Artificial Stomach Research Articles

Modifications in the technique of gastric lavage

A simple experimental model was used to demonstrate the effects of water temperature and mechanical agitation in removing pills during gastric lavage. It was nearly impossible to remove pills from an artificial stomach using room temperature water and no mechanical agitation, Using warm tap water and repetitive compressions of the artificial stomach, the pills were consistently removed with ease. We recommend that gastric lavage for poisoning victims include two phases, the first using traditional lavage technique, and the second using larger aliquots, warm lavage fluid, and massage of the epigastrium.

Early complications and early mortality of various operative methods of gastrectomy (author's transl)

From 1959-1976, 183 gastrectomies were performed in the Chirurgische Klinik of the University of Tübingen, for gastric carcinoma. The average mortality for the operations was 19.1%, postoperative complications occurred in 41% of the cases. The most frequent cause of death was failure of the oesophageal anastomoses. The two methods most commonly used, Longmire-Gütgemann's interposition of small intestine and oesophagojejunostomy with Braun's anastomosis, differ considerably in the complication rate and mortality. The interposition of small intestine, with almost indentical preoperative and intraoperative risk factors, an operative mortality of 4.4% and distinctly less danger of anastomotic failure was shown to be superior to the technically simple oesophagojejunostomy. The formation of an "artificial stomach" in gastrectomy is therefore to be preferred to all other surgical methods of reconstruction of the intestinal passage, not only because of the better late results but also because of the better early results.

STUDIES ON THE INFECTION MODE OF HOOKWORMS WITH REFERENCE TO ORAL INFECTION IN HUMANS WITH LARVAE OF NECATOR AMERICANUS SOAKED IN HUMAN DEFIBRINATED BLOOD

A considerable amount of research has been reported on the infection routes of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale in humans. The infection routes of hookworms, however, are still a matter of speculation. In order to elucidate this problem, the following experiments were carried out by the author.1) The larvae of infective N. americanus were soaked in human defibrinated blood for 96 hours at 28°C, and those larvae were examined the degree of their development and resistance to artificial stomach acid. Those larvae did not develop and their resistance to artificial stomach acid, also, was unchanged.2) Those larvae were administered into the stomachs of 4 volunteers. No one had complained of subjective symptom, and the blood pictures in 3 out of 4 volunteers showed slight eosinophilic leukocytosis.Infertilized eggs in one out of those 3 cases were found in his feces and two females of N. americanus were expelled by anthelmintic treatment.

Radioactive Dilution Indicator

A new method of quantitative gastric analysis has been devised which permits the simultaneous measurement of gastric secretion and emptying in response to a meal containing a radioactive dilution indicator. This procedure is not designed to supplant the conventional tests now in use, but should prove useful in evaluating the effects of various foods and pharmacologic agents on gastric function in health and disease. This method, which utilizes the principle of isotopic dilution, is based on the assumption that both the secretory and emptying rates are independent of gastric volume and that both the secretory and emptying rates are constant throughout the test. Although it is known that gastric emptying rates vary and that secretion and emptying are dependent upon the size of the gastric volume, the error produced by these physiologic adjustments may be smaller than that encountered with conventional methods of aspiration. Soluble dyes have been used by others in demonstrating the dilution principle. los Formulas derived from such studies have been applied to the artificial stomach experiments described in the appendix, as well as to clinical studies. When the radioactive dilution test was used in experiments with the artificial stomach, which provides ideal conditions, the over-all percentage error was less than 5 per cent. Although the in vivo test is probably not limited to the same percentage error, a reasonable correlation was found to exist between calculated volumes from isotope dilution data and true volumes measured directly in the artificial stomach experiments. It is customary to assume that the fasting stomach is completely emptied by conventional blind aspiration. Measurements by means of a radioactive dilution indicator, as reported elsewhere,4 showed a significant residuum of gastric juice after conventional aspiration in most cases. The gastric residuum was considered in all subsequent calculations (appendix, formula 1). The test is begun by emptying the stomach as completely as possible by blind aspiration. A known amount of radioactive tracer material is added (first test meal) to the unknown volume of gastric residuum. After the two

Continuous Rectal Alimentation; an Artificial Stomach

Continuous Rectal Alimentation; an Artificial Stomach