Security Aspects Research Articles

STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF ANCIENT INDIAN MARITIME POWER

India is a peninsular country bounded by the lofty Himalayas in the north, is surrounded by oceans and seas on three sides and has a 7,517 km long coastline. The Indian Ocean engulfs the country in its South. It has recently re-emerged as a sphere of power politics in International Relations. The following slok of Vishnu Purana illustrates the Geo-Strategic importance of Bharat.उत्तरं यत् समुद्रस्य हिमाद्रेश्चैव दक्षिणम् |वर्षं तद् भारतं नाम भारती यत्र सन्ततिः || विष्णु पुराण २.३.१The country that lies north of the ocean and south of the snowy mountains is called Bhāratam, there dwells the descendants of Bharat.China is in India’s backyard, an expansionist and imperialist power challenging the aspects of maritime security in the region, and Pakistan is a hostile neighbour, it is high time that a comprehensive framework of India’s maritime security is developed. As an ancient civilisation, the country has a rich legacy of its naval prowess. The civilisational culture from the ancient land of Bharat spread worldwide, especially in Southeast Asian, African, Central Asian, and East Asian countries through the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean, therefore, is not merely a waterbody. Instead, it captures the essence of India’s religion and cultural wave, transcending even to the neighbouring countries. India's history, art, mythology and literature are replete with numerous instances of the importance of the Indian Ocean in the lives of the Indian people. The cultural depth of the Indian civilisation is as deep as the Indian Ocean. Therefore, this article argues about the strategic relevance of ancient India’s maritime diplomacy.

An Exploratory Study of Fintech Security Concerns among its Users in Nigeria

The rapid growth of financial technology (Fintech) in Nigeria has revolutionized the way people conduct financial transactions. However, this technological advancement brings along a host of security concerns that impact users' trust and confidence in using Fintech platforms. This exploratory study aims to investigate the security concerns among Fintech users in Nigeria, shedding light on the underlying factors contributing to these concerns. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to gather comprehensive data. The qualitative phase involves in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of Fintech users, exploring their perceptions, experiences, and concerns related to the security aspects of Fintech services. The quantitative phase consists of a survey administered to a larger sample, aiming to quantify the prevalence and intensity of security concerns among Fintech users in Nigeria. The results highlighted the importance of addressing data breaches, privacy concerns, and authentication methods to alleviate user apprehensions. Participants expressed a desire for more transparency regarding the security practices of Fintech providers through improved communication and education to enhance user awareness and understanding of the security measures in place. This corroborates the notion that users' trust in Fintech services is depends on their perception of the security measures implemented by providers. The study's contribute to the existing literature on Fintech security, providing an in-depth understanding of the specific security concerns faced by Nigerian users, and identify potential strategies to enhance the security measures and alleviate users' concerns, which will ultimately foster greater adoption and utilization of Fintech services. Keywords: Fintech, financial services, security concerns, privacy, data breaches

Key-Plain Mapping Algorithm: A Symmetric Key Cryptographic Technique for Secure Communication

Abstract:- In the realm of cryptography, ensuring secure communication is paramount. Symmetric key cryptographic techniques offer a robust means of encryption and decryption. The Key-Plain Mapping Algorithm presents a novel approach to symmetric key cryptography, utilizing a fixed keyword and systematic mapping between plaintext and ciphertext alphabets. This thesis delves into the principles, operations, and security aspects of the Key-Plain Mapping Algorithm, demonstrating its efficacy in securing digital communication. Keywords:- plain text; cipher text or encrypted message; encryption; decryption; symmetric key cryptography; decrypted message; keyword

State Civil Apparatus Welfare of Public Elementary School Teachers in Bandar Lampung City

Teacher welfare is an important aspect that affects the standard, quality of life, and work of teachers. The components of welfare for the Indonesian State Civil Servant (ASN) are basic salary, allowances, work environment, security aspects in granting civil servant (PNS) status, awards, work-life balance between working hours and workload, and the development of certified teacher professionalism. The study population was ASN SDN teachers totaling 1466 people. Sampling using purposional sampling random method based on the lottery obtained a sample size of 155 people. The research objective was to determine the effect of consumption expenditure, education level, training, work experience, and teacher certification on the welfare of ASN SDN teachers in Bandar Lampung City. The estimation method used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The findings are that the level of education, training, work experience, and teacher certification have a positive and significant effect on the welfare of ASN primary school teachers in Bandar Lampung City, while consumption expenditure has a negative and significant effect on the welfare of ASN primary school teachers in Bandar Lampung City. In the future, it is necessary to improve education, training, and experience, as well as teacher certification to improve welfare. In addition, it is necessary to maintain the purchasing power of teachers' income so that it is not eroded by inflation which reduces purchasing power.

Problems of information security in the management of electronic waste

Subject. The study is devoted to data security issues in the disposal of electronic waste. Objectives. The focus is on the analysis of problems and world experience in ensuring user information security in the organization of electronic waste management system, according to the circular economy principles. Methods. The study rests on the content analysis of regulatory and legal documentation on electronic waste management. The information base includes standards of the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI), the Basel Action Network, Sustainable Electronics Recycling International (SERI), European legislation on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), and Russian standards for waste management. Results. So far, Russia has no regulations on data security issues when handling out-of-service electronic equipment, according to the circular economy principles. We propose to supplement Russian regulatory documents with aspects of information security, which will have positive effects on the confidentiality of data available on electronic media when recycling electronic waste. Conclusions. It is required to introduce strict State regulation of processes of handling information contained on electronic media. This will enhance the credibility of e-waste recycling companies with regard to information security.

Quality assessment of corporates’ sustainability web pages from accessibility, usability and security perspectives: Türkiye evidence

Corporate sustainability web pages reflect strategies to mitigate environmental impact, crucial for long-term business continuity. In this manner, ensuring accessibility, usability, and security in these pages is essential. This article evaluates the quality of sustainability web pages of corporates from accessibility, usability, and security perspectives. Our sample consists of 71 Turkish companies and the analysis was conducted on their sustainability web pages using automatic testing tools. Thus, the results show indicate a necessity to enhance the overall quality of sustainability web pages among Turkish corporations. The findings of this research also address the major problems and serve as constructive feedback for web administrators and developers, guiding them towards enhancements in accessibility, usability, and security aspects of these web pages. Therefore, this research seeks to provide valuable insights into the performance of these web pages, thereby contributing to the advancement of corporate sustainability communication and transparency.

К вопросу о моделировании системы обеспечения безопасности человека в российской Арктике

The research objective of this article is to develop an optimal model for a human security system in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). This topic has gained particular relevance as the focus of Arctic exploration has shifted to include human interests, needs, concerns, and threats to human security. Despite this shift, the concept of human security has not yet been incorporated into the strategic documents of the Russian Federation that outline development priorities for the AZRF, nor into practical policies at the federal, regional, or municipal levels. This study employs qualitative methods of systems modeling and elements of quantitative analysis to create a human security index for the AZRF. The novelty of this study lies in its analysis of the existing human security system in the AZRF, identifying the key elements of the management mechanism, their interrelationships, and the challenges in the mechanism's functioning. Based on this analysis, specific recommendations are proposed to optimize the structure of public administration in this area and to improve the effectiveness of interactions between government structures, businesses, and civil society organizations (including indigenous peoples' organizations) operating in the AZRF. Additionally, the study develops a set of specific indicators describing various aspects of the human security system in the region. In accordance with UN recommendations, these indicators are classified into seven groups, covering economic, food, health, environmental, personal, cultural, linguistic, and political aspects of human security. Using these indicators, the study proposes to create a human security index for the Russian Arctic. This index will enable the monitoring of human security trends in the AZRF and inform adjustments to government policy in this area.

Метафора экологической безопасности в онлайн-коммуникации

The article provides an overview of numerous, frequently divergent views on the environmental security concept in mediated Internet communication and highlights the ambiguity of its interpretations. In this regard, there arises a need for a more precise definition of the concept “environmental security”, since linguistic accuracy can be helpful in understanding the mechanisms for ensuring it. The article aims at identifying the key role of figurative narratives in explaining the essence of environmental security as a controversial concept. The research relies on methods of deep semantic analysis, interpretive and critical discourse analysis. The study material is English-language discursive metaphors, elicited by continuous sampling and reflecting different interpretations of environmental security. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the explanatory potential of metaphorical narratives across various discourse types. The authors argue that metaphorical language acts as a cognitive mechanism for interpreting and highlighting key aspects of sustainable “communication” with the environment. The need to find an effective metaphorical narrative that covers different aspects of environmental security is emphasized. The presented analysis of environmental security metaphors revealed their main types (military, medical, governance metaphors), as well as their disadvantages in providing an adequate view of modern threats due to insufficient information among the population about the need for emergency actions to save the planet.

Cryptoeconomics: Financial Market Security Aspects and Implications for Managerial Accounting

"The development of modern information technologies and the processes of globalization are key factors for the emergence and spread of virtual currency. The legal status of cryptocurrency is still uncertain. It is considered both as a modern means of payment and as a speculative tool for illegal activities. However, despite such diametrically opposed interpretations, the fact that economic realities are constantly changing is unconditional. The IFRS reporting system is no exception, which should adapt to new challenges in a timely manner and take into account the need to disclose information about new progressive elements as much as possible. The article aims to analyze the economic and financial essence of cryptocurrencies, assess the phenomenon of the crypto economy and its impact on the financial market and monetary policy, as well as to outline appropriate implications for the corporate level – namely, for management accounting. The methodology is based on a theoretical analysis of cryptographic protocols and tools for investment and macroeconomic analysis, some approaches of economic theory. It is shown that although today cryptocurrency is a speculative, high-risk instrument, cryptoeconomics is increasingly integrating into the global financial market, while the potential risks of this process still outweigh its benefits. Accordingly, at the micro-level, management accountants must understand the related risks and be able to explain the implications to the management team and the board of directors. The originality of research consists of an attempt to combine the analysis of macro- and micro-implications of emerging crypto economics based on an economic theory foundation."

Comparative analysis of security models in cloud platforms

This article is dedicated to the importance of data security on cloud platforms, highlighting the subject relevance in an era where threats to information security are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated. The primary focus is a comparative analysis of security models employed by leading cloud platforms such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform, IBM Cloud, and Oracle Cloud. The research covers various crucial security aspects, including data encryption, identity and access management, monitoring mechanisms and incident response. The article sheds light on current trends and technologies in cloud data protection, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance threat detection efficiency and the implementation of confidential computing and blockchain technologies to improve data protection. Issues of compliance with legal requirements and data security standards are discussed, along with recommendations for organisations to optimise information protection in the cloud environment.

Challenges and Opportunities for QRIS Implementation as a Digital Payment System in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities for implementing QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) as one of the digital payment systems in Indonesia which has been provided by Bank Indonesia as an application that provides convenience, speed, and efficiency in payment transactions. However, the implementation of QRIS as a digital payment system in Indonesia still faces many challenges, such as limited internet access, competition with other payment systems, security aspects in use that have the potential for fraud or data theft, and low public understanding of QRIS. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with a focus on challenges and opportunities in implementing QRIS in Indonesia. The primary data sources in this research are observations and in-depth interviews with business actors who use QRIS. Secondary data sources were obtained from Bank Indonesia QRIS documents and data. This research found that the challenges in implementing QRIS in Indonesia are still low support from the central government and regional governments in accelerating the use of QRIS, not yet optimal cooperation between financial institutions, industry, and society, inadequate information technology infrastructure, and low public understanding about QRIS. Meanwhile, QRIS has enormous opportunities because it is one of the instruments in encouraging digital economic acceleration that is inclusive and efficient. QRIS has huge market potential because there is an increasing number of smartphone users every year.

Analisis Website Siakad Universitas Janabadra Menggunakan Metode UAT

This research aims to comprehensively investigate and analyze the Janabadra University Academic Information System (Siakad) Website by applying the UAT (User Acceptance Testing) Method. This method is used as a framework to evaluate the level of user satisfaction with various aspects of the functionality, security, reliability and responsiveness of the Siakad website. The research involved collecting data through various approaches, including participant observation, in-depth interviews with active Siakad users, and distributing structural questionnaires. The results of an in-depth analysis of the usability dimensions include navigation, information structure, and user interface, while the security and reliability dimensions highlight aspects of data security and system availability. Website responsiveness is also analyzed to ensure optimal accessibility. The findings of this study provide a detailed picture of the strengths and potential for improvement in Siakad. The implications of the findings can serve as a basis for decision makers and developers to make specific improvements, ensuring that Siakad not only meets user expectations but also adheres to high security and performance standards. This study makes a significant contribution in the context of developing academic information systems in higher education institutions, illustrating the importance of the UAT Method approach as an effective evaluation tool. The findings of this research provide a detailed picture of the strengths and potential for improvement in Siakad. The implications of the findings can serve as a basis for decision makers and developers to make specific improvements, ensuring that Siakad not only meets user expectations but also adheres to high security and performance standards. This study makes a significant contribution in the context of developing academic information systems in higher education institutions, illustrating the importance of the UAT Method approach as an effective evaluation tool

Development of a Potential Facility Risk Index for Nuclear Safety and Security Using a Terrorism Scenario with a Hypothetical Nuclear Facility

Risk assessment involves analyzing potential accident scenarios to identify hazards and assess associated risk factors. Nuclear safety and security both aim to protect against radiation exposure, but they have developed separately with distinct risk assessment methodologies. As a result, there is a need for a comprehensive risk assessment method that covers both the safety and security aspects. The Potential Facility Risk Index (PFRI) was developed in 2020 to provide a quantitative approach to evaluating the security risk of nuclear facilities, but it does not consider safety risks. This study aims to enhance the PFRI framework by incorporating probabilistic risk assessment methods to include safety risks. It assesses the risk of a hypothetical incident caused by adversaries at a hypothetical nuclear facility after a successful theft of nuclear material, followed by the construction and detonation of a radiological dispersal device. To achieve this goal, the study utilized event tree analysis and pathway analysis for loss event assessment and consequence analysis using the MELCOR accident consequence code systems for loss magnitude. New risk criteria were also established to determine the PFRI risk score. Based on the results, the study found that the PFRI score for the hypothetical facility was 1, indicating that the risk level was negligible. Future studies incorporating other scenarios, such as sabotage and transportation, will help assess the total security risk of the facility. This method can also help facilitate the integration of risk assessments for nuclear safety and security.

Secure and Swift: A Proactive Approach to Defend Lightweight Key Exchange Mechanisms Against Replay, Masquerade, and Message Forgery Attacks in Cloud-IoT Communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly advanced, making it feasible to connect numerous embedded devices to the internet for data sharing. Since the embedded devices have limited power, storage, and processing capacity, it is necessary to integrate embedded devices with a big resource pool, like the cloud. This technological integration is anticipated to bring about a remarkable expansion in the present and future exciting uses of IoT. Security concerns such as device data privacy and authentication are important ones in this regard. The goal of the current study is to develop a lightweight key establishment for safe mutual authentication system for cloud servers and the Internet of Things. Lightweight key establishment are used in our approach for authentication, while advanced encryption standard is used for confidentiality and integrity. The suggested plan achieves efficiency in performance analysis as well as security aspects including confidentiality, integrity, and authentication in security analysis. Proposed mechanism additionally, does an informal analysis and comparison of the security attributes, including replay attack, masquerade attack, message forgery attack.

Policy-Based Contextual Access Control Mechanism for Smart IoT Devices

Access control remained an important aspect of computer security, and it has been the focus of extensive research over the past several decades. Access control mechanisms generally composed of two fundamental components: authentication and authorization. Authentication refers to verifying the identity of an entity, and authorization guarantees that only authenticated entity or devices can access the permitted devices or other resources. Various traditional access control schemes, such as Access Control Lists (ACLs), Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) exist, but these have certain limitations that hinder their direct implementation in the Internet of Things (IoT). For instance, ACLs maintain user-specific access privilege lists, which are feasible for environments with limited users and devices, but impractical for large scale systems like IoT. RBAC assigns devices access through roles associated with permissions, however role management in dynamic IoT environments poses significant challenges. ABAC grants access based on user and devices attributes that requires certain attribute criteria for authorization. We advocate that IoT environments are dynamic in nature and consist of very large volumes of smart IoT devices (such as smart sensors, smart phones and gadgets) that which introduce unique access control challenges. One significant challenge is providing dynamic access to smart IoT devices, as opposed to relying on static rules, roles, or attributes. Considering these challenges, this research advocates for a novel access control scheme tailored for accessing smart IoT devices in internet of things environments. The prototype implementation of the proposed approach is carried out along with conducting the usability study to evaluate the performance and suitability of the proposed system for real world internet of things (IoT) scenarios.

AI for Digital Marketing

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized the digital marketing landscape, enabling marketers to improve efficiency, personalization and strategic decision making. This research aims to map research trends related to the application of AI in digital marketing through bibliographic analysis. Qualitative research methods with a historical approach are used to collect and analyze scientific articles from leading international journals. Bibliometric analysis was performed with VOSviewer software to visualize patterns and clusters of key terms. Results show a significant increase in the number of publications related to AI in digital marketing, with a focus on topics such as marketing strategy, customer experience, social media, e-commerce and industrial marketing. The visualization reveals the interrelationships and groupings of various terms, providing insight into the current research landscape. This study contributes to the understanding of trends, opportunities and challenges in integrating AI into digital marketing practices. These findings are useful for researchers and practitioners to identify future research directions and develop effective marketing strategies by leveraging AI. However, further research is needed to explore the ethical implications, data security and other aspects regarding the application of AI in the context of digital marketing

Brain-Computer Interface Integration With Extended Reality (XR): Future, Privacy And Security Outlook

The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a rapidly evolving technology set to revolutionize our perception of the Internet of Things (IoT). BCI facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices, enabling the control or interaction of devices without physical intervention. BCI technology is becoming more sophisticated, allowing third-party software embedded in emerging technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) to access sensors that read brain activity. These can be grouped under the umbrella term Extended Reality (XR). While BCI technology is disrupting the way data is collected, interpreted, and utilized within IoT networks, it is important to consider the potential privacy and security threats that it poses. Previous and not-so-recent cybersecurity research only scratched the surface in terms of security and privacy aspects of the then-emerging neural and brain-connecting technologies. However, recent advances in reconstructing language, music tracks, and imagery solely based on decoding neural signals pose a significant risk of mental privacy invasion and cybersecurity abuse. In this paper, we present an analysis of the potential threats posed by the integration of BCI with VR, AR, and MR. We analyze the involvement of major technological players in shaping BCI and XR advancements, examining the potential for these technologies to create detailed user profiles and reshape the monetization of user data in the ever-more-aggressive data-driven economy. We also outline a position view on the cybersecurity aspects that are not related to privacy and profiling per se, for example, cybersecurity attacks on the brain (e.g., ``brain rewriting'' attacks) facilitated by potentially vulnerable XR-BCI devices and software. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research on the privacy and security implications of XR-BCI integration and inviting deeper exploration of the topic beyond theoretical papers and toward a more applied experimental setup.

Comparative analysis of European Union countries based on selected aspects of food security

Comparative analysis of European Union countries based on selected aspects of food security

CONSUMER PROTECTION IN BEACH TOURISM OBJECTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASHID SHARIA (STUDY IN THE SUB-DISTRICT OF MIRROR BEACH, SERDANG BEDAGAI DISTRICT)

Activities in tourist attractions pose a risk of danger for tourists, which can impact safety and security, including beach tourism. It must be backed by infrastructure that promotes safety and security in these tourist locations to reduce current risks. Visitors' rights to safety, security, and clear information are guaranteed by Law No. 8 of 1999 on consumer protection and Law No. 10 of 2009 on tourism, specifically Article 20. This study aims to investigate how the Pantai Cermin District's beach attractions' facilities, their consumer protection policies, and the notion of consumer protection as seen through the lens of Maqashid Sharia. This study employs a conceptual framework, a statute-based methodology, and an empirical case-study approach to the law. The results of this study indicate that the facilities at beach attractions in Pantai Cermin Subdistrict still need to fulfil safety and security aspects, such as the unavailability of health clinics, watchtowers, and luggage storage for tourists. In the perspective of maqashid sharia, consumer protection of security and safety in beach tourism is the application of the principles of Hifz al-Nafs (protecting the soul) and Hifz al-Mal (protecting property), so beach tourism managers must provide security, health, and safety facilities for beach visitors.

РОЗВИТОК СУЧАСНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ: ВИКЛИКИ ДЛЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ ПОЛЬЩІ

The main purpose of the article is to analyze national security challenges related to the development of modern technologies. The impact of this phenomenon on many aspects of safety in cyberspace is presented. The relationship between modern technologies with the military security of the state is also presented. There is also a cross-discussion of the struggle of state entities with terrorist threats directly related to dynamic technological progress. The possibilities of cybersecurity education at universities, within the framework of postgraduate education, courses and trainings are analyzed. The study shows that modern technologies have a significant impact on Poland's national security. Rapid technological development poses a serious threat to national security for any country, including Poland. They directly influence national security aspects as the fight against terrorism, ensuring the security of state institutions in cyberspace and guaranteeing permanent military development necessary to counteract both common and hybrid threats. The functioning of state entities and their citizens requires constant adaptation to an environment that changes dynamically in the international arena. Poland, like any other country, should be in constant readiness to resist the above mentioned challenges to defend their own national interests. To do this, you need to use the opportunities and soften the threats associated with the constant inter -sectoral development of technology. Modern information technologies offer advanced means and capabilities of cybersecurity. However, it also increases the potential for cyberattacks, which requires constant improvement and adaptation of cybersecurity policy. The development of military technologies, including artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, or cybercribe, changes the face of national defense. Poland needs to be effectively investing in modern defense technologies in order to maintain their defense capability at a proper level. Modern technologies influence the protection of critical infrastructure from potential terrorist attacks. Integrated IT systems can increase efficiency, but at the same time increase the risk of cyberattacks that can have serious consequences for the country's functioning. It is also necessary to strengthen international cooperation to exchange advanced experiences and work together to protect against modern technological threats. Key words: technology, military safety, terrorism, cyberspace, cybersecurity, higher education, Poland.