Arrangement Of Equipment Research Articles

Vibration optimization methods of dredger engine room

Abstract Due to the large number and heavy weight of equipment, as well as the high center of gravity in the cabin area of dredgers, the concentrated arrangement of equipment is prone to local vibration problems in the cabin area. Additionally, there are many devices that need to be placed under the deck in the cabin area, which imposes significant constraints on the placement of supports. Using the finite element method to analyze the vibration problem of a certain dredger, we studied the influence of different equipment arrangements and structural reinforcement methods on vibration. This allowed us to summarize the characteristics of vibration under different improvement methods, providing feasible solutions for improving the vibration problem in the cabin area of dredgers. After adjusting the equipment layout and reinforcing local structures, the vibration in the dredger’s cabin area ultimately meets the design requirements satisfactorily.

Anesthetic challenges in pediatric robot-assisted surgeries

With the advent of minimally invasive surgeries, robot-assisted techniques have gained popularity because they overcome various shortcomings of standard laparoscopic surgeries. Despite the associated costs and limitations among the pediatric population, surgeon comfort due to the ergonomic design, in combination with enhanced three-dimensional high-fidelity imaging and tissue handling, may offer better surgical and postoperative outcomes. However, robotic surgeries require innovations with regard to patient positioning and the overall arrangement of operative equipment and personnel. Anesthesiologists should become well versed with these changes by learning the basic features of robotic surgical systems to offer appropriate anesthetic care and promote patient safety. In this original case report, we present a 3-year-old child posted for robot-assisted left heminephrectomy and excision of the lower megaureter. It provides instructive significance for anesthesia management, especially taking into account the age of the patient and associated concerns.

Certification considerations and sound field simulation of civil aircraft cabin passenger address

Abstract In the design of a civil aircraft cabin passenger address system, it is quite necessary and very important to sufficient consider and demonstrate the system design architecture, equipment selection and arrangement to ensure that the system sound quality complies with the requirements of CCAR25.1423(c). In the design phase, the certification considerations of the passenger address system should be researched in advance to comply with CCAR25.1423(c). The cabin sound field distribution and STI of the civil aircraft cabin passenger address system should be simulated through professional tools to predict, demonstrate and judge the sound quality before the system preliminary design review (PDR). In this paper, the certification considerations of passenger address are developed and elaborated from the system equipment arrangement, automatic gain design, and inhibit method of the Larsen effect. Based on two loudspeaker arrangement options, the cabin sound field distribution and STI of the passenger address are simulated to indicate its compliance with CCAR 25.1423(c) from the proposal design level theoretically.

Mechanism of Instantaneous High-Strength Sand–Water Inrush in Steeply Inclined Mining of Soft Coal Seam under Disturbed Rock–Soil Overburden

Abstract Water and sand inrush pose significant threats to underground geotechnical engineering, including shallow buried resource extraction and tunnel construction. To understand the mechanisms behind these phenomena, a mud collapse accident in Chaider Coal Mine was comprehensively investigated through field exploration and laboratory-based testings. Using numerical simulation experiments, we analyzed the failure patterns and seepage characteristics of overlying strata in steeply inclined coal seam mining under various working conditions. We established a structural instability model for water and sand inrush and identified the critical conditions for sand collapse occurrence. Our research indicates that the backfill in the surface mining pit provided a substantial material source for the accident. The overall destabilization of the top coal, due to its insufficient thickness and strength, created a pathway for sand collapse. Furthermore, frequent rainfall during the flood season and the inadequate arrangement of pumping equipment acted as triggers for the sudden water collapse. Preventative measures, such as limiting the mining height, enhancing the shear strength of the top coal, and altering the working face layout, can effectively control the development height of the water-conducting fracture zone. Additionally, timely evacuation and lowering of the aquifer water level, weakening its seepage effect in the top coal area, reducing the moisture content of the bottom soil, and improving its shear strength can mitigate water and sand inrush accidents in the backfill areas of open-pit mines.

Investigating the efficacy of foam-based dust particle capture for dust elimination in ore pass unloading: A similar experimental study

Dust pollution arising from ore unloading poses significant concerns for occupational health. The foam-based dust particle capture presents a promising solution for dust suppression due to enhanced wettability, broader dust capture area, and stronger adhesion. This study designed a similar experiment platform to investigate how unloading conditions and foam parameters influence airflow dynamics and dust migration. The results indicate that airflow intensity and dust source are pivotal factors affecting dust concentration. Additionally, applying foam at the unloading port on the first level or the ore bin proves effective. Foam-dust interaction duration and airflow intensity are crucial determinants of dust suppression efficacy. Furthermore, the study reveals that the foam has a dual effect on dust control: while it efficiently captures dust particles to mitigate pollution, it can also disrupt airflow unfavorably. This research offers valuable insights into optimizing the spatial arrangement and quantitative application parameters of foam equipment.

Research on the Advancement and Application of the Experimental Evaluation Scale Within the Primary School Science Classroom

This paper develops an evaluation scale specifically for science experiments in primary schools based on research and practice. Its goals are to measure students real performance in the experiments, bridge the gaps in related domains, and exert an effective influence on the teaching and learning of classroom experiments. During the development of the scale, the evaluation scale is constantly updated and refined through practical research to attain the anticipated evaluation outcome. The scale centers on the six aspects of students experimental purpose: equipment selection, practical operation, observation record, equipment arrangement, and attitude responsibility, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of students experimental literacy in the forms of self-evaluation, group evaluation, and teacher evaluation.

Dimensional And Mechanical Deviation Of Paving Block Type Rectangular From Several Manufacturers In Semarang City

The non-uniformity of paving block quality can result in uneven pavement, which in turn can increase the risk of traffic accidents. This study aims to determine the quality of compressive strength of paving block type Holland from several manufacturers in Semarang City area both manually and massively. As well as knowing why the physical dimensions of paving block type Holland from several producers in Semarang City are not uniform. This research was conducted by taking samples in the paving block manufacturing industry around the city of Semarang. The discussion in this study only covers the type of holland paving block in Semarang City from 4 producers namely CV Waringin Putih Banyumanik Semarang, PT Alam Daya Sakti, Anugerah Block, and Putra Alam Sari. All paving block products tested met or exceeded the minimum value of compressive strength specified in SNI 03- 0691-1998. This indicates that these products have an adequate ability to withstand the given compressive load. The compressive strength test results show that the lowest value was recorded for Anugrah Block at 17.21 MPa, while the highest value was achieved by PT Alam Daya Sakti with 20.112 MPa. The non-uniformity of the physical dimensions of Holland type paving from several producers in Semarang City can be influenced by several factors, including different production processes between producers, the use of different raw materials, and differences in the arrangement of machines or production equipment.

Kitchen Layout Design and Individual Work Performance of Eatery in Davao Del Norte, Philippines

This study assessed the level of kitchen layout design and individual work performance in eateries in Davao del Norte, Philippines. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed in this study to determine the relationship between the two variables. The respondents of this study were 207 employees of eateries in Davao del Norte, selected through a simple random sampling technique. Two adapted questionnaires were used, and the statistical tools included mean, Pearson r, and standard deviation. The findings of this study revealed that the level of kitchen layout design in terms of lighting, space or arrangement of kitchen equipment, and type of flooring was very high. The investigation also found that the level of individual work performance in terms of task performance, contextual performance, and counterproductive work behavior was very high, indicating that these behaviors were always manifest. Additionally, the study found a significant relationship between kitchen layout design and individual work performance, with an r value of 0.781 and a p-value of 0.000. Therefore, it was recommended to select a suitable kitchen layout design in eateries to enhance individual performance and workplace productivity. Future researchers were encouraged to continue exploring the space or arrangement of kitchen equipment to better manage kitchens and develop creative technologies for improved comprehension in these areas. Enhancing the study of task and contextual performance was suggested to emphasize human factor considerations and a holistic approach to boost productivity outcomes.

The application study of preventive maintenance during normal operation for APR1400 nuclear power plants considering risk

Preventive Maintenance(PM) for safety component during power operation at nuclear power plants, On-Line Maintenance(OLM) refers to intentionally entering the Limited Condition of Operation(LCO) specified in the Technical Specification(TS) for safety-related systems and components in order to perform preventive maintenance within the Allowed Outage Time (AOT). This study assessed the feasibility of conducting OLM at the domestic APR1400 nuclear power plant. It focused on preventive maintenance duration and risk perspectives. A total of 78 FEGs were developed for 4450 facilities, considering system functions and preventive maintenance scope during output operation for eight safety-related systems. Additionally, maintenance items included in FEGs were selected, designated as targets for OLM, and their maintenance durations were evaluated and compared with AOT for each maintenance item. As a result, the Auxiliary Feedwater and Essential Chilled Water systems were identified as systems allowing OLM. Furthermore, utilizing the Risk Monitoring System (RIMS), the increased risk value due to the unavailability of target equipment during preventive maintenance was analyzed to determine whether it falls within the acceptable range.Regarding the temporary risk increase caused by OLM, it was observed that in all systems, it falls within Zone III according to NUMARC93-01 standards, allowing for normal equipment arrangement for OLM. However, according to the risk increase standards rate in domestic nuclear power plants, when maintaining the A-train in four systems including Component Cooling Water, they are all evaluated as 'Orange,' indicating that measures for risk mitigation are necessary for OLM to be feasible. When considering extending AOT up to 1.6 times the maintenance time, the risk increase falls within Zone III according to permissible change in risk standards, indicating that AOT extension might be feasible based solely on risk changes. To apply OLM within the permissible risk management scope in domestic nuclear power plants, regulatory policies need to allow voluntary LCO entry for preventive maintenance, necessitating clear determination by regulatory agencies using risk-informed policies. While OLM seems viable concerning maintenance duration and quantitative risk aspects, for inducing regulatory policy changes, comprehensive OLM guidelines are necessary, including risk management strategies.

Observation of Equipment and Personal Protective Equipment in The Biology Laboratory

This observation aimed to understand the laboratory regulations, assess the availability of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in the laboratory, evaluate management practices, examine the completeness of laboratory equipment and materials, and observe the arrangement of laboratory space, equipment, and materials. This research was conducted in the basic biology laboratory at a university in East Kalimantan. The method employed in this research involved interviewing laboratory assistants and observing the laboratory conditions. The observations indicated that Laboratory A and B had complete personal protective equipment. However, there were some differences. For instance, the equipment and materials were complete in Laboratory A, whereas in Laboratory B, they were incomplete because the laboratory was newly built. Another difference was in the usage of the laboratories; Laboratory A was used for practical sessions, seminars, and classroom activities, while Laboratory B was solely utilized for practical exams. For future researchers, it is suggested that laboratories be explored for both practical sessions and classroom activities, rather than just classroom spaces.

Fire detection and suppression in rooms with different geometries

The paper presents experimental research findings on the integral characteristics of physicochemical processes in the area around a fire at different stages of its development and suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the operation of fire detectors in rooms of various geometries. The temperatures in different cross sections, as well as the composition of gaseo us products of thermal decomposition and flame combustion of materials were investigated. The study dealt with class A fires involving wood. Mock-ups of rooms with distinctly different geometries were used: a parallelepiped, a rectangular truncated pyramid and a bow-roof (arched) structure. Efficient arrangement of technical equipment (light and gas analysis sensors, heat and smoke detectors, nozzles) was determined to provide early detection of a fire, prompt initiation of suppression and completion of combustion and smoldering. Minimum volumes of a firefighting liquid (water in this case) and spraying times were identified that are necessary and sufficient to suppress combustion. Guidelines were proposed on the arrangement of technical equipment for early fire detection and efficient containment of fire in the shortest time. A mathematical apparatus has been developed that allows predicting the performance of fire detectors and sensors. The research results can be used to evaluate the most effective locations for fire sensors in the design of buildings and structures.

Analisis Efektivitas Pengelolaan Aset pada Bagian Umum Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Jombang

The delegation of authority that was originally handled by the central government and then transferred to the local government resulted in an increase in the authority of the local government when regional autonomy was implemented. Among these authorities is the management of regional property. The government has issued a number of regulations relating to the management of regional property to improve the way state or regional property is managed to facilitate the realization of good governance in the implementation of regional autonomy. The General Section is a government organization under the auspices of the General Administration Section of the Regional Secretariat of Jombang Regency. Its duties include assisting the General Administration Assistant in planning work programs, organizing and repairing household goods, and organizing leadership and regional equipment arrangement programs. Most of the assets owned and supervised by the General Section are assets used to support significant operational activities in other Regional Apparatus Organizations (OPD). Knowing how well asset management in the General and Regional Assets Section of the Regional Secretariat of Jombang Regency is the purpose of this research. Documentation is the data collection method used in this study. The analysis of this study used an effectiveness scale and descriptive statistics. Planning and budgeting for the needs, purchases, and use of the General Section are the results of this study, and are carried out administratively in accordance with applicable laws. However, from the results of the analysis, asset management in the General Section is still not effective.

(Un)ergonomic working conditions for a paramedic in a medical ambulance

The work of a paramedic, is characterised by a high risk of injury. Ergonomic, psychological, and biomechanical factors are considered risk factors in the profession of emergency medical technicians. Ensuring ergonomic working conditions for emergency medical technicians is a priority and requires a thorough assessment both in the design process and during the operation of the ambulance, to provide a diagnosis of the current state and present necessary recommendations for modernization. Identifying stressors will enable the design of an ergonomic interior for the ambulance, ensuring comfort and reliability for members of the emergency medical team, thereby reducing the risk of injuries. The authors of this article developed a comprehensive methodology for assessing the nuisances occurring during the paramedic's work, which required specialised preliminary research. The research included the measurement and analysis of the paramedic's movement kinematics during typical medical procedures, both at a standstill and while driving the ambulance. For the analysis of motion kinematics, a non-invasive method called myoMotion was employed, and the study was conducted in a Mercedes ambulance. This article contains preliminary results on the evaluation of movement kinematics. These demonstrated the necessity for the paramedic to adopt forced positions when performing medical procedures. The ranges of movement of the individual body parts of the paramedic deviated from accepted norms, resulting in musculoskeletal overload. The acquired knowledge forms the basis for a detailed analysis of tasks performed within each procedure from the perspective of the spatial structure of the ambulance, the arrangement of equipment and medical supplies, their accessibility during work, and the organization of work within the ambulance. Additional identification of musculoskeletal system stress, its sources, and the formulation of modification recommendations for the ambulance interior will enable ensuring the comfort and reliability of the work for emergency medical teams, thereby reducing the risk of injuries in the workplace. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2024;75(1):31-44.

Application of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making in Leaf Spring Manufacturing’s Performance

Lean manufacturing is the optimal way of producing goods through the removal of waste and implementing flow, as opposed to batch processing. Many factories have transformed to align with the goal of lean manufacturing by minimising the resources of factories, such as less worker effort, less time and many more to lead to high efficiency towards good product quality and become highly responsive to customer demand. The condition of product and machinery, arrangement of inventory and equipment, the standard operation procedure of work and workers' safety awareness are the dominant elements in the leaf spring manufacturing process. Due to the crucial role that leaf springs play in the performance and safety of vehicles, it is crucial to eradicate any flaws in the designing and manufacturing processes. This study focuses on 5 core criteria, which are workers, time, safety, machines, and products that need to be enhanced. In the subgroup, each pair of sub-criteria will be compared regarding their importance with respect to each criterion. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed to rank and aggregate the criteria based on their level of importance. The outcome of AHP showed that Safety (0.233) and Time (0.281) were the prominent criteria that need to be prioritised. Wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (0.394), First Aid (0.324), Die and Pin (0.347), and Forklift Deliver (0.368) are the sub-criteria for safety and time. As a result, prompt and precise actions are needed to increase the quality and reliability of the product.

Comprehensive evaluation of classification: an empirical study on consequence prediction of construction accidents in China

Purpose Consequence prediction is an emerging topic in safety management concerning the severity outcome of accidents. In practical applications, it is usually implemented through supervised learning methods; however, the evaluation of classification results remains a challenge. The previous studies mostly adopted simplex evaluation based on empirical and quantitative assessment strategies. This paper aims to shed new light on the comprehensive evaluation and comparison of diverse classification methods through visualization, clustering and ranking techniques. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study is conducted using 9 state-of-the-art classification methods on a real-world data set of 653 construction accidents in China for predicting the consequence with respect to 39 carefully featured factors and accident type. The proposed comprehensive evaluation enriches the interpretation of classification results from different perspectives. Furthermore, the critical factors leading to severe construction accidents are identified by analyzing the coefficients of a logistic regression model. Findings This paper identifies the critical factors that significantly influence the consequence of construction accidents, which include accident type (particularly collapse), improper accident reporting and handling (E21), inadequate supervision engineers (O41), no special safety department (O11), delayed or low-quality drawings (T11), unqualified contractor (C21), schedule pressure (C11), multi-level subcontracting (C22), lacking safety examination (S22), improper operation of mechanical equipment (R11) and improper construction procedure arrangement (T21). The prediction models and findings of critical factors help make safety intervention measures in a targeted way and enhance the experience of safety professionals in the construction industry. Research limitations/implications The empirical study using some well-known classification methods for forecasting the consequences of construction accidents provides some evidence for the comprehensive evaluation of multiple classifiers. These techniques can be used jointly with other evaluation approaches for a comprehensive understanding of the classification algorithms. Despite the limitation of specific methods used in the study, the presented methodology can be configured with other classification methods and performance metrics and even applied to other decision-making problems such as clustering. Originality/value This study sheds new light on the comprehensive comparison and evaluation of classification results through visualization, clustering and ranking techniques using an empirical study of consequence prediction of construction accidents. The relevance of construction accident type is discussed with the severity of accidents. The critical factors influencing the accident consequence are identified for the sake of taking prevention measures for risk reduction. The proposed method can be applied to other decision-making tasks where the evaluation is involved as an important component.

Method of automated arrangement of devices in a spacecraft compartment taking into account connection to interface connectors of feed-through plates of an on-board cable system

The article proposes a method for automated arrangement of on-board equipment in the spacecraft compartment, connected to external devices through sealed adapters by the on-board cable system routes. The purpose is to create a program that allows automated placing of a part of the on-board equipment in the compartment, taking into account the existing practical principles for developing instrument placement schemes, one of which is to minimize the mass of the on-board cable system. The mathematical model is described using the matrix-topological layout method in a procedural form, as well as in a numerical form for calculating the coordinates of the placement of devices and estimating the number of cycles to find the final solution. Recommendations are provided to ensure that the full range of technical requirements is taken into account in the future. An outline flowchart of the method algorithm is presented with support in the high-level Python programming language. The software implementation of the method was carried out with emulators. Testing was carried drawing on the example of a compartment of one of the advanced space vehicles. The effectiveness of the method is evaluated by comparing the number of cycles needed to obtain the result and the total time spent on the layout relative to the control data known from the job statistics.

Computer-Aided System for Layout of Fire Hydrants on Boards Designed Vessel Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

Abstract The functional layout of fire safety equipment in technical spaces of ships is a time-consuming process. When designing a ship fire protection system, the designer must manually position each system component in such a way as to meet the requirements of regulations arising from the technical specification, various legal regulations of maritime conventions and classification societies of the vessel to be designed. Layout of fire hydrants assisted by a computer that is based on pre-defined criteria and various constraints could significantly support the designer in working easier and faster. This paper presents a prototype computer-aided design system that enables optimal placement of fire hydrants using the metaheuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. This algorithm was used in Rhinoceros 3D software with its Grasshopper plugin for visualizing the arrangement of fire safety equipment. Various solution arrangements compared with the fire hydrant placement in real ships are illustrated by a case study. Demonstrating how design work can be facilitated and what potential benefits can be achieved are presented as well.

Sound propagation from the underfloor of railway vehicles to the wayside

It is important to consider the layout of underfloor equipment to make sure the train keeps low-noise under stationary condition. The arrangement of the underfloor equipment is important in view of not only the noise but also weight balance, maintainability and manufacturing cost. Therefore, the underfloor arrangement shall be decided at even the early stage for designing the vehicles. The early design includes the exterior noise prediction as one of the important specifications. In general, there are various-size equipment, ducts and pipes, kinds of sub-floor made of thin metal plates around the space of the underfloor. When the train is on ballasted track, both surfaces (ballast of the track / underfloor of the vehicle with ducts and piping) may have absorption effect but it is still unknown. This paper describes measurement results on the sound propagation from actual railway vehicle underfloor using dodecahedral speaker.

A Human Factors Approach to Improve Layout Design for A Virtual Reality-based Training Platform

In manufacturing industries, equipment arrangement, and layout design are critical factors that directly influence productivity, workplace safety, and workers’ performance. Link analysis, as a human factors approach, has been widely used in industries for many years to improve layout design and machinery arrangement. This approach considers humans' physical and cognitive capabilities and movement limitations to find an optimal design. Virtual reality significantly impacts our society from product design to worker training. Hence, effective virtual training platforms require the same attention to layout design as manufacturing work settings which offer efficient testing of multiple layouts. This research focuses on developing a virtual 3D printing laboratory for workforce training and has used a link analysis and user perception study to improve the layout of the virtual workplace. The research demonstrates the importance of layout design in virtual training platforms and the potential benefits of utilizing link analysis in optimizing layout design.

Experimental and numerical study on a precast partially connected buckling-restrained arc-opening steel plate shear wall

With the goal to decrease the detrimental bending moment effect of the steel plate shear wall (SPSW) on the frame, the frame's material waste and section requirements, and facilitate the arrangement of building equipment and pipelines, three one-third scale novel SPSW were designed and tested, including two four-sided partially connected buckling-restrained SPSW (PPBSW, PPBASW), and one non-buckling-restrained SPSW (PPASW). The damage pattern, hysteresis curve, stiffness degradation, energy dissipation capacity, and ductility were explored under consideration of arc openings and equipped with buckling-restrained concrete slabs. The outcomes shown that: The buckling-restrained concrete slab efficiently inhibited the low-order buckling of SPSW and enhanced the seismic performance of the steel shear wall. Compared to specimen PPASW, an increment in the bearing capacity for specimens PPBASW and PPBSW, was 55.4% and 61.3%, respectively. The corresponding initial stiffness increased by 41% and 43% due to the existence of the covered concrete slabs. There was a harmless difference in energy dissipation, secant stiffness, and bearing capacity for specimens PPBSW and PPBASW, indicating that the material's utilization and contribution had been improved. Moreover, finite element models (FEM) were established based on ABAQUS, showing a good fit between the test curves and simulation results, an error within 6.5%. Furthermore, a series of design parameters analysis for specimen PPBASW were carried out based on the established FEM. Following that, based on the test and simulation results, theoretical models for calculating the shear-bearing capacities of specimens PPASW, PPBAW, and PPBASW were developed, with the yield-bearing capacity and ultimate bearing capacities of PPBASW having maximum calculation errors of no more than 7.5% and 3.6%, respectively.