Assessment of Functional Adequacy in Normative Business Administration Texts: A Case Study on Articles of Association (AoA) Translation Practices

This study investigates the efficacy of introducing governance as binding articles in the Articles of Association (AOA) of family businesses in Saudi Arabia, given the legislative reforms provided by the new Saudi Companies Law of 2022. The research points out that advantages will be brought by such enhanced transparency, accountability, and professional management practices, bringing family businesses up to international standards. Despite challenges such as resistance from family members, implementation complexity, and balancing traditional values with modern governance, the reforms provide substantial advantages. The case study of Saudi stock market companies illustrates the positive impact of phased governance reforms. Recommendations for successful implementation include engaging family members, leveraging external advisors, developing clear governance articles, providing training, and continuous monitoring. In all, these reforms serve as a giant stride toward ensuring that there is a strong, transparent, and sustainable business environment. This guarantees the long-term success and competitiveness of family businesses in Saudi Arabia.

On 1 January 2023, revisions to the corporate law came into force which, among other things, allow Swiss companies to include a statutory arbitration clause in their articles of association (AoA) in respect of corporate disputes. Unless drafted otherwise, such arbitration clauses will bind the general meeting, the board of directors, the auditors and the shareholders. In such cases, corporate disputes will be conducted solely in the private sphere. In this regard, the Swiss Arbitration Centre published a Model Statutory Arbitration Clause and supplemental rules for corporate law disputes in Autumn 2022. This article analyses the new possibility for statutory arbitration clauses in Switzerland and evaluates the importance of the supplemental rules in practice. Corporate Law Disputes, Statutory Arbitration Clauses, Swiss Rules, Supplemental Swiss Rules for Corporate Disputes, Arbitration, Switzerland, Lex Arbitri, Comparative Analysis, Participation of Third Parties, Confidentiality

The tourism sector is currently the government's flagship program, one of which is ecotourism. Inaccordance with government regulations, the development of natural tourism is required to empower localcommunities through the active role of the community in planning, utilization, and control activities.Communities who are members of the Pengambang Hamlet Tourism Awareness Group are currently activelyworking together to build the Semut Island ecotourism object on the banks of the Siak River. They still need alot of help from other parties, one of which is assistance in the preparation of organizational andinstitutional structures. This task was carried out by the Lancang Kuning University Service Team. Thepreparation of the organizational structure is carried out through a deliberation process, where themanagement is filled by all active members. Meanwhile, the institutional arrangement is in the form of draftregulations which will later become the material for the Articles of Association and Bylaws. Assistance topartners requires a long duration of time along with the stages of development to the stage of operating inan established manner. Therefore, assistance for managing the organization and making the Articles ofAssociation and Bylaws is still needed.

A BETTER WAY

The objectives in this study are as follows: (a) to analyze the responsibility of notary public in the creation of an affirmation deed of the amendment of an association. (b) To analyse the legal consequences for a notary public who carries out responsibility for the creation of the affirmation deed of the association's Articles on an unmeticulously and inscrutiny basis. This thesis uses normative research methods, by collecting and analyzing the legal materials in a descriptive order to get an overview or exposure of the problem in the study. The result of this study that the responsibility of the notary in the creation of the deed of either the deed of association, the deed of change or the deed of affirmation, the first is the responsibility in fulfilling the formyl element a deed which means an authentic deed functioning for its complete or perfect ( not for the validity of ) an act of law, then the act must be set in an authentic. Second, to fulfill the element as a tool of evidence in the day. While the legal consequences for the notary public who carry out duties and responsibilities are not carefully and do not cause a deed has no strength as an authentic deed because it does not fulfill the elements of formyl and proof function, then the notary in question can be held accountable both the civil, criminal and administratively. Keywords : notary, deed, responsibility DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/98-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020

The subject of taxation with this tax are civil law transactions enumerated in art. 1 of the PCC Act. Unnamed civil law transactions as well as activities not listed in the catalog contained in this article are not taxable. The tax on civil law transactions – as an indirect tax – is a complement to the regulations on the tax on goods and services, i.e. it includes primarily reliable turnover of assets. The activities charged with the tax on civil law transactions are enumerated in art. 1 of the PCC Act. This means that those activities that were not explicitly listed by the legislator in the catalog are not subject to the tax. Moreover, this tax does not apply to contracts that have no equivalent in art. 1 clause 1 of the PCC Act, even if they contain elements of contracts subject to tax. Since the Act on PCC contains a closed list of activities subject to taxation, and when defining this catalog, uses the terms of private law or introduces his own concepts (e.g. change in the articles of association), there is reasonable doubt. The use of the notion of private law under the tax law makes it necessary to determine the scope of the concept which: occurs in tax law, has a term identical to the one used in civil law, is not explained in tax law, but is explained (i.e. it is known its scope) in civil law. One of the activities that subject to tax on civil law transactions is the articles of association and amendment to the articles of associatio n.

The Board of Directors is the only organ of the company that has power, authority and is fullyresponsible for managing the company solely for the interests of a company, in accordancewith the company's goals and objectives, and has the power, authority and responsibility torepresent the company both inside and outside the court with the provisions of the articles ofassociation that have been made. Directors in the Company have a term of office as stated inthe Deed of Establishment of a Limited Liability Company. If the term of office of the Board ofDirectors is exhausted, then it must be done by the GMS. If the Board of Directors does nothold a GMS, then the position of the Board of Directors is not valid before the Law and doesnot have an interest in representing the Company either inside or outside the Court.Keywords : Directors, RUPS, Court

This study addresses the arbitrability of corporate law disputes and the validity of arbitration clauses stipulated in the articles of association (AoA) of joint stock companies, and compares Turkish law with German and Swiss jurisdictions in particular. While corporate law disputes are considered arbitrable, disputes concerning invalidity of corporate decisions and actions for dissolution are heavily debated. The paper argues that both types of disputes are arbitrable, albeit judicial dissolution requests accommodate practical hurdles. It is also argued that arbitral awards should be granted the erga omnes effect, as long as the interested third parties are provided with the necessary procedural protection. Furthermore, arbitration clauses can be validly stipulated in the AoA of privately held joint stock companies. However, the binding effect of the arbitration clause in question depends on its legal nature, namely, korporative or formell. Addressing this issue, the paper proposes to adopt a two-step test. Finally, it suggests practicable legislative recommendations and a model arbitration clause in order to enable and facilitate arbitration in corporate law disputes.

Final Report of the 2004–2005 Bylaws and Policy Development Committee

Final Report of the 2002–2003 Bylaws and Policy Development Committee

In Flanders, the political scene is divided in two by the 'cordon sanitaire' : none of the Flemish political parties want to make any political arrangement with the Vlaams Blok (Flemish Bloc), an extreme-right populistic party that is considered to be undemocratic. The undemocratic reproaches not only refer to the extreme-right ideology, but also point at the internal functioning of the Vlaams Blok. In this article we discuss the results of a comparative study of the articles ofassociation ofthe Flemish political parties. This study was set up to test the undemocratic reproaches by practical experience, and shows that the internal organisation ofthe Vlaams Blok reallyfunctions undemocraticly compared to the other Flemish political parties.

Committee to Consider Revision of Association's Articles

Transactions of the Philological SocietyVolume 27, Issue 2 p. 165-167 Memorandum of Association OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY, TO BE REGISTERED WITH ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION. First published: November 1916 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968X.1916.tb00173.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume27, Issue2November 1916Pages 165-167 RelatedInformation