Aru Islands Research Articles

Design of drainage system on industrial area Kampung Cina, Dobo City, Aru Islands Regency, based on Eco drainage using with HEC-RAS 4.0

This study aim to plan a drainage system in the Industrial area of Kampung Cina Dobo City that can overcome the problems of inundation occurred. The inundation is caused by the drainage channel that has not been properly arranged and is still in the form of a natural drainage channel, most of which still use the road drainage network whose condition is not functioning properly due to sediment and garbage which results in many drainage channels being cut off. Data processing is carried out with two analyzes including hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. The hydraulics analysis includes channel section planning and drainage system modeling with HEC-RAS 4.0 software. In conventional drainage discharge flowing in the channel before the end of drain amounted to 1,136 m3/sec. Once added a retention pond with a capacity of 10.358 m3 with 5 scenario dimensions spillway. The results of modeling obtained by the reduction of the maximum flood flow is 1,07 ms / sec with dimensions of aperture is 8 m x 0,8 m and lower the water level in the upstream channel by 31 cm and 44 cm in the downstream channel.

Recent Sediment Analysis, Study Case: Sub Bottom Profiler Data Line 8 Geomarine Research Vessels

<p>North Aru Island’s offshore had a long exploration history since 1973 until present. The characteristics of seabed can be studied through the shapes, acoustic reflection pattern, type of substrate or sediment, or by living organisms at the seafloor. In Indonesia, the sub-bottom profiler data was previously only used to measure sea depth. This study was expected to provide overview and updated information about sea depth, seabed and sedimentary layers characteristics based on generated acoustical reflection values and to identify information about abiotic compounding seabed (grain size) used methods Folk 1974 and Spread. Resulted bathymetry data could explain the depth and topography of study areas, seabed characteristics, sea bed sediment classification that were expected to support the determination of shipping tracked lines, underwater pipelines construction, and to determine mineral compounds in the deep sea. The obtained data of field records were in digital *.odc format that is a standard format for BATHY-2010 software. In order to simplify data processing, there would be a series data conversion process into other formats. Data processing of sub-bottom profiling was conducted by Kogeo-imaging software. For more clear and better look than the playback data, the processing data was undergone some steps of treatments such as filtering, stacking and additional gain. Moreover, those data were interpreted at once time with digitizing to interpreted sediment layers. The sea depth of research location was around 52.59-97.03 below the sea surface. Sea bottom formed land (flat) was in the eastern part of the location. Steep basin or Aru Trough was in the western with type substrate of gravelly mud. In general, recorded seismic cut (section) was in the time domain which created vertical velocity distortion and lateral that would produce seismic records that would be different with its actual. Seismic only enabled to detect lithology border if there any acoustical impedance exchange which would be bigger than detectable limit of used seismic waves.</p>

Oral traditions in cryptic song lyrics; Continuous cultural revitalization in Batuley

Oral knowledge and teachings are referenced but not salient in cryptic song lyrics sung at ritual festivals in Batuley villages of the Aru Islands in Eastern Indonesia. The article examines the relation of the lyrics in songs to associated teachings and how they are vitalized and transmitted over centuries with veracity. Song teachings relate to pearl oyster and sea cucumber harvests, and cosmological beliefs associated with the Maluku Siwa-Lima trade-based moiety system, which took on a unique form in the Aru Islands. Song-related teachings demonstrate cultural adaptations giving meaning to centuries of peripheral engagement in hemispheric trade networks by a geographically isolated community. The article evaluates the role of historical truth in building community and identity within a minority culture and language group.

A reflection on a peripheral movement; The “Save Aru” social movement 2013-2015 from a historical perspective

This article examines the struggle of the Aru Islands community to preserve their forests and their natural environment in the shape of the “Save Aru” social movement from 2013 to 2015. Today this social movement is still alive and kicking. In 2010, the Aru Islands community was taken by surprise by the plan of a private corporation (PT Menara Group or PT MG) to annex forest areas in the Aru Islands in order to convert them into sugar-cane plantations. Their outrage at this plan spurred the citizens of Aru to fight the might of this corporate and preserve their forests and environment. Not all has gone smoothly as the civil society movement in Aru has been divided into pro-splitting and counter-splitting on a regional division agenda. Meanwhile, this exploitative business has become a scourge for the Aru people who want to preserve their forests and the environment as a whole. Thanks to the campaign, environmental awareness appears to be growing rather than abating among the Aru Islands community. Young people in the Aru have been sharing their stories about the natural resources around them under threat from the power of private corporate capital with friends, family, and neighbours. The danger of deforestation by private corporations is a problem and a challenge that must be faced by all communities, whether they be Aru, Indonesian, or international, who care about the preservation of the forests in the Aru Islands as a “lung” of the world, helping to reduce the effects of global warming and the ozone depletion.

Between resistance and co-operation; Contact zones in Aru Islands in the VOC period

The article is focused on early colonial interaction with the Aru Islands, geographically located in southern Maluku, at the easternmost end of the Indian Ocean world. The study examines how relationships were constructed in the course of the seventeenth century, how they were institutionalized and how this engendered forms of hybridity. Moreover, it discusses forms of resistance and avoidance in relation to the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Aru constitutes an interesting case as it is was one of the easternmost places in the world in which Islam and Christianity gained a (limited) foothold in the early-modern period, and it also marked the outer limit of Dutch authority. Aru differed from most geographical areas approached by the VOC because of its lack of any large-scale political structures and its relatively non-hierarchical society. The article discusses the forging of Dutch-Arunese political ties after the Banda massacre in 1621, as well as the role of Asian competitors of the VOC such as the Makassarese and Ceramese, the increasing adaptation to world religions in an Arunese setting, conditions in the European-indigenous contact zones and, finally, the conflicts arising from the imbalances between western and eastern Aru, in which the VOC repeatedly intervened to suppress the villages of the Backshore (east coast).

Tamalola; Transregional connectivities, Islam, and anti-colonialism on an Indonesian island

The present study focuses on a set of events in the Aru Islands, Maluku, in the late eighteenth century which are documented in some detail by Dutch records. A violent rebellion with Muslim and anti-European overtones baffled the Dutch colonialists (VOC) and led to a series of humiliations for the Company on Aru, before eventually being subdued. As one of the main catalysts of the conflict stands the chief Tamalola from the Muslim island Ujir. Interestingly, this persons also a central figure in local traditions from Ujir. Moreover, his story connects with wider cultural and economic networks in eastern Indonesia. Thus the article asks how the imprints of the Tamalola figure in textual and non-textual sources can add to our knowledge of how communities of Eastern Indonesia ordered their lives outside colonial control.

The lives of things on Pulau Ujir; Aru’s engagement with commercial expansion

In places with limited access to manufactured goods, people must develop creative strategies to make the most of available materials, both those produced by humans and those taken from the natural world. Although Pulau Ujir, in the Aru Islands, has a long history of engagement with global trade networks, until recently the community’s access to manufactured goods was limited and infrequent. As a result, in the past objects there tended to take on new lives, and still do today: they are modified, re-purposed, and recycled in ingenious ways. This article explores the relationship between people and things in Ujir from the perspectives of object biography and Actor Network Theory. I argue that the complex “life stories” of material things in such conditions of scarcity deserve special attention, because they may explain not only puzzling archaeological phenomena, but also aspects of the social lives of the people who used andreused them. Two modified and repurposed fragments, one of porcelain and one of glass, serve as examples.

The pearl rush in Aru, 1916; A case study in writing commodity history in Southeast Asia

While the long history of “commerce” in Southeast Asia is well studied, less examination has been made of the histories of capitalism, particularly in terms of the encounters that took place around commodities. This article provides a translation and analysis of a description of Dobo on Aru in 1911. At the time it was a “Klondike”, on what Julia Martinez and I have termed “the pearl frontier”. The Aru islands were the site for an Australian-led pearl shell consortium that ran from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1940s, which brought in a large number of Japanese divers and other Asian and Pacific workers. Examining relations around the pearling industry provides a number of general methodological points of entry into the ways that commodity relations created encounters with modernity.

The killing ofPosthouderScheerder andJifar Folfolun(The War of the Breasts): Malukan and Dutch narratives of an incident in the VOC's waning days

The Aru Islands in southeastern Maluku have a long history of economic exchange and colonial relations with the Dutch East India Company (VOC), and later the Dutch colonial state. Aru was fragmented in smaller autonomous settlements, of which those in the east produced valuable items for export, such as pearls and tripang (edible sea cucumber). The article focuses on a spate of anti-colonial revolts in the waning days of the VOC in the 1790s. It centred on the Batuley villages situated on a few small islands on the eastern side. The central incident leading to the resistance was the killing of a Dutch low-ranking officer, Scheerder, an event which has been preserved in local tradition till the present day. A search in the VOC archives confirms several details, but suggests a rationale for the resistance which is partly different from the traditional version, and linked in with larger movements of resistance in Aru and Maluku. The article discusses the significance of the oral traditions, and how a comparison with archival materials can enrich our understanding of Arunese–Dutch relations.

Addition Effect of Petrasoil Additive Material on CBR Value of Soil in Swamp Areas

Some road construction projects use petrasoil additive to increase soil stabilization, one of then is the Improvement of Tabarfane-Hokmar (Chemical Petrasoil) Road Project in Aru Selatan Timur District, Aru Islands. To obtain the influence of petrasoil aditive material as soil stabilization in swamp areas, a research is needed. petrasoil additives that powder shape are dissolved in water with 3 variations, namely 500 liters, 750 liters, and 1000 liters of water. Tests which carried out include compaction testing, index properties, and CBR. The results showed that the addition of petrasoil mixture with water without being combined with other added ingredients could lead to increasingly unstable soil conditions where the soil water content increased and the dry weight of the soil diminished, meaning that soil density decreases, and the CBR value of soil decreases.

History of Chinese Communities in the District Aru Islands

Ethnicity Chinese is group society nomads who almost occupy all over Indonesian territory arrived in remote areas even though even ethnicity this is almost too occupy all countries in the world. Existence of ethnicity Chinese in Aru has a long history and very interesting for examined. The Problem in research this is: how history society Chinese in the District The Aru Islands with use Method historical research. Historian England, Robin George Collingwood (1889-1943), gave three understanding about history, namely: (1) all history is history thinking, (2) knowledge history is enforcement back thought in mind historians whose history is being studied , and (3) knowledge history is a business inviting back thoughts of the past are wrapped up in context thoughts today are with contradict it, limit it from different fields from field them (Collingwood 2004: 134-139). It seems Collinwood is more emphasis on history thoughts and how the historian uses his mind to understand various things that are in event history. Way of thinking this is also dominant in thought the history of Michel Foucault (1926-1984) who tended to the history of ideas or thought (Foucault 2002). He admitted that history Indeed is ' cheap ' fields to anyone who wants to learn it, but on him also there space astray for those who aren't able to dive in room knowledge history in a manner deep particularly related with network knowledge unvisible. Research results showing that: Arrival ethnicity Chinese in Aru are caused because of reason economy because the difficulty life economy in China are urging the community to do migrant Exit from China. Aru with various results earth especially results in the sea that is pearls, Lola, sea cucumbers, and fish and bird paradise make Pull the power itself alone for migrants including ethnicity Chinese. Social adaptation conducted by ethnicity Chinese to the Aru community is very binding life social The Aru community own because ethnicity Chinese in life daily not create differently or distance between they are.

Early human settlement of Sahul was not an accident

The first peopling of Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and the Aru Islands joined at lower sea levels) by anatomically modern humans required multiple maritime crossings through Wallacea, with at least one approaching 100 km. Whether these crossings were accidental or intentional is unknown. Using coastal-viewshed analysis and ocean drift modelling combined with population projections, we show that the probability of randomly reaching Sahul by any route is <5% until ≥40 adults are ‘washed off’ an island at least once every 20 years. We then demonstrate that choosing a time of departure and making minimal headway (0.5 knots) toward a destination greatly increases the likelihood of arrival. While drift modelling demonstrates the existence of ‘bottleneck’ crossings on all routes, arrival via New Guinea is more likely than via northwestern Australia. We conclude that anatomically modern humans had the capacity to plan and make open-sea voyages lasting several days by at least 50,000 years ago.

Customary Law Associated with Five Integrated Aspects in Developing Traditional Coastal and Marine Protections for Improving Social People Life and Natural Products in Aru Islands Region of Maluku Province, Indonesia

In present on going work, we report the frontier interdisciplinary findings about customary law associated with five integrated aspects such as (1). History, (2). Laws, (3). Culture, (4). Science, and (5). Geoscience (or earth and space science) connected directly to the development of traditional coastal and marine protection to improve social people life in Aru region of ~804 small islands with its highest average hills of ~ 50 meter, south east part of Maluku province, Indonesia. The 5 integrated aspects were then investigated to be associated with a system of 6 customary actions as follows: (1). Features, (2). Characters, (3). Connectivity, (4). Sustainable development, (5). Similarity, and (6). Attitudes. Each of these 6 customary actions was very close to an indicator of social people daily lives such as (1) novel idea, (2) services, (3) tradition, (4) social interactions and (5) protections, except for the sustainable development which has been in conjunction with 2 indicators of economy impacts and building strength. The data was collected, identified, and then analyzed by using direct questioner consisted of 50 questions each in 2 different villages of Wokam and Karang Guli. These findings suggest that customary laws practiced traditionally in Aru region are rich or benefits to improve the local people income in order to sustain their traditional coastal and marine life. The research discovery in this simple paper may be applicable to many different fields of study such as in (1) science, (2) engineering and (3) medical practice based on its significant finding of the different between international customary law and the basic principle and essential of customary law.

SCIENCE NATURE VOL. 2(2), PP.90-127, June 2019 (PDF of FULL MAGAZINE)

This issue entitled as NEW MAN has 5 original papers from 3 different countries authors of Indonesia, Canada and Malaysia. The incredible things in this issue are about customary laws findings in Aru islands region of 804 small islands to improve local people life from coastal marine areas, and the discovery of new herbal medicine products based on Galoba (zingiberaceae fruits) Maluku called as Herbal Blessing which is better than former Love herbal invented from STIKES Halmahera. Another conceptual thought to expand the improvement of nanobattery research was about anti-crack and a bit elastic nanobattery system for future technology and multitasking applications. &#x0D;

Islam in Aru, Indonesia

ABSTRACTThe coming of Islam in eastern Indonesia is generally assigned to the activities of Muslim traders from the late 15th century onwards. This assumption is an over-simplification, especially in areas outside the main trade centres. In the Aru islands, Islam was introduced by the mid 17th century. We argue that Islamisation in Aru was initially a matter of internal considerations, rather than trade. We present oral traditions about the expansion of Islam as seen from two locations: Ujir, the historical Muslim centre in Aru on the west coast, and Benjuring, a former stronghold of local ancestral beliefs in the east. The oral sources are juxtaposed with European accounts of the 17th century when Muslim and Protestant centres first developed in Aru. The coming of Islam forced people to either convert or leave for non-Muslim areas. By late colonial times (early 20th century), both Islam and the Protestant church had reached remote villages. The most recent wave of conversions in Aru to state-approved world religions took place in the 1970s. In the last 30 years, the population in Aru has grown, especially in the regency capital Dobo. While Muslims used to be a small minority in Aru with their main centre on Ujir island, the point of gravity has shifted to Dobo, a fast-growing town with a large influx of mostly Muslims from other parts of Indonesia. Islamisation is still ongoing in Aru and the character of Islam is changing.

Valuation of EAFM Indicators in Raja ampat and Aru Islands Districts

EAFM implementation need indicators that could be used as tools of monotoring and evaluation about to what extent a fisheries management has been aplicated the principles of ecosystem-based management. The aim of study of EAFM indicators valuation is to evaluate the perform of fisheries resources management with approach of EAFM indicators in Raja Ampat and Aru Islands Districts. EAFM indicators include 6 domains that are : (1) fish resources, (2) habitat and ecosystem, (3) fishing techniques, (4) Economy, (5) Social, and (6) institusional. Methods of data taking was carried out with survey method by means of interview/questionnaires and FGD (Foccus Group Discussion). Determination of samples quantity use purposive sampling. The evaluation result against domains of EAFM in Raja Ampat District ranged between 48.3 – 80.0. This is indicate that status of ecosystem-based region management in Raja Ampat District belonging in category noderate till excelent. The evaluation result against domains of EAFM in Aru Islands District ranged between 57.2 – 93.3. This is indicate that status of ecosystem-based region management in Aru Islands District belonging in category m oderate till excelent. Key words: EAFM, indicators, Raja Ampat, Aru Islands

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FOR MARINE TOURISM OF SMALL ISLANDS IN THE ARU ISLANDS, MALUKU

Abstract. Marine tourism is an important attraction of natural tourism Indonesia today. Consisting of small islands and considered as outer region, Aru Islands, as one of the districts in the Maluku province has potential for marine tourism-based coastal and small islands supported cultural potential, so it is suitable to be developed as a maritime destination. Marine tourism should be managed with conservation and ecological approach to community-based, it is in accordance with the conditions in which the tourist sites in the coastal area adjacent to the local community. The aims of this study were to identify potential marine tourism Aru Islands; to identify issues, challenges and formulate strategies and recommendations for marine tourism development that capable of accommodating the interests of society also the conservation of coastal and small islands. Resources for development of nature-based marine tourism were identified and assessed in the Aru Islands. The study results showed that as an archipelago, the Aru Islands have some 42 potential and attractiveness of a total of 88 marine tourism potential and attractions. Aru Islands also has unique and distinctive cultural and culinary for supporting the development of marine tourism. As a new destination, Aru Islands need a comprehensive and holistic development strategy. The approach includes physical and infrastructure improvement, management and institutions, marketable tourism products, and the development of a host community. These approaches to ensure tourism development in Aru Islands grow sustainably.

LOCAL MATERIAL TESTING FOR PAVEMENT MATERIAL ON REMOTE AND OUTMOST ISLAND

Road infrastructure development in remote and outmost islands such as Mentawai, Aru, and Morotai faced a problem i.e. dificulty in the availability of standard material. The standard material had to be transported from other areas that taking a long time and high cost of transportation. In fact, the three islands had abundant materials. However, there was no study conducted to examine the properties of the local material. The study aim was to find out the physical properties of pavement material that will be the basis of pavement design. The research began with the selection of material, discussion with experts, coordination with involved parties, site observation, and laboratory test. The analysis of testing result used comparative analysis that compared test result to certain standard. Based on the analysis, local material from Mentawai Islands was suitable for foundation layer with cement stabilization 6%. Coral from Aru Island and limestone from Momojiu Morotai Island could also be utilized for foundation layer. Limestone from Rau Morotai Island utilized for aspalt mixture. Sand from Aru Island and sea sand from Morotai Island could be used for aspalt mixture and concrete cement mixture.

Palaeogeography and voyage modeling indicates early human colonization of Australia was likely from Timor-Roti

Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs) dispersed rapidly through island southeast Asia (Sunda and Wallacea) and into Sahul (Australia, New Guinea and the Aru Islands), before 50,000 years ago. Multiple routes have been proposed for this dispersal and all involve at least one multi-day maritime voyage approaching 100 km. Here we use new regional-scale bathymetry data, palaeoenvironmental reconstruction, an assessment of vertical land movements and drift modeling to assess the potential for an initial entry into northwest Australia from southern Wallacea (Timor-Roti). From ∼70,000 until ∼10,000 years ago, a chain of habitable, resource-rich islands were emergent off the coast of northwest Australia (now mostly submerged). These were visible from high points close to the coast on Timor-Roti and as close as 87 km. Drift models suggest the probability of accidental arrival on these islands from Timor-Roti was low at any time. However, purposeful voyages in the summer monsoon season were very likely to be successful over 4–7 days. Genomic data suggests the colonizing population size was >72–100 individuals, thereby indicating deliberate colonization. This is arguably the most dramatic early demonstration of the advanced cognitive abilities and technological capabilities of AMHs, but one that could leave little material imprint in the archaeological record beyond the evidence that colonization occurred.

Illegal fishing and fisheries crime as a transnational organized crime in Indonesia

Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is increasingly drawing international attention and coastal states strengthen their efforts to address it as a matter of priority due to its severe implications for food, economic, environmental and social security. As the largest archipelagic country in the world, this is especially problematic for Indonesia. In this already complex geographical and security environment, the authors test the hypothesis that IUU fishing and fisheries crime(s) classify as transnational organized criminal activities. The article argues that IUU fishing is much more than simply a fisheries management issue, since it goes hand in hand with fisheries crime. As a result, although the two concepts are quite distinct, they are so closely interlinked and interrelated throughout the entire value chain of marine fisheries, that they can only be managed effectively collectively by understanding them both within the framework of transnational organized crime. To make this argument, the research utilizes qualitative and quantitative data collected from approximately two thousand trafficked fishers, rescued in 2015 from slavery conditions while stranded in two remote Indonesian locations: Benjina on Aru island and on Ambon island. The article’s findings also unveil new trends relating to the inner workings of the illegal fishing industry, in four different, yet interlinked categories: recruitment patterns and target groups; document forgery; forced labor and abuse; and fisheries violations. The paper concludes by confirming the hypothesis and highlights that IUU fishing provides the ideal (illegal) environment for fisheries crimes and other forms of transnational organized crimes to flourish.