Legal Aspects Of Protection Research Articles

Behind Closed Lenses: Analyzing the Efficacy of Personal Data Protection Laws in Combatting Hidden Cameras

This study explores the effectiveness of personal data protection against hidden camera recordings in Batam City, which are used to identify a person and used for personal purposes, a problem in Indonesia despite the issuance of Act Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection. This research focuses on the aspects of legal protection and sanctions received by perpetrators of personal data and privacy sharing crimes; this study also identifies the challenges and opportunities Indonesian people face regarding their privacy in public places. The concept of personal data protection is analyzed through an empirical legal research method with a descriptive-qualitative approach, considering the current Indonesian legal framework. This research also involves Soerjono Soekanto's Theory of Legal Effectiveness and Chambliss and Seidman's Theory of the Working of Law, which will assist in elaborating the research. This research highlights the importance of public awareness and the role of supervisory agencies in addressing the risks of privacy-infringing camera recordings. The results show the need for a collaborative strategy between the government and society to strengthen personal data protection. The results of this study can assess the effectiveness of the enforcement of the PDP Law in Batam City through five factors and how the regulation in Indonesia overshadows the problems faced, such as the lack of law enforcement roles in Batam City and the lack of reminders such as facilities that can be a bridge for the public to know the prohibition of installing hidden cameras in public places that can endanger the public.

To the issue of the rights and obligations of land users in the field of land restoration

The article is devoted to the problem of legal protection of the rights and obligations of land users in the field of land restoration. The article emphasizes that a significant part of lands, regardless of their purpose, requires urgent restoration measures, however, scientific works highlight only certain aspects of legal protection and restoration of lands, as well as a comprehensive analysis of issues related to ensuring the realization of the rights and fulfillment of the obligations of owners and users of land plots for their protection and restoration actually do not exist.
 The article emphasizes that the content of legal relations consists of subjective rights and legal obligations. The viewpoints of scientists regarding the specified concepts were studied. Attention is drawn to the fact that legal relations in the field of land restoration belong to the active type of legal relations, because the provision of land restoration requires active actions on the part of the obliged entities.
 The main legal relationship for land restoration is a legal obligation that manifests itself in the active behavior of the obligated person in order to ensure the subjective rights of other subjects.
 The general rights and responsibilities of land plot users under current land legislation have been analyzed. Legal conflicts and gaps in the specified area have been studied. It was emphasized that land plots should be restored by both their owners and users in the process of their exploitation. It is proposed to make appropriate changes to the land legislation regarding the expansion and systematization of the rights and obligations of land plot users.
 The author examines the grounds for compulsory termination of rights to land plots. The author emphasizes the peculiarities of the grounds for compulsory termination of the right to use a land plot, which is the failure to eliminate the committed violations of the law by the land user.
 Some attention is paid to the problem of land restoration in the conditions of hostilities. The issue of compensation for damages caused as a result of emergency situations and armed aggression was investigated. Legislative norms aimed at determining damage and compensation for damage to owners and users of land plots have been analyzed.

Determination of Age of Majority In Liability Juvenile Crime in Indonesian Criminal Law

In juvenile criminal cases, the age limit of children is of great importance, since this obligation to determine whether a suspect belongs to the category of children or not is related to the criminal liability of children. In discussing the extent to which a person can meaningfully be prosecuted as a child, it appears that many laws are inconsistent in their boundaries because they are motivated by the goals of each law. itself. In order to examine the purpose of this study, the purpose of this study is to examine the regulations for determining the age of consent for criminal responsibility of children in the current Indonesian criminal law. This research method uses normative legal research methods, a legal approach, a conceptual approach, a comparative approach and a case approach. The results of this study show that from the minimum age at which children can become important as adults, any legal act of a legal entity can become possible once they reach this legal capacity of adulthood. Aspects of legal protection in determining the age of consent in Indonesian criminal law are related to the criminal liability of children. The measure of a species' ability to assume responsibility can be derived from several factors, ranging from the age to the psychology of the perpetrator. After examining the facts, one can come to the conclusion that the age limit for adulthood, which is pluralism, may lead to ambiguity in determining when a person is declared of adulthood and held responsible for the crimes committed by him becomes

LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE NATIONAL OIL AND GAS ENERGY BY LAW NUMBER 22 OF 2001

National Oil and Gas Energy for Indonesia so plays an important role in the field of oil and gas industry. Pertamina is the only State Oil and Gas Company submitted the task to manage all activities of the Indonesian Oil and Gas Energy from upstream to downstream and export activities, is the beginning of a political era of international cooperation in the upstream oil and gas activities with the use of system agreement Produktion Sharing Contract (kps). The purpose of this paper is the settlement of disputes in the mining oil and gas energy is by starting with the principles and definitions, basic law and the law of oil and gas resources that exist in Indonesia, as contained in Act No. 22 of 2001 and aspects of legal protection in the oil and gas energy mining system , and the settlement of disputes in the national oil and gas energy, namely; 1). court; 2). Alternative dispute resolution; view of Islamic law on mining energy as a result of the earth and the results of its use for the welfare of the people in line with the Islamic religion that results or benefits can be used for the welfare of the people

Aspects of Legal Protection by the State Against Victims of Child and Women Trade

Human Trafficking is a very complex problem and until now there is no proper solution to overcome it. This issue is very important because the majority of victims are underage girls who do not get their rights as a child. The purpose of trafficking in persons is for sexual exploitation, forced labor or other forms of exploitation. There is nothing honorable or fair about enslaving humans or trading them as objects of trade. The majority of the ways they get entangled are with the mode of debt bondage and fraud perpetrated by brokers. Not all girls experience the mechanism of trafficking in the same way. Of all the mechanisms that occur, at the stage of acceptance, sexual violence is experienced by many victims because girls under the age of 18 mostly work as female sex workers. International efforts to combat human trafficking include efforts to prevent human trafficking, rescue victims, and punish perpetrator. It is important to realize that people involved in human trafficking come not only from developing countries but also from developed countries and victims can come from all walks of life and gender. It is important to understand our role as individuals in preventing human trafficking by watching for any signs of suspicion and reporting suspicious activity to the regulatory authorities. We can also support the efforts of organizations and institutions fighting to combat trafficking in persons and assist those affected.

Aspect of Legal Protection on Buying Transactions of Thrift Shop Products Sharia Economic Law Perspective

<em>The process of human life, one of which affects the human lifestyle. This lifestyle can lead to consumptive behavior because of the desire to keep up with the times. Calculated from year to year, there has been an increase in the production of clothes or garments that have doubled from before. The buying and selling of used clothes have been around for a long time, but lately during the pandemic these activities are busy in the community. Currently, the term imported used clothing is more familiar with thrift clothing. This thrift activity has even penetrated social media and online shopping platforms. Whereas the prohibition of imported used clothes is contained in Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade which has been explicitly stated in Article 47 by stating that "importers are obliged to import goods in new conditions". Another prohibition on the sale and purchase of imported used clothes (thrift) can also be found in Article 8 paragraph (2) of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK). The purpose of this study is to determine aspects of legal protection in buying and selling transactions of thrift shop products and to determine the analysis of sharia economic law on aspects of legal protection in buying and selling transactions of thrift shop products. This type of research is normative legal research with a conceptual approach. The results of this study indicate that aspects of legal protection in the sale and purchase of thrift shop </em>

Assessing The Protection Of Women's Rights In The Perspective Of Feminism During The Covid-19 Pandemic

A bstract This study aims to identify the laws and regulations that regulate women's human rights and analyze them using them to determine the effectiveness of these laws and regulations in protecting women's human rights during the pandemic. The research was conducted using normative legal research methods using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The collection of legal materials is carried out using a literature study and the legal materials will be analyzed using Feminist Legal Theory. The results of the study show that there are several women's human rights that have been regulated in Indonesian laws and regulations, including: (1) The right to be free from gender discrimination (UU HAM); (2) The right to justice and gender equality (UU HAM, UU PKDRT); (3) The right to get protection as a victim (UU PKDRT); (4) The right to recognition and respect for human rights in all matters relating to citizens (UU Kewarganegaraan); (5) The right to be free from racial discrimination (UU PTPPO); (6) Political Rights (UU Parpol, UU Pemilu); and (7) The right to be free from discriminatory treatment against a social group that is still underdeveloped (UU Parpol, UU Pemilu). With regard to these laws and regulations, by focusing only on aspects of legal protection, namely protection against violence (both physical and sexual) against women, it shows that the existing legal umbrella is not effective enough to protect women. This is because the existence of laws and regulations alone cannot guarantee the implementation of women's human rights. Legislation must be followed by gender-sensitive law enforcement and no less important is a cultural change in society.

Aspects of Legal Protection in the Agreement of Selling and Purchase of Heritage Land

This study aims to identify and analyze the sale and purchase of land originating from inheritance and to analyze forms of legal protection for buyers in the event of problems in the process of buying and selling inherited land. The method used in this research is using the normative juridical method by taking primary data from the applicable laws and regulations, especially in Indonesia. The results of the study show that legal protection for buyers of inherited land is contained in Article 1492 of the Civil Code which provides an explanation that although at the time of the sale there is no promise of guarantee, the seller, by law, is obliged to bear the buyer against claims of rights through law to surrender all or part of the goods. sold to a third party

Pertanggungjawaban Hukum bagi Notaris dalam Membuat Akta Otentik Perspektif Pasal 65 Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris

This study aimed to analyze the aspects of legal accountability as well as formulate legal aspects of legal protection for notaries in making an authentic deed on the perspective of Article 65 of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning the Notarial Department (UUJN). This type of research was normative juridical research (normative legal research) that used a statue approach and conceptual approach. This study was analyzed by grammatical and systematic interpretation methods. The results showed that the notary was fully responsible in the making of the official deed (willingly), while in the making of the deed the notary party was not fully responsible when it had carried out its duties and obligations to properly include (compile) the information of the parties into the deed. Protection for notaries in making authentic deeds, namely preventive legal protection in the form of UUJN, as well as repressive protection in the form of the provisions of Article 66 UUJN as a form of settlement efforts if the notary is in question before the law.

Value-legal aspects of providing legal protection of rights to trademark in Ukraine

The paper reveals the relevance of scientific knowledge of the value and legal aspects of understanding the signs for goods and services as a basis for legal support of rights to them. The philosophical and scientific basis of scientific research of value-legal aspects of understanding of signs for goods and services is established. The scientific views of scientists concerning understanding of value and legal aspects of signs for the goods and services are generalized. It is concluded that the current state of scientific development of axiology of understanding of signs for goods and services indicates the episodic nature of these studies, as the scientific study of these issues was carried out indirectly through scientific analysis of other related legal phenomena and processes. The author summarizes the methodological potential of the valuelegal approach to the understanding of signs for goods and services. Based on the analysis of doctrinal approaches to understanding the value and legal aspects of marks for goods and services, the value and legal aspects of legal protection of rights to marks for goods and services in Ukraine are determined. It is concluded that the essence and content of legal protection of trademark rights for goods and services will be determined by the functional purpose of the brands themselves, which in turn will characterize the value of legal protection of trademarks as a whole. The legal protection of trademark rights for goods and services has a guarantee value in relation to the latter in terms of their ability to individualize goods and services through their separation among homogeneous goods and services on the market. It is proved that the legal protection of trademark rights for goods and services allows their public distribution and advertising of goods and services.

Legal aspects of protection of the financial interests of the European Union

The foundations and the operating framework of the institutions of the European Union and its Member States are determined by legal acts established at the EU level. The legal bases at the EU level contain key standards in the scope of protection of the financial interests of the European Union and are the main determinants for the individual EU countries when their legal institutions create legal bases at the national level. The aim of this article is to present the main legal basis for the protection of the financial interests of the European Union at the EU level, which will help to examine the impact of these provisions on detecting irregularities and fraud in the EU.

Legal aspects of protection of intellectual property objects in mining engineering

The innovative model of development of Ukraine requires implementation of measures aimed at stimulation and protection of intellectual property objects and development of such improved legislative basis in this sphere that would allow not only to preserve existing scientific potential but also to ensure proper protection of the rights of creators of such objects with possibility of their further commercialization. The necessity and expediency of introducing this legal protection improvement is shown on the example of such objects as scientific discoveries in mining engineering, business methods and innovative proposals. The article is devoted to the improvement of mechanism for legal protection of intellectual property rights to the intellectual activity results in context of integration processes that take place in Ukraine. A unified approach is proposed, which assumes revealing in practical part of each claimed object its protectable part, followed by procedure of patenting in accordance with the procedure stipulated by the current legislation.

The right to private communication using telecommunication means: National and international legal aspects of protection

Today's challenges dictate the need to strengthen the national and international legal mechanisms for the protection of personal data and the right to private communication. However, considered rights are not absolute. Legitimate restriction of guaranteed rights is possible, since these means of communication are a powerful tool in the investigation and disclosure of hard/very hard crimes, including transnational ones, especially considering the terrorist threats to Ukraine and other European countries. The possibility of restricting human rights, arising from the guarantees enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights and consistently enshrined in the ECHR, demands from the state the least compulsory guarantee while interfering with the rights of individuals – to act “in accordance with the law”. Law protection of personal data and right to privacy are researched in the context of peculiarities of conducting investigative (search), secret investigative (search) and other procedural actions in criminal proceedings, which concern access to some telecommunication means (e.g., smartphones). Taking into account different functional purposes of technical means of telecommunication, access and collecting of evidence contained therein, should be carried out on a case-to-case basis, in a different procedural form, considering specifics of telecommunication technologies in each particular case.

To the issue of improving some aspects of legal protection of intellectual property in Ukraine

To the issue of improving some aspects of legal protection of intellectual property in Ukraine

Selected aspects of legal protection of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the European Union – between works and designs

The graphical user interfaces have become one of the most important means in software marketing over the last decades. This phenomenon occurs with particular intensity in relation to simple, non-specialized software. The users of such programs and devices with installed software of that kind are guided in choosing the product by its “look & feel” impression rather than by considering its, usually deeply hidden, technical solutions (the “engine”). This is understandable especially in the context of the development of mobile technologies, which are present in an increasing number of devices for everyday use. The “look” of a computer program is the display generated when a computer runs that program. The “feel” of a computer program is its function, overall purpose and performance (the easiness of use, promptness of operation) which is partly determined by the structure of the program and the sequence of commands it contains . Thus, the look and feel incorporate two aspects of a program for the user: visual and operational.

Endangered Species: Selected Resources for Libraries

SUMMARY This article provides an annotated overview of recently published works related to the topic of endangered species. Books about specific species; particular regions of the world; the economic, political and social complexities of protection efforts; legal aspects of protection and conservation; and the cultural and societal impacts of endangerment, conservation and extinction are included. Recommendations are made regarding suitability for various types of libraries.

Character merchandising: aspects of legal protection

The article considers the present state of the law of character merchandising. It questions whether the law relating to character merchandising should be further developed and extended so as to give an individual a comprehensive right to prevent the unauthorised use of aspects of his personality by third parties in connection with the promotion or sale of goods or services. In this context the article rejects the creation of new comprehensive remedies such as a tort of appropriation of personality as being undesirable and impractical. The article maintains that unauthorised acts of personality appropriation or use are already subject to adequate legal control through the law of trade marks and passing off. In this regard the article further suggests that tortious remedies such as defamation, malicious falsehood, and, in restricted circumstances copyright, provide effective sanctions against the unauthorised use of an individual's persona in commercial enterprises in particular and special circumstances. These remedies supplement and complement the principal remedies provided by trade mark protection and passing off.

J.E. Thornton and D.J. MacDougall. Law and Legal Services for an Aging Population. Vancouver: University of British Columbia, Committee on Gerontology, Faculty of Graduate Studies, 1990, pp. 180.

ABSTRACTLaw and Legal Services for an Aging Population is a report in three parts. The first part deals with substantive law in areas such as access to legal services, discrimination on the basis of age, and protection of the elderly person. That first part contains a good review of some legal aspects of protection against elder abuse. Other aspects which are becoming very important such as powers of attorney in medical decisions are only touched in passing, while others such as housing accommodations and the rights of elderly persons in nursing homes are simply ignored. The second part presents the results of a survey carried in Greater Vancouver purporting to assess existing and future demands for legal services and obstacles thereto. The results are interesting mainly because so little research has been undertaken in this area. There is no conclusion and no specific recommendations result from this survey. The Third part presents a good annotated bibliography of legal cases and scholarship on selective law issues affecting elderly persons.