Space Arrangement Research Articles

Capitalism and Early Modernity in the Middle Ages: An Overview of Ideological Trends

Capitalism first emerged in the Middle Ages against the backdrop of social and cultural innovations that may change the traditional concept of the Middle Ages as a period of pure feudalism. These innovations were global in nature and reflected the mutual influence of Western and Eastern civilizations. They also manifested a certain continuity with Classical European culture and society. The article introduces the term of Early Modernity to describe these phenomena and trends. The historiographic analysis focused on foreign and domestic studies published in 1970–2024. The ideas, institutions, and practices of early modernity found their reflection in the theories of transitional society, modernization, and proto-industrialization, as well as in the studies that covered the trade revolution of XII–XIII centuries. The new temporality and space arrangement of the global Middle Ages appeared in the images of a single Afro-Eurasia and the Post-Classical Period. As the status of medieval technologies, knowledge systems, and ideas about the world increased, it yielded the concept of global technological and cultural rise in the XI–XIII centuries. Such expanded interpretation of the Middle Ages and genesis of capitalism caused a critical reaction from medievalists. While acknowledging the shortcomings of the standard approach to Western European feudalism, they stick to the key criteria in defining the classical Middle Ages and the feudal revolution. However, macrohistorical studies seriously consider the world-system perspective and the context of global history.

Knapping… Sleeping and Consuming? Spatial Variability in the High-Resolution Neanderthal Context of Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, Eastern Iberia)

Sequencing and characterising high-resolution units in which both natural and anthropogenic records can be examined on comparable scales is essential for understanding spatial behaviour and site formation processes. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that has previously been applied to the Neanderthal site of Abric del Pastor (Alcoi, eastern Iberia), revealing short-term occupations with high spatiotemporal resolution in stratigraphic unit IV, particularly focused on the lithic assemblages. In this study, we extend this methodological framework to stratigraphic unit V, investigating lithic record formation processes by applying archaeostratigraphic and spatial analyses, incorporating raw materials, technical attributes, and refits. Additionally, this research integrates soil micromorphology and sedimentary n-alkane analysis to explore critical aspects of sedimentary formation processes. Specifically, these techniques were used to corroborate the presence of in sitv hearths and rule out the possibility of erosional processes in the western sector of the rockshelter, where no archaeological materials were recorded. Our results, with refits as a benchmark, reveal at least two distinct stages of anthropogenic formation, characterised by recurring knapping activities primarily concentrated in the northern zone. These activities display internal variability in terms of flint type usage and activity intensity. Moreover, this knapping area is spatially segregated from three other zones: one containing a single hearth, close to the rockshelter wall, with no associated archaeological materials, possibly aligned with sleeping/resting purposes; another with a diachronic accumulation of faunal remains; and a third with an absence of archaeological record, in which postdepositional processes have not been detected. By identifying discrete formation events, we provide a detailed example of Neanderthal spatial variability, highlighting the deliberate use of certain zones for similar activities over time. This pattern contrasts with the spatial organisation of stratigraphic unit IV and other Neanderthal contexts, reflecting shifting strategies in the arrangement and use of space.

Penyalahgunaan Pemanfaatan Ruang Rusunami di Kalibata City Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023

The dynamic development of society has increased the need for houses. In fact, space is increasingly limited and the population is increasing. So, it is necessary for space to be utilised as in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution relating to space utilization. The utilization of space in question is the provision of an area that is used as a place of residence for the community in order to achieve a welfare state. In this case, simple flats are owned as one of the implementations of space utilization by the government because it is aware of the arrangement, management, and utilization of space. Owned simple flats are included in the category of public flats intended for low-income people. In relation to space utilization, flats are used as residential places but in fact, they are used as places of prostitution that occurred in Kalibata City in 2020, involving minors who were forced to serve four men. This is not in accordance with the utilization of flats that can be reviewed from KKPR and Law Number 6 Year 2023 in relation to norms, standards, procedures, and criteria. This research is a legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The primary source of legal material in this research comes from laws and regulations, while secondary legal material is legal literature. This research aims to describe the correlation of spatial planning with flats and government supervision related to the misuse of simple flats owned in Kalibata City.

Experimental data-driven multimodal approach for detection and localization of external disturbances in oil and gas pipelines using vibration characteristics

Monitoring pipeline infrastructure is essential for ensuring safety, efficiency, and environmental sustainability in energy transportation. External disturbances, such as knocking and drilling, are common challenges that can impact pipeline integrity. The proposed approach develops a multimodal framework for detecting and localizing external disturbances in oil and gas pipelines by integrating statistical methods, signal processing, and advanced diagnostics. The experimental study was conducted on pipelines under three conditions: healthy, knocking, and drilling to assess the capability of the framework to detect and localize external disturbances. The proposed approach effectively classified pipeline conditions. External disturbance localization was precise for knocking disturbances due to their distinct high-frequency characteristics. However, drilling localization was challenging with the current experimental setup. Drilling generated low-frequency vibrations with longer wavelengths, reducing energy loss and broader time responses across closely spaced nodes in the 2-meter pipe setup. This behavior provides insight into the spatial arrangement of the optimal node spacing for effective localization of low-frequency disturbances in long-range pipeline systems.

Relayout Gudang E-Bike dengan Metode Class Based Storage untuk Mengurangi Waktu Pengambilan dan Pencarian Barang

PT. HTI is an e-bike distributor that experiences constraints in warehouse layout efficiency, such as irregular placement of goods and long search times. This study aims to design a space arrangement strategy based on the frequency of goods movement, as well as to improve the warehouse layout. The Class-Based Storage method is used in product grouping. The results of the study show that redesigning the warehouse layout improves the efficiency of space use based on demand levels (classifications A, B, C). Significant changes are seen on the 1st floor of the main warehouse, which was previously dominated by classes B and C, now allocated for class A goods. The implementation of this strategy has been shown to speed up the goods retrieval process and improve overall operational efficiency.

Kajian Permukiman Kumuh Tepian Sungai Ditinjau Dari Karakter Spasial Kawasan (Kelurahan Gandus Palembang)

Riverside settlements are a characteristic of the city of Palembang. Residential in Palembang City are increasing and growing every year while the availability of residential land is relatively constant, giving rise to dense and slum settlements. Most of the settlements located along the Musi River can be categorized as densely populated settlements with various problems in them. Gandus Sub-District is one of the sub-districts in Palembang City which is located in a strategic area which has riverside settlements that are close to the Musi Bridge 2. The Gandus area is included in the category of slum areas which has resulted in a decrease in the environmental quality of the area. This study aims to examine the problems of slum settlements in terms of the spatial character of space. This qualitative method was carried out to identify the spatial physical conditions of the Gandus settlement relying on field observation surveys, which were compiled with a descriptive analysis of the physical spatial settlements as a solution to slum problems in the Gandus settlement along the river. buildings, pedestrian circulation that is continuous but interrupted at the end of the river, lack of open space arrangement so that it becomes a place for wild plants to grow, and lack of supporting elements for activities. Therefore, elements such as land use, buildings, pedestrian circulation, open space and activity support can be elements that can improve environmental quality if properly managed. Then, the result of the research would be a significant input for the development program in the area.

Spatial-Interactive Synergistic Confinement in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Frameworks for Facilitating C2H2 Separation from CO2 with Record Packing Density.

The synchronous implementation of precise molecule recognition and efficient gas accumulation in porous materials is highly desirable but challenging for physisorptive separation/storage applications. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of achieving effective acetylene (C2H2) purification from a C2H2/CO2 mixture with record-high gas packing density by modulating the pore size and interpenetrating symmetry in three isomorphic pillar-layered MOFs (CTGU-41/42/43). The 1D rectangular narrow channels and regularly arranged paired binding sites trigger spatial-interactive synergistic confinement (SISC), enabling suitable molecular orientation and spacing distances during C2H2 adsorption within these MOFs. In particular, CTGU-41 exhibits exceptional adsorption selectivity (41.4) toward the C2H2/CO2 mixture (v/v, 50/50) with a record-high C2H2 storage density of 0.91 g mL-1 at 298 K and 100 kPa, which, to the best of our knowledge, surpasses the density of solid-C2H2 (4.2 K) for the first time. The practical C2H2/CO2 separation ability of CTGU-41/42/43 is further validated by column breakthrough experiments with high purity of C2H2 (>99.0%) and good separation factors (6.7-11.3). The SISC mechanism clarified in this work deepens the fundamental understanding of dense gas arrangement in specific adsorption space, which can be generalized to other challenging gas separation and storage applications.

Force element analysis of flow-induced vibration of tandem rigidly coupled square-circular cylinders under different configurations

This work numerically investigates the two-degree-of-freedom flow-induced vibration (FIV) of rigidly coupled square-circular cylinders at Reynolds number Re = 150, mass ratio m* = 2, and reduced velocity Ur = 2–16 under different configurations. The aim of this work is to understand the complex dynamic interactions between fluid and the structure. Force Element Theory (FET) is employed to analyze the underlying mechanisms of FIV, focusing on the influence of geometric parameters and configurations on the vibration characteristics of the coupled system. By systematically varying the spacing ratios and arrangements of square-circular cylinders, the force element contributions under various FIV conditions are quantified to identify optimal configurations. The results indicate that different configurations can alter the phase relationship between force elements and total hydrodynamic forces, thereby changing contributions of force elements. Instead of being placed upstream, the square cylinder placed downstream results in more chaotic vortex shedding patterns. Among the configurations, 4D-US and 6D-DS (where 4D and 6D is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, D is the cylinder diameter, US and DS are the different arrangements that square cylinder placed upstream and downstream, respectively) exhibit the highest drag and lift coefficients, respectively. The diagnostic analysis using FET helps to explain the mechanism of how the spacing and arrangement affect the vortex structure of whole flow field and phase of forces, thus determining the fact that the total drag and lift has been revealed. In general, the forces under different configurations can be inferred from the flow field morphology.

Research on Thermal Performance of Polypropylene Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Wall Panels

The global construction industry faces pressing challenges in enhancing building energy efficiency standards. To address this critical issue, facilitate worldwide green and low-carbon transformation in construction practices and improve the thermal performance of building wall panels to achieve optimal levels, a novel polypropylene fiber-reinforced concrete wall panel has been developed and investigated. A three-dimensional steady-state heat transfer finite element model of the wall panel was established to simulate its thermal performance. Key parameters, including the thickness of the inner and outer concrete layers, insulation layer thickness, connector spacing, and connector arrangement patterns, were analyzed to evaluate the thermal performance of the fiber-reinforced concrete composite sandwich wall panel. The results indicate that the heat transfer coefficients of the G-FCSP and FCSP wall panels were 0.768 W/m2 · K and 0.767 W/m2 · K, respectively, suggesting that the glass fiber grid had a negligible impact on the thermal performance of the panels. The embedded insulation layer was crucial for enhancing the thermal insulation performance of the wall panel, effectively preventing heat exchange between the two sides. Increasing the thickness of the concrete layers had a very limited effect on reducing the heat transfer coefficient. Reducing the spacing of the connectors improved the load-bearing capacity of the composite wall panel to some extent but had minimal influence on the heat transfer coefficient; to achieve optimal performance by balancing structural load distribution and thermal damage resistance, a connector spacing ranging from 200 mm to 500 mm is recommended. The variation in heat transfer coefficients among the four different connector arrangement patterns demonstrated that reducing the thermal conduction media within the wall panel should be prioritized while ensuring mechanical performance. It is also recommended that the connectors are arranged in a continuous layout.

Shoot architectural analysis for olive cultivar characterization: an automatic internode measurement procedurent procedure

Tree architecture, defined as the arrangement in space of the elements above the ground, is closely related to the biological and physiological processes of the tree. In particular, the quantitative study of the branch consists of classifying branches into orders, estimating lengths, insertion angles, diameters and volumes. In the case of the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), the knowledge of its architecture is important to determine which varieties are suitable for high-density planting systems and to guide canopy pruning, which allow simplification of field management and reduction of costs. Up to date, measurements are mainly done manually, using measuring tape and caliper, with high time expense and operator-related uncertainty. In this study, the analysis is extended to the three-dimensional case using photogrammetry. Next, the point cloud is processed using a modified version of the open-source code TreeQSM (version 2.4.1). Moreover, a new methodology, based on photogrammetry and branch segmentation using TreeQSM, is proposed to measure not only average branch diameter, but also node diameter and internodal distance along the principal axis of the twig point cloud. The main characteristics of the principal axis of the twig are obtained to prove the validity of the proposed method. The node average diameter is 2.94 mm with a standard deviation of 1.20 mm while the average internode is 14.38 mm with a standard deviation of 7.78 mm.

Integrating Socio-Cultural Dimensions into Sustainable Urban Planning: Insights from Traditional Urban Forms in the United Arab Emirates

This paper examines the interplay between social and cultural sustainability in shaping the spatial organization of communities, with a specific focus on traditional urban forms in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It explores whether these communities integrate socio-cultural aspects architecturally and spatially, and how such integration can inform contemporary of sustainable development strategies. The paper commences with a review of the spatial morphology of traditional UAE urban forms, highlighting the influence of socio-cultural interactions on the arrangement of social spaces and daily practices. By focusing on the UAE's traditional communities, the paper underscores the importance of integrating social and cultural dimensions into sustainable urban planning. In the second part of the paper socio-cultural entity is illustrated through different models indicating the main pillars and components of sustainability. The third part of the paper includes conclusion and recommendations for the importance of integrating social and cultural dimensions into the UAE sustainable Urban Planning. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable development by offering insights into how socio-cultural sustainability can influence urban open space design, thereby advancing the pursuit of balanced, inclusive, and enduring built environments. The paper closes with a discussion of the insights that were provided and recommendations for future research areas.

CУСПІЛЬНА РОЛЬ ЗМІННОГО ТЕМАТИЧНОГО ДЕКОРУ В ІНТЕР’ЄРІ ТА ПРОСТОРОВОМУ ДИЗАЙНІ

Among the objects of spatial design that form the immediate environment of a person, periodically, on holidays or on the occasion of solemn family events, a changeable theme decor appears. Compared to other elements of design space arrangement, such decor has its own characteristics. It is used for a short time, so it is often made of short-lived, vulnerable natural materials. But it is especially important that it is intended to create an appropriate emotional atmosphere, and not for everyday, household use. In the past, a changeable theme decor was intended for magical accompaniment of various ceremonial rituals. Each ethnic culture has formed its own traditional visual and semantic characteristics for it. They were perceived as a magical talisman, so they remained unchanged for a long time. The modern function of aesthetic decoration of space, the changeable theme decor has received relatively recently. A number of objective circumstances, globalization challenges, commercial arguments have become factors that led to the replacement of autochthonous traditions of ritual decor with foreign ones, borrowed from other, more economically and politically capable ethnic cultures. Changeable theme decor, as a type of design product, has a great potential to influence the national and cultural self-identification of an individual and society as a whole. At the same time, for modern Ukrainian society, a very important task is the revival of national identity. It would be advisable to use the features and advantages of changeable theme decor to return Ukrainian ethnocultural traditions to our subject-spatial environment. Ukraine already has successful experience in organizing festive installations in urban public spaces. It is advisable to supplement it with the organization of mass industrial production of high-quality, competitive changeable theme decor, with traditional features and characteristics for Ukrainian culture.

Восприятие пространства и «чувства места» среди пожилых жителей посёлка Соловецкий

Sensory-emotional perception of natural-architectural landscape is a collective phenomenon that depends on various factors. The natural and architectural space of the village of Solovetsky is distinguished by territorial isolation (island environment); marine type of natural and climatic conditions; consequences of the relatively late formation of the civilian population; rich religious history; location of special purpose places. In the conditions of the complex system of historical connections and the relative “youth” of the village, the population is in the stage of forming a “sense of place”. The architectural space of the settlement has been transformed many times and has not been characterised by a consistent linear development. Important transformational events were: the history of the monastery and its monastic services, the arrangement of the monastery space for the needs of the Solovetsky special purpose camp and the Solovetsky special purpose prison (19231939), further adaptation of the architectural space for the school of cabin boys and boatswains, a military unit, with subsequent transformation for civil settlement (1944). The transformational stages of architectural space are captured in the modern image of the village, which influences the formation of a “sense of place” among the population. This article examines and analyses the results of a survey of the elderly population of the Solovetsky village, identifying the features and patterns of sensory-emotional perception of space. Particular attention was paid to feelings of beauty, uniqueness, cleanliness, safety and friendliness among older respondents. The article concludes with recommendations for strengthening the “sense of place” — the psycho-emotional connection with the place of residence. These recommendations will improve the psycho-emotional climate in the village and the health of elderly residents.

Activity-based communication in child welfare services: An observational study of child-professional encounters

Abstract Face-to-face interactions between child welfare (CW) professionals and children are often overlooked. This study explores these interactions within the Norwegian in-home support context, specifically focusing on direct encounters with children under twelve in in-home support settings. In Norway, in-home CW measures provide family-centred support through tailored interventions, allowing children to remain at home while receiving assistance. Despite extensive research on the professional roles in child and family social work, there is a gap concerning the nuanced communication practices that occur during interactions between children and CW professionals. This article aims to explore how CW professionals and children engage during group activities and reflect on the impact of these interactions on CW practice. This ethnographic research involved six months of observations, including informal conversations and weekly group activities with a total of thirteen professionals and twelve children aged seven to twelve. The findings reveal a dynamic interplay of physical space arrangement, engagement strategies, and activity-based methods that support child involvement and build positive relationships and trust. The study emphasizes the need to develop professional communication skills that are authentic and empathetic, advocating for a child-centred approach in CW policies and practices.

Double star arrangement and the pointed multinet

Abstract Let be a hyperplane arrangement in a complex projective space. It is an open question if the degree one cohomology jump loci (with complex coefficients) are determined by the combinatorics of . By the work of Falk and Yuzvinsky [Compositio Math. 143 (2007), no. 4, 1069–1088] and Marco‐Buzunáriz [Graphs Combin. 25 (2009), no. 4, 469–488], all the irreducible components passing through the origin are determined by the multinet structure, which is combinatorially determined. Denham and Suciu introduced the pointed multinet structure, which is combinatorially determined, to obtain examples of arrangements with translated positive‐dimensional components in the degree one cohomology jump loci [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 108 (2014), no. 6, 1435–1470]. Suciu asked the question if all translated positive‐dimensional components appear in this manner [Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse Math. (6) 23 (2014), no. 2, 417–481]. In this paper, we show that the double star arrangement introduced by Ishibashi, Sugawara, and Yoshinaga [Adv. in Appl. Math. 162 (2025), Paper No. 102790, Example 3.2] gives a negative answer to this question.

Transformations of Domestic Architecture in the Indigenous Settlements in Assam, India: Relations Between Spaces and the Built Environment

Over the years, the spatial organization of Assamese vernacular domestic architecture has changed because of the changes in the socio-cultural factors. This study examines these architectural changes over four generations, starting from the 1880s to the present. It explores the impacts of social changes, lifestyle, and customs on space and its vernacular utilizations. It uses a qualitative case study method and interviews and observations as research techniques for data collection. The case study is a house in Bamunpara village Mangaldoi, India. As the research is a vertical study based on transformations that have occurred in a single house, literature related to Assam houses is studied for better understanding and inclusivity. The space syntax technique is used with a focus on Justified Plan Graphs (JPG) to depict changes in the spatial organization of the house in response to the changes in the socio-cultural context over time. The study explores alterations in the arrangement of spaces, clusters, and serving witnessed in the case study. The findings show that changes in the socio-cultural factors, lifestyle, in particular, act as catalysts for the changes in the usage of space. It has a profound effect on the layout and connectivity. There is a trend which is observed repeatedly. This phenomenon reveals the default power of choice possessed by the people. This paper presents the tools for analyzing vernacular architecture and illustrates its adaptive capacity in situations of socio-cultural changes.

The analysis of column hoop layout for steel formwork

Abstract In this paper, based on the code, the stress and arrangement of column forms under different widths are analyzed, and the arrangement of column hoop under different form widths is calculated by adjusting formula algorithm and parameter selection. The analysis shows that when the width of the template changes from 100 mm to 300mm, the maximum spacing of the column hoop decreases first, then increases and then decreases. When the steel grade of the template is different, multiple formulas should be used to compare the calculation, and the typical width cannot be used as the representative value. Increasing the thickness of the template and increasing the strength grade of the steel can optimize the spacing arrangement of the column hoop, and improving the strength grade of the steel can optimize the column hoop arrangement more effectively for wide form.

Orientation Architecture Engineering for Enhanced Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Active–Passive Infrared Camouflage Performances

Abstract Orientation architecture engineering is a novel strategy focusing on regulation of microstructure with specific space configuration and arrangement, which can cause strong electromagnetic response, exhibiting a massive potential in improving electromagnetic wave absorption performance. However, the microscopic mechanism by which the orientation architecture regulates dielectric properties is currently lacking but significantly desired. Herein, a series of iron fibers/chitosan‐derived carbon (IFs/CG) aerogels with different orientation architectures are prepared by multi‐field regulation strategy combining temperature and magnetic field. The head‐to‐tail configuration of ordered IFs along the oriented carbon walls enhances the dielectric behavior including charge migration and dielectric polarization, achieving an effective absorption bandwidth of 8.3 GHz and a minimal reflection loss of −54.7 dB. The influence mechanisms of electric field orientation on conduction and polarizability of ordered IFs/CG aerogels are revealed by establishing two‐dipole models and applying electron jump model, respectively. More importantly, the ordered IFs along the carbon walls not only reduce the thermal conductivity in the vertical heat source direction, but also form a heat conduction channel in the parallel heat source direction, exhibiting excellent infrared camouflage performance. This study provides an effective strategy for multi‐spectra camouflage that can counter the multiband surveillance.

Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy Study of Nanoscale to Mesoscale Polarity and Orientation of Crystalline Biopolymers in Natural Materials.

As a nonlinear optical process, sum frequency generation (SFG) requires noncentrosymmetry across multiple length scales, ranging from individual molecular functional groups to their arrangements in space. This principle makes SFG not only intrinsically sensitive to molecular species at surfaces but also useful for studying 3D structures of crystalline biopolymers in natural materials. Examples of such biopolymers are cellulose, starch, and chitin in the polysaccharide family and collagen, silk, and keratin in the fibrous protein family. These biopolymers are noncentrosymmetric at multiple length scales, with chirality at the molecular scale, unit cell structure at the nanoscale, and crystallite orientation and polarity at the mesoscale; thus, they are SFG active. In this review, we describe how SFG can be used to determine nano- to mesoscale polarity and orientational orders of crystalline biopolymers interspersed in natural materials containing the same or similar biopolymers in amorphous states, which cannot be obtained with other characterization methods.

Innovation-oriented makerspaces in academic libraries: A systematic literature review

Makerspaces in academic libraries are increasingly recognized for fostering innovation and creativity in higher education. However, the research domain lacks a comprehensive examination of their role in advancing organizational innovation. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review, analyzing 47 carefully selected papers from a pool of 3537 publications focused on academic library makerspaces. The review highlights key themes and methodologies in existing research, with a special focus on the functions, services, and collaborative innovation aspects of these spaces. The study advocates expanding research on innovation-centered makerspaces in academic libraries to better understand their current state, thereby enriching the scholarly literature and guiding future research. The review provides a foundational understanding of the research landscape surrounding academic library makerspaces. It reveals that these spaces serve multiple roles, such as exploration and training hub for emerging technologies, cultivation and research incubation center for innovative literacy, innovation platform, component of the entrepreneurial ecosystem, and acting as space arrangements, guidance with new technologies, teaching and services design, consultation on entrepreneurship and intellectual property rights. Additionally, the research explores key collaborative innovation factors within these spaces, including governance, compactness, reliability, and institutionalization. By consolidating various themes and evaluating the current state of research, this study offers a comprehensive insight into the innovative roles, services, and collaborative innovation dynamics within academic library makerspaces as emerging innovation centers. It introduces a theoretical framework to investigate ongoing research, aiming to improve collaborative innovation efficiency in these spaces.