Shenxiao decoction ameliorates podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy via upregulating RUNX3 expression and inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Unveiling the impact of atmospheric temperature on antifungal resistance and virulence factors in Candida spp. isolated from forest ecosystem.

Fall armyworm (FAW) [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)] is a destructive pest threatening global maize production. Conventional chemical control is effective but raises sustainability concerns. Drone-assisted ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying enables precision-targeted application, reducing pesticide input, energy consumption, and associated environmental footprints. This study reports the development of a drone-compatible oil dispersion (OD) formulation combining chlorantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate for FAW control. The formulation was optimized using emulsifiers (E1 + E2, 8-10% + 5-5.9%), dispersant D1 (2-5%), and thickener R1 (1-3%), achieving desirable emulsion stability, viscosity, and pourability. The OD met FAO/WHO standards and remained stable under accelerated (54 ± 2 °C, 14 days) and cold storage (0 °C, 7 days) conditions. Surface tension and contact angle analyses confirmed effective spreading on maize foliage. Biochemical assays indicated significant inhibition of glutathione S-transferase and acetylcholinesterase in FAW, suggesting synergistic molecular action. Field trials with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) application demonstrated superior efficacy over commercial formulation (knapsack-sprayed), with reduced leaf damage (up to 47.4%, score: 2.56-4.1), lower cob infestation (13%) compared to untreated (40%) and commercial treatment (20%), and increased grain yield (13.43 t ha-1 in Delhi, 11 t ha-1 in Pune). This study demonstrates the potential of precision-engineered OD formulation, optimized for UAV-based ULV delivery, to enhance FAW management in maize while aligning with sustainable agriculture practices. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Huodan Qinghua formula inhibits CD36 membrane localisation via the TGR5-DHHC4 pathway to ameliorate lipotoxic damage in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cadmium-induced ATP6V0A1 destabilization impairs lysosomal function to disrupt hepatic lipid homeostasis.

In situ tissue-engineered heart valves (TEHVs) using human cell-derived tissue engineered matrices (hTEMs) offer a promising solution to current heart valve prosthesis limitations. Decellularization is crucial for producing hTEMs by removing cellular components while preserving ECM integrity. Current detergent decellularization protocols are inadequate for reducing intracellular proteins, some of which are damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Apoptosis could offer an alternative decellularization method for reducing intracellular proteins in hTEMs. We hypothesize that apoptosis-assisted decellularization, combined with hTEM functionalization using the apoptotic secretome, can enhance the remodeling capacity of hTEMs. hTEM-based TEHVs were decellularized using an apoptosis-assisted method and characterized by (immuno-)histology, biochemical assays, biaxial mechanical testing, and mass spectrometry. The apoptotic secretome of human dermal fibroblasts was characterized and used to functionalize hTEMs. Results showed that apoptosis-assisted decellularization met the decellularization standards as well as reduced intracellular proteins and DAMPs with no change in ECM structure and mechanics. Furthermore, the apoptotic secretome functionalization led to an increased tissue repair phenotype in seeded immune cells. TEHVs treated using the apoptosis-assisted decellularization exhibited sustained leaflet functionality in vitro under pulmonary conditions. Apoptosis is a promising strategy to reduce immunogenic DAMPs and introduce biochemical cues that can foster in situ tissue remodeling.

Leishmaniasis, is a neglected tropical disease of global importance with rising incidence due to climate change, limited therapeutic options, and increasing drug resistance. Novel strategies targeting parasite biology are urgently needed. In this study, we propose that the functionality and regulation of the parasite's sole SUMO-specific protease, poorly understood to date, represent a tractable biological target. Using an integrated approach combining bioinformatics, biochemical assays, SUMOylation reconstitution, proteomics, and infection models, we characterised the localisation, enzymatic properties, and phenotypic consequences of dysregulating this protease. GFP-tagged domain fragments localised predominantly to mitochondria with additional puncta at the nuclear periphery and exhibited canonical SUMO processing and deconjugation activity. An in vitro SUMOylation reconstitution assay demonstrated that both cysteine synthase (CS) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) are SUMOylated, with CS displaying a pronounced RanBP2-dependent enhancement of conjugation, confirming substrate-specific E3 ligase activity. Overexpression of the protease catalytic domain triggered profound cellular remodelling, including severe flagellar shortening (CD-GFP, 1.10 ± 1.05 μm and WT, 17.95 ± 4.35 μm, p < 0.05), disrupted vesicular trafficking (p < 0.05), and an ∼11-fold depletion of sterols (CD-GFP, 4.48 × 108 ± 2.90 × 108 AU and WT, 49.00 × 108 ± 59.3 × 108 AU, p < 0.05). Quantitative proteomics identified significant alterations in 135 proteins (76 upregulated, 59 downregulated; p < 0.05), encompassing pathways linked to energy metabolism, oxidative stress responses, ribosome biogenesis, and sterol biosynthesis. Parasite infectivity in mammalian macrophages at macrophage-to-parasite ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 were comparable (p > 0.05), with only a modest increase at 1:40 in CD-GFP-infected macrophages (p < 0.05). Collectively, our findings establish the SUMO protease as a key regulator of parasite morphology and metabolism. By revealing its broader roles in cellular adaptation and stress resilience, this work positions SUMO-dependent pathways as a promising regulatory axis for understanding, and ultimately disrupting, the transmission cycle of Leishmania and related kinetoplastid pathogens.

Integration of network pharmacology, lipidomics, and transcriptomics analysis to reveal the mechanisms underlying the synergy between susceptibility factor TNF-α and Polygonum multiflorum-induced idiosyncratic liver injury in mice.

Curcumol targets the ATG4B-PKM2-lactate signaling axis to reverse EMT and inhibit colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Genistein ameliorates lupus nephritis via enhancing ERβ-mediated inhibition of STAT3-driven inflammation.

Improvements in bone quality by parathyroid hormone treatment are enhanced in the Nmp4 knockout mouse model.

Neuronal TLR4 upregulation activates the cGAS-STING pathway to induce ferroptosis in EAE mice.

Shikonin-loaded bioactive gelatin films with antibacterial activity against Listeria species and antioxidant properties to extend the shelf-life of raw refrigerated beef.

Huaiqihuang granule attenuate renal injury in IgA vasculitis nephritis by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Discovery of novel and potent 2-aminopyrazine-based HPK1 inhibitors enhancing T-cell immunity against cancer.

Alternatives to animal testing in cosmetic products: A patent applications review and future perspectives.

Identification of a group of UDP-glycosyltransferases catalyze emodin glycosylation in Rheum officinale with substrates promiscuity.

Lycorine impairs Spodoptera litura fitness by inhibiting secretory phospholipase A2 expression and disrupting lipid homeostasis.

The protective effect and mechanism of phycocyanin on diabetic retinopathy in rats.

Involvement of gut microbiota in sub-chronic chlorantraniliprole-induced metabolic alteration in chironomid larvae (Propsilocerus akamusi): Evidence from multi-omics, histopathological and biochemical analysis.