-day-variability. The sensors were introduced for direct determination of TAC in fresh and canned juice samples collected from local markets. The obtained results agreed fairly well with the data obtained by the standard method.

Inflammatory responses bridge comorbid cardiac disorder in experimental model of IBD induced by DSS: protective effect of the trigonelline.

Pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves the combination of immunological and inflammatory factors. IBD is associated with several extra-intestinal manifestations. The exact underlying bridge between the probable cardiac diseases in IBD patients is undetermined. Trigonelline is an alkaloid with several therapeutic potential properties. In this study, we aimed to assess the probable underlying mechanisms of this comorbidity as well as protective effect of trigonelline focusing inflammatory response and oxidative state in mouse model of colitis. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used for induction of colitis in mice. Trigonelline (10, 50 and 100mg/kg) was administrated via intraperitoneal rout (i.p.) for 14 continuous days. Heart, intestine and serum samples were taken for assessment of total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde (MDA), gene expressions of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α), interleukin 1-beta (Il/1β), toll- like receptor 4 (Tlr4) as well as for evaluation of histopathological alterations. Results demonstrated that trigonelline effectively attenuated the cellular/molecular and histopathological adverse effects of colitis in the intestine and heart tissues. In this regards, we found that trigonelline decreased the MDA level, attenuated the expression of Tnf-α, Il/1β and, Tlr4 as well as modulated the histopathological alterations in the intestine. Furthermore, trigonelline increased the antioxidant capacity in the related experimental groups. We concluded that IBD (colitis) is associated with comorbid cellular/molecular modifications in the heart and for the first time, we found that trigonelline has potential therapeutic effects (at least partially) to attenuate the cardiac manifestations of the colitis.

Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of Juniperus oxycedrus Subsp. oxycedrus Needles and Berries.

In order to evaluate the antioxidant properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of needles and berries of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Joo) species, various antioxidant capacity assessment tests (free radical scavenging assays (DPPH• and ABTS•+ tests), ferrous ions (Fe2+) chelating activity and reducing power assay (FRAP) were conducted. In all of the tests, the extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Furthermore, in-vitro cytotoxic activity assays of the methanolic extracts showed potent cytotoxic effects against two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7), with no cytotoxicity towards normal cells (PBMCs). Reactive oxygen species generation was presumed to be a potential reason for the observed cytotoxic effects. According to all the above, and considering its appropriate composition of mineral elements and phenolic compounds, Joo could offer a beneficial and natural source of bioactive compounds that can be either used on the preventive side as it could potentially be used in the clinic without toxicity.

Clinical Trial Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Infusion Dose of N-Acetylcysteine on Redox Status of the Body in Patients with Sepsis Admitted to the ICU.

Conflicting results exist regarding the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in sepsis treatment. A pivotal factor affecting the therapeutic potency of NAC in sepsis is timing and dosing of its infusion. We aimed to assess the effect of NAC on redox status of patients with sepsis and to compare its efficacy in intermittent and continuous infusion with the objective of developing the infusion regimen and optimizing the timing. A prospective, randomized clinical trial was designed to compare the antioxidative effect of NAC in intermittent infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 25 mg/kg/8 hours 3 times) and continuous infusion group (IV: 25 mg/kg bolus and then 75 mg/kg over 24 hours) in 60 critically ill patients with sepsis (20 patients in each group). Blood samples were collected immediately before and after intervention for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assessment. N-acetyl cysteine considerably increased TAC levels in both intermittent (0.68 ± 0.60; P value = .036) and continuous (0.69 ± 0.64; P value = .015) infusion groups when compared to placebo (0.61 ± 0.10); however, the difference in TAC levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance (P value = .942). Likewise, NAC treatment decreased MDA levels in both intermittent (19.45 ± 4.18; P value = 0.001) and continuous (22.47 ± 6.68; P value = .002) infusion groups when compared to placebo (31.76 ± 11.06), while the difference in MDA levels between the intermittent and the continuous infusion did not reach statistical significance (P value = .481). Our data confirmed the antioxidative effect of NAC treatment in patients with sepsis, with no significant difference in intermittent and continuous infusion.

Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Putative Healthy Effects of Natural Plant Products Using Soybean Lipoxygenase-Based Methods. An Overview.

In the last decades, increasing demand of antioxidant-rich foods and growing interest in their putative role in prevention of degenerative diseases have promoted development of methods for measuring Antioxidant Capacity (AC). Nevertheless, most of these assays use radicals and experimental conditions far from the physiological ones, and are able to estimate only one or a few antioxidant mechanisms. On the other hand, the novel LOX/RNO and LOX–FL methods, based on secondary reactions between the soybean lipoxygenase (LOX)-1 isoenzyme and either 4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (RNO) or fluorescein (FL), may provide a more comprehensive AC evaluation. In fact, they are able to detect simultaneously many antioxidant functions (scavenging of some physiological radical species, iron ion reducing and chelating activities, inhibition of the pro-oxidant apoenzyme) and to highlight synergism among phytochemicals. They are applied to dissect antioxidant properties of several natural plant products: food-grade antioxidants, cereal and pseudocereal grains, grain-derived products, fruits. Recently, LOX–FL has been used for ex vivo AC measurements of human blood samples after short- and long-term intakes of some of these foods, and the effectiveness in improving serum antioxidant status was evaluated using the novel Antioxidant/Oxidant Balance (AOB) parameter, calculated as an AC/Peroxide Level ratio. An overview of data is presented.

Modulatory effects of Viola odorata flower and leaf extracts upon oxidative stress-related damage in an experimental model of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Ethanol is the most widely abused drug in the world and its long-term use induces oxidative stress in the liver tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effect of Viola odorata against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rat. Animals were divided into 9 groups as follows: control (normal saline), ethanol (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), ethanol with 3 doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) of ethyl acetate flower and leaf extracts, and positive control (vitamin E 80 mg/kg). Animals were gavaged 30 min before ethanol injection for 28 days. Then, animals were killed and the livers were separated. Oxidative stress parameters, including reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl as well as glutathione content, were evaluated. Also, histopathological examination was performed and assessment of blood alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Ethanol significantly increased oxidative stress markers in liver. Interestingly, administration of both extracts significantly decreased oxidative stress markers in liver tissue and biochemical parameters in the plasma. In addition, abnormal pathological features were improved after treatment with flower and leaf extracts. These results suggested that V. odorata can be considered a candidate for improving conditions due to ethanol-induced tissue oxidative damage because of its antioxidant activity.

Assessment of antioxidant capacity by method comparison and amino acid characterisation in buffalo milk kefir

This study aimed to analyse the antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of buffalo milk kefir fermented with grains or a commercial starter culture, as well as characterisation of the amino acid profile. During fermentation, the ferrous‐reducing activity of samples increased, while the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity decreased. The highest value of the ABTS and DPPH scavenging activity was recorded for buffalo milk kefir with grain, which also showed a lower ferric‐reducing antioxidant power during storage. Statistical analyses showed a significant effect of starter culture type and fermentation/storage time on the antioxidant capacity of buffalo kefir.

The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity and cognitive function in elderly

Rationale: The development of cognitive impairment is associated with a progressive imbalance between antioxidant defenses and intracellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species in aging.The aim of this study was to assess the association between daily intakes of some antioxidants, dietary total antioxidant capacity and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) classification in elderly.

Propolis as an adjuvant to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a clinical study with salivary anti-oxidant capacity assessment.

Periodontal diseases are characteristic for the excessive release of oxidant free-radicals by the host. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-oxidant-based formula containing propolis and herbs as an adjunctive therapy to standard non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) when compared to the domiciliary use of chlorhexidine-based formulae. Forty patients were enrolled in the present study and randomly allocated to either a control (NSPT plus chlorhexidine gel formula) group or a test (NSPT plus anti-oxidant gel formula) group. Clinical parameters for the assessment of the periodontal status were evaluated at baseline, one month, and three months after NSPT, and the salivary antioxidant capacity as well. There were no significant clinical differences between the two groups (P>0.05). However, patients within the test group (propolis) achieved better results in terms of oxidative stress reduction (P<0.05). In the present study, propolis was comparable to chlorhexidine in the clinical management of gingivitis. Further studies are needed to investigate its potential as a redox modulator for the oral microbiome.

Carrageenan-based colorimetric sensor for total antioxidant capacity measurement

As antioxidant consumption is an important way to combat oxidative stress-related diseases, there is a continued interest in developing sensitive, simple and low cost antioxidant capacity assessment methods. In this regard, a novel biopolymer-based colorimetric sensor was designed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assessment. Carrageenan polysaccharide was chosen as a building brick of the prepared biopolymeric film. Owing to the anionic sulfate groups of the carrageenan biopolymer, the film exhibited cation exchange properties. The proposed optical sensor was shown to immobilize copper(II)-neocuproine (Cu(II)-Nc) chromogenic reagent cation onto a carrageenan film via sulfate groups. When the Cu(II)-Nc reagent immobilized on the biopolymer film was reduced with antioxidants, a Cu(I)-Nc colored chelate complex would form on the film showing a high absorbance at 450 nm. A number of antioxidants were tested by the proposed sensor so as to compare their trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacities with those found by the original solution-based cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay, revealing that the biopolymer-immobilized Cu(II)-Nc reagent was still effective in oxidizing antioxidants. The proposed sensor was validated to measure the TAC values of synthetic mixtures, fruit juices and medicinal plant extracts. As opposed to the solution-based method, the sensor worked well in turbid solutions without pretreating samples.

Comparative assessment of phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity in different varieties of brown rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Consumption of brown rice is associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, which might be attributed to the presence of unique phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemicals profile, cellular antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities in glutinous and non-glutinous brown rice varieties of indica and japonica subspecies. In general, bound fractions of brown rice depicted significant variation levels of phytochemicals, antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities. Anti-proliferative activity of bound fraction, total antioxidant capacity and cellular antioxidant activity of non-glutinous type were significantly higher than glutinous type (p < 0.05). Present investigation could be significant to introduce brown rice as functional foods and to increase awareness about health benefits of whole grain.

Programmable electrochemical flow system for high throughput determination of total antioxidant capacity

The aim of this work was to develop a programmable flow system for rapid assessment of total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Novel features of the prototype include a single pressure-driven source, versatile manipulation of fluid flows, ability to adapt to different TAC assays, and compatibility with microfluidic design. Antioxidant activity was determined by electrochemical measurement of residual 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrayl hydrate (DPPH•) free radicals in the solution. The overall performance of the device was validated by the spectrophotometric method. The results indicated that dosing of reagents and samples could be controlled by pressure (R2 = 0.992) and time (R2 = 0.999) with high accuracy, and the mixing uniformity of the device was equivalent to that of the batch mixing (R2 = 0.994). TAC assays of a standard antioxidant, ascorbic acid, as well as selected samples such as orange and pomegranate juices, white wine, and green tea by the device were comparable to traditional measurement techniques. Due to the short incubation time, the approach may be more suitable for fast, rather than slow reacting antioxidant compounds. The developed system could be used for rapid TAC screening of food and biological samples.