Peer-reviewed Scientific Journal Articles Research Articles

Is it the people or the place? The remarkable 30-year period of integrative physiology research in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder.

Historically, programs of physical education and sport were housed in gymnasium buildings on academic campuses. As physical education evolved to the more scientifically focused successor departments of exercise science and kinesiology, faculty specialization developed in the physiology of exercise. With time, some faculty broadened their research to study the integrative physiology of other biological states and stressors. Through this series of events, a small group of integrative physiologists was formed in the Carlson Gymnasium at the University of Colorado Boulder during the 1990s with the goal of conducting novel biomedical research. The challenges were daunting: no contemporary core laboratory facilities, lack of temperature control, piercing external noise, pests, regular flooding, electrical power outages, and lack of funds for renovation. Despite these obstacles, the group established an innovative program of translational physiological research ranging from high-throughput molecular analyses to cell models to rodent studies to clinical trials in humans. These investigators supported their work with grant awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), American Heart Association, and private research foundations totaling ∼$80 M in direct costs from the late 1980s to 2020. Collectively, the faculty and their laboratory personnel published ∼950 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Over that period, 379 undergraduate students, 340 graduate students, 84 postdoctoral fellows, and dozens of junior research faculty received scientific training in Carlson, supported by >$21 M in extramural funding. What was accomplished by this handful of integrative physiologists speaks to the importance of the qualities of the investigators rather than their research facilities in determining scientific success.

The Impact of the Travel and Tourism Sector on the Growth of the National Economy

Purpose – This study aimed to examine the interrelationship between the economic development of the country and the development of tourism. This study strived to conceptually categories in TandT sectors recent reports in India and Indonesia. Methodology – This study employed secondary data involving United Nations (UN) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) reports and highly-rated peer-reviewed scientific journal articles. Systematic deductive reasoning was employed to perform UN and IMF report reviews. Findings– The service sector's contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is denoted as a progress predictor. Therefore, organizations are required to adapt tactics and operations in SCs to address current dynamic settings, possibilities, and threats. An essential procedural element involved adequate partner choice in SC to organize and provide competitive package tours. High service sector contribution to the national economy implied industrial advancement. As developing nations, Indonesia and India encompass rapidly advancing service industries on a global scale. Economically, the travel and tourism (TandT) sector proved essential in facilitating GDP and employment opportunities while a competent workforce vitally affected industrial growth and development. In this vein, human resource development is a crucial industrial component. Research limitation/implications – This paper provides several important points that need further research in the future. Some points have been presented regarding the Integration of technological engines and important factors of basic engines in tourism. Originality/value– This study shows the interrelationship between the economic development of the country and the development of tourism. Tourism helps in revitalizing the supply chain sector, which directly affects economic and industrial development and vice versa. This is beneficial for both governments and those in the tourism and economic sectors to make joint and effective cooperation. This research also mentions many important points that may help them to revitalize this relationship.

Supply chain management practices (SCMPs) and performance nexus in developing and emerging economies (DEEs): a systematic review

PurposeThis study aims to synthesize and analyze research on the Supply Chain Management Practices (SCMPs)-performance nexus, examine current knowledge, identify emerging trends, and provide plausible suggestions for future research engagements in the manufacturing sector in the context of Developing and Emerging Economies (DEEs).Design/methodology/approachFollowing a systematic review approach, this study analyzed 20 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles published between 2007 and 2021. The study sample was systematically selected from the Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar databases, following strict evaluation and selection criteria.FindingsNumerous dimensions of SCMPs have been considered in the extant literature; however, six have stood out as the most common. In addition, operational performance stood out as the most widely investigated measure in the SCM literature. Moreover, SCMPs have predominantly shown positive effects on performance outcomes. Methodological issues that future studies should consider are suggested.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size was not sufficiently large relative to the rule of thumb set in the literature because of the scarcity of studies in the manufacturing sector in the DEEs context. Despite these limitations, the results of this study provide crucial insights into knowledge and practice.Originality/valueThis review is the first of its kind to examine the SCMPs-performance nexus in the context of DEEs. Based on the findings of this study, future research directions are proposed.

“How Do I Learn More About this?”: Utilization and Trust of Psychedelic Information Sources Among People Naturalistically Using Psychedelics

ABSTRACTThere is a surge of interest in psychedelics, including new stakeholders and greater media attention. There is a need to examine the information-seeking behavior of people using psychedelics naturalistically, given the importance of preparation and harm-reduction. We examined sources of information for people using psychedelics naturalistically, and the degree to which they are trusted in a large, anonymous, online survey (N = 1221). The most common source of participants’ information on psychedelics was their own experimentation and experiences (79.52%). Most also sought information from Internet websites (61.67%), friends (61.02%), Internet discussion forums (57.08%), books (57%), and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals (54.55%). Few sought information from their primary health care provider (4.83%). Articles published in scientific journals, psychedelic nonprofits, and researchers based in colleges or universities were the most trusted sources of psychedelic information. Government agencies and pharmaceutical companies were the least trusted. Few participants thought that the popular media accurately stated the benefits and risks of psychedelics and most thought that the popular media failed to distinguish between different types of psychedelics. Our results indicate a high level of information seeking among psychedelic users, with a diverse array of information sources typically outside of mainstream health and medical care systems.

Научно-исследовательская работа на кафедре «Инженерная графика» РТУ МИРЭА

Involving students in scientific activities is an important stage in the development of a future scientist. At the same time, the main difficulty is the need to interest the student. One of the factors that can generate such interest is to ensure the spirit of competition in the first attempts at scientific work. To do this, the Department of Engineering Graphics holds two sections in the Scientific and practical conference of students and graduate students of the 
 RTU MIREA: : "Smart Home", for students of radio engineering specialties, where students are engaged in the design and implementation of prototypes of various radio engineering devices and sensors, and "Descriptive Geometry", for students of all areas of education, where they present their projects to the jury both in the field of research of academic geometric knowledge, as well as in the field of their practical application. The authors of the best projects presented in the sections are given the opportunity to speak at the All-Russian Student Competition "Innovative Developments", which is also organized by the Department of Engineering Graphics as part of the All-Russian Student Olympiad for Students in Descriptive Geometry, Engineering and Computer Graphics. For half a year between these events, students correct the project in accordance with the comments made by the jury, and if there are unrealized plans, they finalize them. The next stage in the development of students - participants of the above-mentioned conference and Competition - is the preparation of a scientific article based on their work in journals indexed in the RSCI. The student gains experience in preparing an articles, after which, as a rule, scientific work continues, and the student takes part in various scientific conferences with reports, where he gains experience in speaking to an audience and interacting with it, and also, under the guidance of a supervisor, prepares a scientific article or a number of articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, while gaining experience in communicating with reviewers and correcting their comments on the work. This experience gives the student the skill of independence in further scientific work

Estimating the epidemiology of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the UK: what do we know and what are we missing?

Background: HBV is the leading global cause of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. However, the UK HBV population has not been well characterised, and estimates of UK HBV prevalence and/or incidence vary widely between sources. We aimed to i) extract and summarise existing national HBV prevalence estimates, ii) add a new estimate based on primary care data, and; iii) critique data sources from which estimates were derived. Methods: We undertook a narrative review, searching for national estimates of CHB case numbers in the UK (incorporating incidence, prevalence and/or test positivity data) across a range of overlapping sources, including governmental body reports, publications from independent bodies (including medical charities and non-governmental organisations) and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals. An alternative proxy for population prevalence was obtained via the UK antenatal screening programme which achieves over 95% coverage of pregnant women. We also searched for diagnoses of HBV in the QResearch primary care database based on laboratory tests and standardised coding. Results: We identified six CHB case number estimates, of which three reported information concerning population subgroups, including number of infected individuals across age, sex and ethnicity categories. Estimates among sources reporting prevalence varied from 0.27% to 0.73%, congruent with an estimated antenatal CHB prevalence of <0.5%.Our estimate, based on QResearch data, suggests a population prevalence of ~0.05%, reflecting a substantial underestimation based on primary care records. Discussion: Estimates varied by sources of error, bias and missingness, data linkage, and "blind spots" in HBV diagnoses testing/registration. The UK HBV burden is likely to be concentrated in vulnerable populations who may not be well represented in existing datasets including those experiencing socioeconomic deprivation and/or homelessness, ethnic minorities and people born in high-prevalence countries. This could lead to under- or over-estimation of population prevalence estimation.Multi-agency collaboration is required to fill evidence gaps.

Estimating the epidemiology of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the UK: what do we know and what are we missing?

Background: HBV is the leading global cause of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. However, the UK HBV population has not been well characterised, and estimates of UK HBV prevalence and/or incidence vary widely between sources. We summarised datasets that are available to represent UK CHB epidemiology, considering differences between sources, and discussing deficiencies in current estimates. Methods: We searched for estimates of CHB case numbers in the UK (incorporating incidence and/or prevalence-like data) across a range of available sources, including UK-wide reports from government bodies, publications from independent bodies (including medical charities and non-governmental organisations) and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals to collate estimated positivity rates. An alternative proxy for population prevalence was obtained via the UK antenatal screening programme which achieves over 95% coverage of pregnant women. Results: We identified six CHB case number estimates, of which three reported information concerning population subgroups, including number of infected individuals across age, sex and ethnicity categories. Estimates among sources reporting prevalence varied from 0.27% to 0.73%, congruent with an estimated antenatal CHB prevalence of <0.5%. Discussion: Estimates varied by sources of error, bias and missingness, data linkage, and substantial "blind spots" in consistent testing and registration of HBV diagnoses. The HBV burden in the UK is likely to be concentrated in vulnerable populations who may not be well represented in existing datasets including those experiencing socioeconomic deprivation, ethnic minorities, people experiencing homelessness and people born in high-prevalence countries. Together, these factors could lead to either under- or over-estimation of overall prevalence, and additional efforts are required to provide estimates that best reflect the whole population. Multi-parameter evidence synthesis and back-calculation model methods similar to those used to generate estimates of HCV ad HIV population-wide prevalence may be applicable to HBV.

Recommendatory base for the delivery of specialized medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury in Russia: subject field review

Objective.To evaluate the composition and content of the recommendatory base for delivery of specialized medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury on the territory of the Russian Federation.Material and Methods.The published recommendations specifying the content of the diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and preventive components of the provision of medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury were reviewed. The search for information was carried out in the eLibrary.ru bibliographic resource, documents of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, publications of specialized medical professional non-profit organizations, and other manuals. The depth of information selection was 18 years (since 2003). The review was prepared following the PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S guidelines.Results.The current Russian recommendatory base in the field under consideration includes articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, practical guidelines, regulatory documents and eight clinical guidelines prepared by the Association of Traumatologists and Orthopedists of Russia and by the Association of Neurosurgeons of Russia approved or submitted for approval by the Ministry of Health. A significant degree of cross-use of information has been established, in general covering a wide range of diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitation and preventive issues.Conclusion.Most of the Russian recommendations on the provision of medical care to patients with spine and spinal cord injury do not have high strength, are not based on high-certainty evidence, are general in nature, especially in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic tactics, and are created without consideration of the medical care delivery setting. The methodology for their development is reported extremely poorly.

Borealization of the New England – Acadian Forest: a review of the evidence

The New England – Acadian Forest (NEAF) is an ecoregion spanning 24 million hectares of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. The region is characterized as a transitional forest naturally composed of both boreal and temperate species. The term “borealization” is sometimes used to describe various processes driving the NEAF toward a more boreal character at the expense of its temperate forest species and ecological communities. That the NEAF has undergone significant landscape-scale change in the last four centuries since European settlement is well understood. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the literature on the forest composition and dynamics of this region to investigate whether past, current, and (or) predicted future processes of change are indeed driving the forest toward a more boreal character. We examine studies on the historical forest composition and impacts of past and current land-use practices, as well as indirect anthropogenic changes that are predicted to influence future forest compositions of the NEAF. We review over 100 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles and government reports related to this issue. We find ample evidence to suggest that, at the landscape scale, there has been widespread replacement of temperate tree species by boreal species since European settlement. Five primary drivers have facilitated borealization across the NEAF: logging and high-grading, natural reforestation of abandoned farmland, industrial clearcutting, anthropogenic fire, and boreal conifer plantations. Furthermore, the borealization of the NEAF has continued to occur in direct contrast to the predicted impacts of climate change. We encourage future scholarship to tackle these aspects of borealization in the NEAF, including its social, economic, and ecological implications.

Protocol for a scoping review of digital health for older adults with cancer and their families.

IntroductionThe potential for digital medicine and healthcare in geriatric oncology settings has received much attention. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the existing literature that describes and examines digital health development, implementation, evaluation, outcome and experience for older adults with cancer, their families and their healthcare providers.Methods and analysisArksey and O'Malley’s six stages of scoping review methodology framework will be used. Searches will be conducted in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase via OvidSP, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Plus via EBSCO, Scopus and PsycINFO via OvidSP for published articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals from year 2000 onwards. In addition, we will screen databases for all prospectively registered trials. Research articles using quantitative or qualitative study design or reviews will be included if they describe or report the design, development or usability of digital health interventions in the treatment and care of patients 65 years of age or older with cancer and their families before, during and after cancer treatment. Grey literature will not be searched and included. Two investigators will independently perform the literature search, eligibility assessments and study selection. A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram for the scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used to delineate the search decision process. For included articles, the extracted results will be synthesised both quantitatively and qualitatively and reported under key conceptual categories of this scoping review. Research gaps and opportunities will be identified and summarised.Ethics and disseminationSince this review will only include published data, ethics approval will not be sought. The results of the review will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. We will also engage with relevant stakeholders within research team’s networks to determine suitable approaches for dissemination.

The main reasons for the exit of entrepreneurs from business

The purpose of the article is to study the reasons for the termination of entrepreneurial activity, as well as the accumulated experience of entrepreneurs leaving their business. Research on the principles and concepts of business termination became widespread in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century. At first, only Western European and American scientists were interested in this problem. Since 2005, the geography of researchers has expanded significantly. Our analysis is based on the consideration of monographs, articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, published working papers and research reports. The article presents the characteristics of the main reasons and ways of entrepreneurs out of business. Author proposes their classification and systematization. The results of the study can be used in scientific research of entrepreneurship. They can be used in the educational activities of higher educational institutions. The results are of interest to existing entrepreneurs, helping them to properly build business exit programs.

A cross-sectional assessment of statistical knowledge among pharmacy faculty

IntroductionThe debate about the optimal level of research methods incorporated in doctor of pharmacy curricula is ongoing. Yet relatively little has been published about the research-based knowledge of the faculty in these programs. This study seeks to assess pharmacy faculty members' knowledge of fundamental statistical concepts. MethodsA cross-sectional survey included a random sample of US-based pharmacy schools. Invitations were sent to faculty in each selected pharmacy school to participate in the online survey comprised of demographic questions and a multiple-choice statistics knowledge assessment covering eight fundamental biostatistics concepts. Each question had three answer options, with an additional fourth ‘opt-out’ option for those wishing to avoid guessing. ResultsThe random sample of selected pharmacy schools resulted in email invitations sent to 2036 faculty from 30 pharmacy schools. The final study sample consisted of 139 pharmacy faculty members with a mean of 10.2 years of experience as a faculty member. Over 95% of pharmacy faculty reported that they read peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, while nearly 99% said the understanding of statistics was either ‘somewhat important’ (35%) or ‘very important’ (64%) in their role as a researcher. Pharmacy faculty achieved a mean of 5.1 correct responses out of eight knowledge-based questions. ConclusionsPharmacy faculty provided correct responses to 64% of the items about fundamental statistical concepts. These study results are useful for making decisions about biostatistics education and curriculum content, particularly as pharmacy programs continue to incorporate a prominent role for research.

Stability of home-based care arrangements for people living with dementia: protocol of a meta-study on mixed research

IntroductionWorldwide, most people with dementia live at home and are cared for by informal carers. During the dementia care trajectory, creating and maintaining a stable care situation is a guiding...

Treating MS without continuous immunosuppression: an interview with Luciano Rossetti.

Luciano Rossetti, MD, Executive Vice President, Global Head of R&D at Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany speaks to Laura Dormer, Commissioning Editor Luciano Rossetti, MD, is Executive Vice President, Global Head of R&D at Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, and a member of the Healthcare Executive Committee. As Global Head of R&D, Rossetti leads the strategy for Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany's discovery and development efforts in healthcare. He joined Merck KGaA in July 2014, and has since led the acceleration of several key programs through the pipeline and advanced the innovation of Merck KGaA's discovery teams into development. Under his leadership, R&D has been transformed, with significant potential to deliver the scientific, clinical, regulatory and medical excellence of its teams to patients in need. Before joining Merck KGaA, he served as Senior Vice President, responsible for Global Scientific Strategy and Late Stage Development at Merck Sharp & Dohme, or MSD. In the latter position, he was responsible for clinical development from Phase II to V across all therapeutic areas. Prior to joining MSD in 2006, he spent 18years in academia during which he had considerable involvement with the pharmaceutical industry in both discovery and development. In his latest assignment, he was Professor of Medicine and led the Diabetes Research & Training Center at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. He has authored more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles. He is a Post-Doctoral Fellow of Rome University Medical School and of Yale University Medical School. He holds a Doctorate in Medicine from the Trieste University Medical School, Italy.

The impact of urban gardens on adequate and healthy food: a systematic review.

To examine the impacts on food and nutrition-related outcomes resulting from participation in urban gardens, especially on healthy food practices, healthy food access, and healthy food beliefs, knowledge and attitudes. The systematic review identified studies by searching the PubMed, ERIC, LILACS, Web of Science and Embase databases. An assessment of quality and bias risk of the studies was carried out and a narrative summary was produced. Studies published as original articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals in English, Spanish or Portuguese between 2005 and 2015 were included. The studies included were based on data from adult participants in urban gardens. Twenty-four studies were initially selected based on the eligibility criteria, twelve of which were included. There was important heterogeneity of settings, population and assessment methods. Assessment of quality and bias risk of the studies revealed the need for greater methodological rigour. Most studies investigated community gardens and employed a qualitative approach. The following were reported: greater fruit and vegetable consumption, better access to healthy foods, greater valuing of cooking, harvest sharing with family and friends, enhanced importance of organic production, and valuing of adequate and healthy food. Thematic patterns related to adequate and healthy food associated with participation in urban gardens were identified, revealing a positive impact on practices of adequate and healthy food and mainly on food perceptions.

Strategic Enterprise Management for Innovative Companies: The Last Decade of the Balanced Scorecard

Setting corporate vision, strategy, and associated unit-based strategic goals are crucial for any company to create and to sustain the competitive advantage. This concept has been frequently discussed in theory and practice. The case is no different from the innovation perspective of enterprises. Therefore, this article is aimed at exploring the integration of balanced scorecard into innovative strategic management, providing a framework of interrelated issues based on the existing literature and application areas in this research field. Along with the brief review of innovation based strategic management, which includes 13 peer reviewed journal articles; 8 book chapters, 41 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, including a content analysis, was conducted to show the last ten years of the balanced scorecard approach from the innovation perspective. The literature review revealed that: (1) the number of related publications on the topic is showing similarity over the last few years; (2) the explored research field has been mainly grounded on balanced scorecard research, but has also been enriched by innovation perspective; and (3) there are wide range of industry applications based on innovation conducted for the balanced scorecard approach. The literature review provides a summary of the most important issues that emerged in this field which can shed lights on the new opportunities and challenges for further research.

Exploring the integration of corporate sustainability into strategic management: a literature review

The commitment of companies to corporate sustainability has been frequently discussed in theory and practice. Such a commitment to corporate sustainability demands a strategic approach to ensure that corporate sustainability is an integrated part of the business strategy and processes. Therefore, this article is aimed at exploring the integration of corporate sustainability into strategic management, providing a framework of interrelated issues based on the existing literature in this research field. A literature review of 114 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles, including a content analysis, was conducted. The literature review revealed that: (1) the number of related publications on the topic has been growing throughout the last few years; (2) the explored research field has been mainly grounded on traditional strategic management research, but has also been enriched by interdisciplinary know-how from a corporate sustainability perspective; and (3) there is a need to foster empirical research in this research field. While the concept of corporate sustainability arises in several areas of research, a common or unifying basis, as well as the identification of issues that influence the integration into strategic management, has failed. The review outlined the issues most commonly addressed and helped to develop a framework, derived from organizational influences, internal and external drivers, and those factors supporting or hindering the integration of corporate sustainability into strategic management. The literature review provides a summary of the most important issues that emerged in this field, and provides new opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed by further research.

Moderating effects of transformational leadership between external team learning and research team performance outcomes

A growing body of empirical research examines the effects of external team learning on team performance. While previous studies suggest that external learning activities enhance team performance, the contingencies of such activities have received less research attention. This study examines the moderating effects of transformational team leadership between external team learning and two team performance outcomes: (1) accepted and published articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals, and (2) project occupancy rate. The study was conducted with 124 research teams. Supporting the hypotheses, the findings show that transformational leadership has a positive moderating effect between external team learning and both team performance outcomes.

Electronic cigarettes: abuse liability, topography and subjective effects

ObjectiveTo review the available evidence evaluating the abuse liability, topography, subjective effects, craving and withdrawal suppression associated with e-cigarette use in order to identify information gaps and provide recommendations for...

Steven John Phillips, PhD: A Conversation with the Editor with an Emphasis on Hospital and Research Safety

Steve Phillips is the biological safety officer at the Baylor Research Institute (BRI) and at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas (BUMC). He was born on August 5, 1949, in Chicago, Illinois, and grew up in several cities in that state. He graduated from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, with a bachelor's degree in chemistry and biology in 1971 and received a master's degree in microbiology from the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio, in 1974. In 1977, he received a PhD in microbiology from the same university, specializing in microbial genetics. From 1978 until 1980, he was a fellow in the Department of Microbiology at the University of Rochester School of Medicine in Rochester, New York. From there, he worked at the Dow Chemical Company (17 years) in Midland, Michigan, Occidental Chemical Company (5 years) in Dallas, Texas, and Carpet and Rug Institute (2 years) in Dalton, Georgia, before joining BRI and BUMC in 2004. He has spent many years in the laboratory and some in administration. For his efforts, he has received several honors, including the Alumni Achievement Award from Knox College (1996), the President's Environmental Care Award (1992), and the Ohio State University Excellence in Teaching Award (several times). He has published approximately 20 articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals and has presented papers at numerous seminars. He refereed high school football games for 34 years. He has been married to Peggy Chivington (nee Shirk) for 35 years, and they are the proud parents of a daughter, Amanda. I met Dr. Phillips when he was inspecting my laboratory and was in contact with him on several occasions subsequently. BUMC is fortunate to have this very talented scientist who is a very good guy.