Aspect Deals Research Articles

Online Incentive Protocol Design for Reposting Service in Online Social Networks

Reposting plays an essential role in boosting visibility on online social networks (OSNs). In this paper, we study the problem of designing “reposting service” in an OSN to incentivize “transactions” between requesters (users who seek to enhance visibility) and suppliers (users who are willing to repost if certain incentives are given), and maximize the welfare increase accumulated through a given time horizon. We formulate a mathematical model for reposting which captures various factors like click-through rates (CTRs), requesters’ valuations and suppliers’ costs. We formulate the problem of maximizing the welfare increase via judiciously assigning suppliers to requesters from two aspects: (a) “user-centric” and (b) “platform-centric”. The user-centric aspect deals with situations where requesters and suppliers collaborate and share valuations and costs. To address the challenge of unknown CTRs, we propose an online learning protocol and achieve a sub-linear regret. The platform-centric aspect corresponds to the scenario where users keep their valuations or costs private. To address the challenges of unknown CTRs, valuations and costs, we design an “explore-then-commit” online protocol. We prove the truthfulness of the proposed online protocol, and we also prove that this protocol has a sub-linear regret. Lastly, we conduct extensive experiments on six public datasets to evaluate the effectiveness and scalability of the proposed protocols.

A novel technique for low-velocity impact of shallow arches

In the current study, an analytical model to analyze the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of metamaterial shallow arches subjected to rigid body impact is presented. The presented nonlinear model considers transverse deformation of the cross-section and geometric nonlinearity based on the higher-order shear theory and von Kármán nonlinearity. The research delves into three key aspects. The first is concerned with the establishment of a contact model to capture the contact characteristics between the impactor and the arch. The second aspect deals with the design of the member with Negative Poisson’s Ratio (NPR). The third aspect is concerned with the asymptotic solution of dynamic equations by using a two-perturbation technique. The proposed model is used to analyze the effects of auxetic, initial deformation, and foundation on the impact response and post-impact vibration of the arch. The results show that the contact area between the sphere impactor and the arch is elliptical. It is also noted that the contact force and indentation are highly dependent on the laminated configuration and auxetic properties. The study reveals that the presented model is a valid technique to evaluate the impact characteristics of metamaterial arches along with optimal design impact resistance of arches.

Measurement of Language Knowledge as a Controversial Elaborative Linguistic Framework

This article is an attempt to determine the significance of vocabulary knowledge by describing its components and features on the basis of different existing models in such a way as to explore the language knowledge measurement criteria and find out the extent to which language knowledge is adequately measured. In fact, a plethora of research has been conducted on teaching and learning vocabulary, and testing vocabulary size. Though this linguistic element has been a controversial issue for so long, many scholars in the field of linguistics agreed upon the utility and the crucial role it has in relation to language teaching, learning, and testing. However, the investigation of the vocabulary knowledge takes into consideration three different aspects. The first aspect deals with vocabulary measurement, with the clarification of the differentiation between language knowledge in terms of its inference and language performance in terms of its observation. The second aspect examins the meaning of “word knowledge” by distinguishing between receptive and productive vocabulary knowledge. The third aspect deals with the qualitative aspect of the learners’ vocabulary knowledge in terms of understanding by identifying “breadth” and “depth”. This article also paves the way for the review of vocabulary size and the counting of family words on the basis of rigorous empirical studies in this field.

A Review of Current Evaluation Urban Sustainability Indicator Frameworks and a Proposal for Improvement

This paper addresses the link between data, metrics, and the paths from cause to effect in urban sustainability and livability frameworks. The first section thoroughly discusses the different existing frameworks for evaluating sustainability and livability goals for urban communities. In the results section, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of a comprehensive list of frameworks that evaluate sustainability and livability in cities is elaborated, with a thorough post-process of the different schemes from an epistemological perspective to analyze the subjectivities implicit in any urban-level sustainability framework. Finally, in the discussion section, two main aspects are tackled. The first is the development of a proposal for a set of indicators that incorporates the best of the different frameworks analyzed. The second aspect deals with the methodology of implementation of these frameworks. Here, the authors point out the weaknesses of current urban-level sustainability frameworks and their main components, and they propose a set of criteria to overcome the different detected gaps. All these steps have helped the authors establish a clear roadmap for developing the platform TOOLS4Cities that can help set a future reference methodology for urban sustainability evaluation.

PV Sizing and Investment Support Tool for Household Installations: A Case Study for Croatia

In the wake of the green energy transition, the European Union is using solar energy as its focal point. Different supporting development schemes aim to bring energy closer to the hands of the citizens. In various European countries, the integration of solar energy in households has made significant steps forward, but in Croatia, the process has been lagging, with just humble results of installed rooftop solar capacity being integrated in recent years. The uptake of this process is happening, and it is important to facilitate the process to make it more efficient. In this regard, there are two main aspects covered in this paper. The first deals with the problem by disseminating the statistics and findings of the online tool accessible to the public, which aims to widely promote the integration of solar using the provision of precise and on-the-spot information for all interested citizens. The second aspect deals with the simulation segment, aiming to provide deeper insights into the solar integration process and its legal and administrative framework based on the insights gathered from the PV sizing optimization tool expanded with additional multi-scenario simulation analysis.

The two roles of the SPH Kernel and dissipation on accretion disc modelling in semi-detached Low-Mass Close Binaries

This study addresses two aspects of the SPH technique. The first aspect regards the 3D (2D) numerical integration. The second aspect deals with the necessary damping for handling inviscid flow discontinuities. Accretion discs in Low-Mass Close Binaries (LMCBs) are a context pushing the limit of SPH codes since turbulence, shocks, and shear flows coexist. Thus, an LMCB with high mass-transfer from the inner Lagrangian point is considered. This choice is made for an in-depth understanding of the numerical and physical aspects related to pressure forces computed through SPH Kernel spatial gradients in high-speed collisional flows. In this regard, gas compressibility also plays a role. Firstly, we pay attention to the algebraic term 4πr2 coming from the cubic differential d3r and affecting any 3D SPH integration. This is made through a comparison of physically inviscid SPH structures referring to the same LMCB and mass-transfer conditions. Then, a reformulation of the non-viscous damping is also considered by adopting a Lagrangian-free physical formulation. Inviscid accretion discs should develop a steady toroidal structure because radial transport mechanisms should be excluded by missing any radial shear flow damping. Therefore, thinner discs, also including a steady toroidal ring, identify that SPH inviscid modelling free of any incorrect pressure gradient excess among thick disc structures. This task is simplified since initial conditions deliberately favour thick discs. The physically viscous hydrodynamics of the disc is also addressed by adopting a Prandtl-like turbulent kinematic viscosity coefficient in the Navier–Stokes equations, distinguishing the roles of the bulk and shear viscosities.

AN AYURVEDIC OUTLOOK ON PRAKRITHI AND MODERN GENOMICS

Introduction : Ayurveda is a life science that gave equal importance to the preventive and curative aspects of life. The preventive aspect deals with different Charyas including Dinacharya, Rithucharya, etc. But merely following these, in general, will not be benecial it should be matching with one's bodily constitution then only it will serve the purpose. This constitution comprises the “physical body” and “mental body”. Prakrithi means 1 “nature” or the natural constitution of the human body which can be correlated to the genomic composition. Genomic studies in disease research, allow researchers to better understand the genetic bases of drug response and disease and Acharyas included Prakrithi in Rogi Pareeksha for establishing the same. Methods: Comparison of genesis and factors that inuenced the formation of Prakrithi, the role of Prakrithi in the physical, physiological, and psychological domain, and the role of Prakrithi in disease genesis, diagnosis, and management in relation to modern genomics

Evaluation of ankle foot orthosis using experimental and computational methods (AFO)

The human ankle, which supports the rest of the body, is the most important part of the body. A device known as an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) stretches from the knee to the heel and supports the ankle and foot areas. AFO is utilized to control instability in the lower limb of the human body by maintaining precise ankle alignment and controlling body motion.The first component of this study focuses on creating an ankle foot template mould using 3D printing, and the second aspect deals with creating an actual ankle foot orthosis (AFO) model out of glass fibre for those who have partially lost a foot due to diabetes, war veterans, or vascular deficiencies. In the designing phase, various loading conditions were applied to the real Ankle Foot Orthosis made. The model was designed using Unigraphics in the second aspect, and it was analysed using ANSYS 16.0. The load was applied to the foot portion, and the heel was fixed, because the foot was thought of as partially severed. Using Ansys analysis finder software, the deformation on the heel and toe were evaluated and measured. For 200 N and 600 N loads, the deformation was measured at the toe and heel. Analytical deformation were found to be positive. For those who have had their feet amputated, the AFO model consisting of glass fibre aids in the restoration of their natural gait cycle. In the present study, it was discussed how inexpensively and quickly an orthosis may be produced in a developing nation.

Nomothetae: Friedrich Hayek’s project of a constitutional reform

The article offers a comprehensive reconstruction of a constitutional reform project, proposed by a well-known economist Friedrich Hayek. The reconstruction implies recognition of three interconnected aspects. The first theoretical aspect deals with the key problem of a democratic government - the problem of empowering parliaments with two dangerously “mixed” powers, namely the power to manage specific resources and the power to proclaim abstract rules of justice. Hayek proposes to enshrine a clear definition of the rules of justice in order not to confuse the development of these rules with the solution of resource management issues. The theoretical aspect is followed by the institutional aspect of the constitutional reform. The institutional aspect of the reform implies formation of a special representative body whose exclusive competence would be strictly limited to proclamation of the abstract rules of justice. Formation of such a representative body is the only way to avoid unjustified empowerment of the same people to decide both the questions of justice and current budget policy. To make sure that these questions will not be treated in the same political manner, Hayek leaves a few remarks concerning the type of mind that most fit to deal with the rules of just conduct. These remarks constitute the third, «anthropological» aspect of the reform project. In accordance with this third aspect, not every type of mind is inclined to prefer justice over the other, more utilitarian issues. It is that type of mind which is prone to follow customary «opinion» rather than organizational «will» that is more reliable when it comes to the matters of justice and its rules. And though this «anthropological» aspect is not at the center of the Hayek’s reform project, it seems to be one of the most characterizing elements of his constitutional proposal. In one way or another, all the other elements can be derived from this anthropological division between «opinion» and «will», which means that Hayekian reform project is based not only on his political preferences, but also underpinned by his epistemological theory.

Water Quality Assessment and Heavy Metal Contamination Awareness

Water is essential for all forms of life. There is a measure that is used to monitor the quality of the water called water quality. This study will show the awareness of the quality and the health of the water before starting with preliminary studies. The heavy metal awareness will bring about more understanding and ease to the public about the water bodies near their housing area. One of the benefits of the study is to ensure the water in the dams and lakes is clean and clear. The main aim of the study is to raise awareness about water quality and heavy metal pollution in dams and lakes in areas. The questionnaire was collected using an online platform. The survey form consisted of a list of questions specific to water quality and heavy metal pollution in dams and lakes. Using the PEST management analysis (Political, Environmental, Social and Technological) method to analyse and categorize the survey and how the factors affect the way of living. The social aspect of the results sums up the activities, lifestyles, cultural preference, rural-urban movement. Figures in the analysis section show most people go to the lakes and dams around them for walks. The environmental aspect deals with the influence of heavy metals and poor water quality in the lakes and dams. Most people had very limited resources for it and to sum up the topic, major awareness of water quality and heavy metal pollution was needed.

Criticism of Cartesian Account of Self-Knowledge in English-speaking Analytic Philosophy

The article presents an overview of the main strategies of criticizing the Cartesian account of self-knowledge in English-speaking analytic philosophy. First, I distinguish four basic aspects of the Cartesian account of self-knowledge: metaphysical, methodological, semantic, and epistemic ones. The first aspect deals with the justification of distinctive features of self-knowledge; the second aspect concerns the way the agent gains self-knowledge; the third aspect is about the content of mental states, and the last one is about formal principles of self-knowledge. Second, I examine four critical strategies. The criticism on the metaphysical aspect consists in denying the privacy of mental states thesis; the criticism on the methodological aspect refutes the perceptual model for introspection; the criticism on the semantic aspect rejects the internalism, i.e., the external factors do not determine the content of mental states; the criticism on the epistemic aspect involves the KK-principle failure. Finally, I briefly assess the efficiency of these critical strategies.

AN INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF WEARING A MASK:INTERNALISING THE EXTERNALITY

Human behaviour is the result of the circumstances and responses to various social factors considering the stakes involved in decision making. When the costs are high, individuals think and rationalize before bearing the cost; when the costs are low, individuals decide to bear the costs. This behavioural pattern can also be traced in the Indian masses reflex to the stimuli of various lockdown and unlock periods in the past six months. Initially, the fear of the unknown and uncertainty played a vital role in enforcing a lockdown and attempted imposition of social distancing to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus. As people became familiar with recovery rates, complacence grew, resulting in choking the already weak public administration and health infrastructure. To contain the surge of the virus, the Government responded by introducing a series of measures such as social distancing with lockdown, which resulted in shutting down the global economy3 resulting in an economic slump. The country has faced an acute shortage of money in terms of migrant labour crisis and a crumbling economy. The economy consists of various individual units working with self-interest in profit motives to reap economic benefits. Various disciplines observe and study parts of this pandemic, for instance, the medical fraternity focuses on developing a vaccine, the psychology aspect concerns itself with the mental health aspect, the financial aspect deals with the monetary policy and institutional economics provides the necessary tools to understand individual behaviour. Institutional economics does not restrict the study of individual behaviour to their purchasing power but rather extends to a study of their behaviour and decision making. This decision making includes economic decisions like savings and investments, expenditure patterns like buying Veblen goods and also decisions that affect the society at large like not wearing a mask and not complying with social distancing norms. Many learned individuals are of the opinion that until a vaccine is developed the only effective method to control the spread of the virus is to strictly wear a mask and adhere to the social distancing norms. wearing a mask and not complying with social distancing norms. Many learned individuals are of the opinion that until a vaccine is developed the only effective method to control the spread of the virus is to strictly wear a mask and adhere to the social distancing norms.

Measuring political legitimacy with Twitter: Insights from India’s Aadhaar program

As emerging powers forge ahead with big data initiatives, questions arise regarding the implications of these programs for governance in the Global South more broadly. One understudied aspect deals with how actors attribute legitimacy to governments’ big data activities. We explore actors’ agency in one crucial case: the world’s largest demographic and biometric data program, India’s Aadhaar. Analyzing roughly 250,000 tweets collected in the first 10 years of Aadhaar’s operation, we find that both normative acceptance and cost–benefit calculations are crucial for legitimacy attribution. This finding challenges mainstream theoretical approaches, which prioritize normative factors and often fail to examine how normative and material factors interact during legitimacy attribution. In addition, our study demonstrates a new, mixed-methods approach to measuring legitimacy attribution using Twitter data, which overcomes traditional challenges. As such, we underline the viability of Twitter data as a tool for social measurement.

Prawo w filmie jako przejaw estetyki prawa i szczególny przypadek kierunku prawo i literatura

If we put together and systematize research streams: law in film, law and literature, and aesthetics of law, it is easy to reach the conclusion that we are dealing with related subjects, with a certain overlap in research areas. The broadest term is aesthetics of law, whose scope covers the entire law and literature movement, meanwhile law in film is a more detailed aspect of the latter. Systematizing the aesthetics of law, we can close it in three aspects: the external one, the internal one, and the one called ‘law as a device for aesthetization’. The aesthetics of law in the external aspect deals with manifestations of law, legal inspirations, legal themes, symbols, signs, which were represented through centuries in fine arts. The subject of the aesthetics of law in the internal aspect is the law itself. The third aspect of the aesthetics of law focuses on law as a device for aesthetization of daily life. In the law and literature movement, the reflections concern either the inclusion of legislative and legal content in literary works (law in literature), or the literary, including aesthetic, value, of normative instruments, and more broadly, also other acts of applying the law (law as literature). A special case of this research stream is legal cinematography, where a film prepared on the basis of a screenplay is treated as a kind of narrative, justifying the statement that law in film further develops the law and literature movement. The practical aspect of such research – of legal aesthetics, law and literature, and law in film – concerns mainly the significance and influence on legal awareness, and on shaping the attitudes towards law. The key thing here is approaching the problem of influencing legal awareness through other means than the text of a normative instrument alone.

The usage of the openBIM idea in architectural design on the example of Blender and BlenderBIM add-on

The aim of the article is the research about the method and advancement of the openBIM idea implementation, clearly defined by the buildingSMART organization. The conducted analysis are limited to the Blender program and the BlenderBIM add-on and has been embedded in the context of the work of an architect and other IT solutions. The article presents four aspects of the openBIM concept implementation. The first approach relates to process of data exchanging between different computer applications using the open IFC standard. Another two focus on the method of creating and coding the three-dimensional geometry itself, through the prism of cooperation between various entities and further editing possibilities. The last aspect deals with the extension of the openBIM concept by combining it with the open-source idea. The author bases his considerations on the existing, analyzed scientific material, as well as on his own experience in the everyday of a designer and a teacher.

EXOS: does the retention of salesforce matter in entrepreneurial start-ups?

Learning outcomes The cases highlight the challenges in running a new start-up especially by women in a developing nation such as India in a high growth industry. The success of a business depends on employee motivation, sales, marketing, functional coordination and coordinated efforts from all the executives. Experten Office Supplies Pvt. Ltd. (EXOS) was women empowered entrepreneurial startup (printing) in Mumbai established themselves as a trustable brand among their clientele for their office stationeries need. At Initial stages, they started with a good pace and growth in revenue. Directors of EXOS, Komal and Upasana Sanjay Kumar, were facing a downturn, their declining sales and were stressed regarding the resignation of their core member Pravin. The reasons for the situation were many, including unplanned motivational factors, non-risk-taking ability, no proper sales management (organization structure), planning process issues, lack of reward system and dependency on a person, less marketing initiative. These issues must be resolved to come back in the business, increase its sales, better sales organization structure. After the case analysis, students should be able to: know the key role of marketing and sales as a management function. Develop motivation policies for the salesforce and key team members in the organization. Understand the salesforce retention strategies of the organization. Case overview/synopsis In September 2019, directors of EXOS, Komal and Upasana Sanjay Kumar were discussing the downturn of EXOS and were stressed regarding their declining sales and profit margin. Both were disappointed at the resignation of their Business Manager. They were in worry as the new deal that they were about to get which could have made them earn, but Pravin resigned from the job in short notice. The case has short- and long-term aspects. The short-term aspect is about the decision related to EXOS’s top performer, Pravin, how to retain him, which motivational factor will help him to rethink his resignation. The long-term aspect deals with framing a motivation model that will prevent the organization from a similar situation in the future. The case outlines the human resource management issues and particularly the importance of motivation to retain the talent of a small startup firm. Directors recognize the importance of Pravin and they have a realization that the deal on which Pravin is working is critical. Under this situation, Upasana has to stop Pravin. Complexity academic level Undergraduate, Master of Business Administration (MBA) or in the Management Development Programs. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS: 8 Marketing.

Macro scale material characterisation in support of meso scale modelling of masonry under uniaxial in-plane loading

The amount of detailed experimental data on the mechanical properties of brick masonry in the literature is limited regarding the orthotropic strength and fracture energy. A combined experimental/numerical methodology is proposed for the derivation of the macro scale properties of masonry. The experimental aspect deals with the mechanical characterisation of the individual materials, small masonry samples and masonry wallettes, including the relation of couplet to wallette strength. The numerical aspect is the calculation of the macroscopic properties of the masonry through discrete cracking calculations in two orthogonal directions. The numerical analysis results are compared with the experimental stress-strain results and Digital Image Correlation analysis. The Young's modulus and compressive fracture energy for the masonry composite are derived. The results are analysed in view of the resulting anisotropy of masonry and the obtained failure modes.

Macro scale material characterisation in support of meso scale modelling of masonry under uniaxial in-plane loading

The amount of detailed experimental data on the mechanical properties of brick masonry in the literature is limited regarding the orthotropic strength and fracture energy. A combined experimental/numerical methodology is proposed for the derivation of the macro scale properties of masonry. The experimental aspect deals with the mechanical characterisation of the individual materials, small masonry samples and masonry wallettes, including the relation of couplet to wallette strength. The numerical aspect is the calculation of the macroscopic properties of the masonry through discrete cracking calculations in two orthogonal directions. The numerical analysis results are compared with the experimental stress-strain results and Digital Image Correlation analysis. The Young's modulus and compressive fracture energy for the masonry composite are derived. The results are analysed in view of the resulting anisotropy of masonry and the obtained failure modes.

Learning vocabularies using multimedia-based Teaching Indonesian to Speakers of Other Languages (TISOL)

This research aims (1) to develop Indoesian vocabulary learning multimedia in TISOL Program for foreign students, (2) to reveal the quality of learning media viewed from content, learning, appearance, and programming aspects, (3) to know foreign students’ learning mastery after learning Indonesian vocabularies with using multimedia. It was a developmental research. Research validators were an expert in TISOL and an expert in learning multimedia. Research subjects consist of five foreign students tested one by one, and twenty-five students tested in a huge group. Research insturments were questionnaire, observation, and questions for pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed by using the descriptive statistics technique. The results show the followings. (1) The development of Indonesian vocabulary learning multimedia is TISOL program with six stages, namely analyzing, designing, producing, validating, revising, and testing. (2) The quality of developed learning multimedia from content, learning, appearance, and programming aspects is good. With using a scale from 1-5 score, the content aspect shows an average score of 3.75, learning aspect indicates average score of 3.71, appearance aspect deals with an average score of 3.87, and programming aspect reflects an average score of 3.75. (3) Interest aspect shows that developed learning multimedia is very interesting as demonstrated in one-by-one test, in which from three students observed, two of them respond that the product is very interesting, but one claims that the the product is interesting; while developed learning multimedia gets different responds in a huge group test, in which from twenty students, tweleve students state that the product is very interesting and the rest state that the product is interesting. (4) The use of Indonesian vocabulary learning multimedia in TISOL program gives a good impact to students’ learning mastery. In a huge group test, there are 19 students (95%) who master Indonesian vocabularies in tisol program.

A Study of Dalit Feminism in Bama's Sangati

Patriarchy is considered to be a big rival of women literature. In association with this, exploitation or oppression of weaker by stronger is nothing new. Feminism or feminist aspect deals with society in general and woman in particular. ‘The Woman’ and ‘The Dalit’ are marginalized, hegemonized and downgraded. This paper examines the varied underlined, invisible ways of sufferings embedded in the lives of the Dalit community, particularly women and their lived experiences portrayed in Bama’s Sangati. It also discusses how Dalit women are constantly exploited by the powerful caste- Hindus and experiences faced by the two protagonists: Mariamma and Maikkanni in the novel. In the light of this background the paper delineates how Bama analyzed and characterized many individual stories in Dalit life.