Arm Area Research Articles

Somatotopic Organization of Hyperdirect Pathway Projections From the Primary Motor Cortex in the Human Brain.

BackgroundThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective neurosurgical target to improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients. MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) subthalamotomy is being explored as a therapeutic alternative to Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the STN. The hyperdirect pathway provides a direct connection between the cortex and the STN and is likely to play a key role in the therapeutic effects of MRgFUS intervention in PD patients.ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the topography and somatotopy of hyperdirect pathway projections from the primary motor cortex (M1).MethodsWe used advanced multi-fiber tractography and high-resolution diffusion MRI data acquired on five subjects of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to reconstruct hyperdirect pathway projections from M1. Two neuroanatomy experts reviewed the anatomical accuracy of the tracts. We extracted the fascicles arising from the trunk, arm, hand, face and tongue area from the reconstructed pathways. We assessed the variability among subjects based on the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the fibers. We evaluated the spatial arrangement of the different fascicles using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of spatial overlap and the centroids of the bundles.ResultsWe successfully reconstructed hyperdirect pathway projections from M1 in all five subjects. The tracts were in agreement with the expected anatomy. We identified hyperdirect pathway fascicles projecting from the trunk, arm, hand, face and tongue area in all subjects. Tract-derived measurements showed low variability among subjects, and similar distributions of FA and MD values among the fascicles projecting from different M1 areas. We found an anterolateral somatotopic arrangement of the fascicles in the corona radiata, and an average overlap of 0.63 in the internal capsule and 0.65 in the zona incerta.ConclusionMulti-fiber tractography combined with high-resolution diffusion MRI data enables the identification of the somatotopic organization of the hyperdirect pathway. Our preliminary results suggest that the subdivisions of the hyperdirect pathway projecting from the trunk, arm, hand, face, and tongue motor area are intermixed at the level of the zona incerta and posterior limb of the internal capsule, with a predominantly overlapping topographical organization in both regions. Subject-specific knowledge of the hyperdirect pathway somatotopy could help optimize target definition in MRgFUS intervention.

Kinect and Few-Shot Technology-Based Simulation of Physical Fitness and Health Training Model for Basketball Players in Plateau Area.

Players in modern basketball have a lot of physical contact, a lot of bumps, and a lot of physical struggles. The competition for the ball, whether in the air or on the ground, is fierce, putting higher demands on the players' physical abilities. Coaches frequently use plateau physical training, which is very effective in developing athletes' cardiopulmonary function, among many other training methods. The proportional length and active area of arms are obtained using the skin color model of the human body, the angle and posture information of each joint is extracted from dynamics, and the 3D posture of arms and dynamic arms is trained and recognized in this paper, which is based on Kinect. The findings revealed that mild hypoxia in the plateau significantly lowered basketball players' performance and that basketball players' maximum heart rate and 1-minute heart rate recovery in high-intensity exercise were lower than those in flat area training.

An Eleven Year Old Boy with Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS)

Introduction: The prospective studies have estimated that the DRESS syndrome incidence rate is about 1 per 1000 to 10,000 with the mortality rate is to be around 10% to 20%.
 Case: We have been reported a case of DRESS in an eleven-year-old boy who came to the emergency room with the chief complaint of maculopapular rash in the body that had been happened for three days. The rash was first appeared in the arms area and thus spread to the trunk, abdomen, and lower extremities. The erythema was well-demarcated, purplish in color. There was a history of fever a week before admission which reached 40 0 Celcius. There are multiple histories of drug administration, either orally or intravenously to this patient, and made the diagnosis of drug reaction is highly possible. The management of these patients consists of suspending suspected drugs and implementing supportive measures.
 Conclusion: Regarding pharmacological treatment, the use of systemic corticosteroids for a prolonged period with a gradual decrease is suggested, to avoid relapses.

PHANGS–MUSE: The H II region luminosity function of local star-forming galaxies

We use an unprecedented sample of about 23 000 H II regions detected at an average physical resolution of 67 pc in the PHANGS–MUSE sample to study the extragalactic H II region Hα luminosity function (LF). Our observations probe the star-forming disk of 19 nearby spiral galaxies with low inclination and located close to the star formation main sequence at z = 0. The mean LF slope, α, in our sample is =1.73 with a σ of 0.15. We find that α decreases with the galaxy’s star formation rate surface density, ΣSFR, and argue that this is driven by an enhanced clustering of young stars at high gas surface densities. Looking at the H II regions within single galaxies, we find that no significant variations occur between the LF of the inner and outer part of the star-forming disk, whereas the LF in the spiral arm areas is shallower than in the inter-arm areas for six out of the 13 galaxies with clearly visible spiral arms. We attribute these variations to the spiral arms increasing the molecular clouds’ arm–inter-arm mass contrast and find suggestive evidence that they are more evident for galaxies with stronger spiral arms. Furthermore, we find systematic variations in α between samples of H II regions with a high and low ionization parameter, q, and argue that they are driven by the aging of H II regions.

Structure Optimization of Semi-Solid Die Cast Steering Knuckle and its Experiment Verification

Steering knuckles are vital functional and structural components in automotive suspension systems, requiring high strength, high ductility, and complex shapes. In this study, an aluminum alloy knuckle with the semi-solid die casting process was developed to replace the conventional steel components. This research aims to optimize product design based on both structural simulation and casting process simulation to avoid defects and to meet mechanical requirements. Furthermore, the optimal design solutions need to be verified through the filling experiments and defect analysis. The results show that the removal of support rib located in the thick area of the shock absorber mounting arm is helpful to avoid the rewelding defects in the filling frontier of the SSM melt. Besides, the position of the steering rod is of medium thickness, and two ribs from different directions come together to support that area. Rewelding defects were detected when two ribs come together. To avoid rewelding defects in local areas of steering rod position, the ribs were reduced to uniform wall thickness. Thus, the local flow state was modified and the SSM melt was reinforced shear action. Ultimately, by controlling all the processes of the SSM die casting process, the high performance of aluminum knuckle was successfully developed.

Do Speed and Proximity Affect Human-Robot Collaboration with an Industrial Robot Arm?

Current guidelines for Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) allow a person to be within the working area of an industrial robot arm whilst maintaining their physical safety. However, research into increasing automation and social robotics have shown that attributes in the robot, such as speed and proximity setting, can influence a person’s workload and trust. Despite this, studies into how an industrial robot arm’s attributes affect a person during HRC are limited and require further development. Therefore, a study was proposed to assess the impact of robot’s speed and proximity setting on a person’s workload and trust during an HRC task. Eighty-three participants from Cranfield University and the ASK Centre, BAE Systems Samlesbury, completed a task in collaboration with a UR5 industrial robot arm running at different speeds and proximity settings, workload and trust were measured after each run. Workload was found to be positively related to speed but not significantly related to proximity setting. Significant interaction was not found for trust with speed or proximity setting. This study showed that even when operating within current safety guidelines, an industrial robot can affect a person’s workload. The lack of significant interaction with trust was attributed to the robot’s relatively small size and high success rate, and therefore may have an influence in larger industrial robots. As workload and trust can have a significant impact on a person’s performance and satisfaction, it is key to understand this relationship early in the development and design of collaborative work cells to ensure safe and high productivity.

TIEMPO DEDICADO A ACTIVIDADES FÍSICAS DE DIFERENTE INTENSIDAD Y SU RELACIÓN CON VARIABLES ANTROPOMÉTRICAS Y GRASA CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES COSTARRICENSES

Introduction: Physical activity is important in the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity. Objective: To determine the association between the time that Costa Rican schoolchildren dedicate to physical activities of different intensities with anthropometric variables and with the percentage of body fat. Materials and methods: Participants were 21 boys and 11 girls with ages between 6 and 9 years old. Anthropometric measurements were weight, size, arm circumference, waist circumference, sub scapular fold, tricipital fold. BMI, arm muscle circumference, arm area, arm muscle area, fat arm area, and waist/height ratio were calculated. Analysis of the percentage of body fat was carried out by the deuterium method. The time devoted to physical activity at different intensity was recorded using the Actiheart accelerometer and the variables recorded were sedentary, light, moderate, vigorous and moderate + vigorous condition. Results: Boys presented significantly higher values (p <0.05) in the moderate, vigorous and moderate + vigorous condition than girls. Pearson's correlation analysis determined a negative association between moderate physical activity time and moderate + vigorous intensity with weight, BMI, waist circumference, triceps skinfold, and body fat percentage. Conclusions: Schoolchildren between 6 and 9 years of age who dedicate more time to activities of moderate intensity and moderate + vigorous intensity reduce risk factors related to the development of non-communicable diseases. Key words: Physical Activity; Anthropometry; School Children; Body Fat; Intensity of Physical Activity; Time of Physical Activity.

Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis Induced By Heparin: An Indonesian Case Report

Introduction: Bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis is a rare clinical disorder which is usually related to a treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), characterized by multiple intra-epidermal haemorrhages distant from the site of injection.
 Presentation of Case: A 62-year-old male patient with coronary heart disease who received heparin treatment experienced several tense, haemorrhagic bullae located on the right arm area, close to the injection site, and followed by the formation of several hematomas on his back trunk 2 days after he had received UFH. The lesions regressed after discontinuation of heparin and supportive topical treatments.
 Discussion: The lesions in this patient have similar characteristic with heparin-induced skin necrosis and demonstrate thrombocytopenia probably related to heparin. There are some proposed hypotheses of pathophysiology which include hypersensitivity reaction and idiosyncratic dose-related reaction. Given the clinically course, the discontinuation of heparin treatment was essential for lesion regression in addition other supportive measures.
 Conclusion: Heparin-induced skin lesions may indicate the presence of life-threatening heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. An early diagnosis is crucial to enable discontinuation of heparin if required.

Selection of Site for Harvesting Dermal Grafts as a Spacer in the Correction of Eyelid Retraction.

Several materials can serve as spacer grafts in the repair of retracted lower eyelids. However, previous studies did not reveal any of these to be superior to the others. From our perspective, autologous dermal grafts are ideal because they are biologically compatible and abundantly available. However, the absorption of these grafts is an issue, and the thickness of the dermal grafts is crucial. We evaluated the dermal thickness at five potential donor sites using ultrasonography and the efficacy and safety of the posterior neck dermis as a spacer graft in the correction of retracted lower eyelids. In 20 healthy volunteers, the dermal thickness was assessed using ultrasonography and compared between the posterior neck, upper arm, inguinal area, intergluteal cleft, and gluteal sulcus. Between January 2018 and June 2021, eight retracted lower eyelids in eight patients were repaired using a posterior neck dermal graft. The surgical results of these grafts were also evaluated. The mean age of the volunteers was 37.8 years, and the mean body mass index was 24.45kg/m2. The intergluteal cleft provided the thickest dermis followed by the posterior neck and gluteal sulcus, which were not significantly different. The upper arm and inguinal area had the thinnest dermis without significant differences between them. The mean marginal reflex distance 2/iris ratio decreased by 0.15 (p=0.008). The mean cosmetic score (0-10) for evaluation of lower eyelid reconstruction increased by 3.38 (p=0.011). The mean Vancouver Scar Scale score for evaluation of donor site scarring was 3.21. Although the posterior neck dermis is the second thickest, it is an ideal spacer graft in the reconstruction of retracted lower eyelids. Adequate thickness, uncomplicated methods, and a closer surgical field are its advantages. Additionally, donor site morbidity is minimal, with acceptable scarring. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Three-Dimensionally Printed Surgical Simulation Tool for Brain Mapping Training and Preoperative Planning.

Brain mapping is the most reliable intraoperative tool for identifying surrounding functional cortical and subcortical brain parenchyma. Brain mapping procedures are nuanced and require a multidisciplinary team and a well-trained neurosurgeon. Current training methodology involves real-time observation and operation, without widely available surgical simulation. To develop a patient-specific, anatomically accurate, and electrically responsive biomimetic 3D-printed model for simulating brain mapping. Imaging data were converted into a 2-piece inverse 3D-rendered polyvinyl acetate shell forming an anatomically accurate brain mold. Functional and diffusion tensor imaging data were used to guide wire placement to approximate the projection fibers from the arm and leg areas in the motor homunculus. Electrical parameters were generated, and data were collected and processed to differentiate between the 2 tracts. For validation, the relationship between the electrical signal and the distance between the probe and the tract was quantified. Neurosurgeons and trainees were interviewed to assess the validity of the model. Material testing of the brain component showed an elasticity modulus of 55 kPa (compared to 140 kPa of cadaveric brain), closely resembling the tactile feedback a live brain. The simulator's electrical properties approximated that of a live brain with a voltage-to-distance correlation coefficient of r2=0.86. Following 32 neurosurgeon interviews, ∼96% considered the model to be useful for training. The realistic neural properties of the simulator greatly improve representation of a live surgical environment. This proof-of-concept model can be further developed to contain more complicated tractography, blood and cerebrospinal fluid circulation, and more in-depth feedback mechanisms.

Quantitative Assessment of the Cryolipolysis Method for Body Contouring in Asian Patients.

PurposeCryolipolysis has been demonstrated to be a safe and efficient non-invasive treatment modality for reducing subcutaneous discrete areas of fat; however, only limited studies have focused on body contouring in Asian patients. The present work focuses on the quantitative assessment of the cryolipolysis method for body contouring in Asian patients.Patients and MethodsThe retrospective study evaluated the medical records of 4122 patients with body contouring who underwent cryolipolysis treatment in multiple centers across Japan from January 2019 to June 2019. We evaluated the demographic profiles, treatment areas, and safety assessments among these 4122 patients. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in 146 patients at one of the clinics, Shonan Beauty Clinic, out of which 54 and 27 had treatments in the abdomen and upper arm areas, respectively. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on patient surveys, circumference measurements, and assessment of photographs.ResultsEvaluation of choice for treatment area suggested that men generally focused more on the surrounding areas of the abdomen, while women even had options for the abdomen and the upper arm. No long-term side effects were observed during the study period. There was a significant reduction in the circumference of both the abdomen and upper arm areas (P < 0.05). Additionally, 16.7% and 18.5% of patients who had received treatment on their abdomen and upper arm, respectively, returned for the next sessions within six months. Patients who had received treatment on their upper arms were more satisfied in the categories of pain and bruising and treatment effectiveness compared to those who had received treatment on their abdomen.ConclusionBased on the results obtained in this retrospective study on Asian patients, it can be stated that cryolipolysis is a safe and well-tolerated nonsurgical fat-reduction procedure. Clinical effectiveness can be consistently achieved with proper patient evaluation and patient satisfaction.

Study on the reproductive toxicity and mechanism of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP) in Caenorhabditis elegans

Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP), a typical alkyl organophosphate ester is widely used as an emerging flame retardant for polybrominated diphenyl ethers alternatives, but the potential toxicity and mechanism are unclear. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of TnBP and its related mechanisms were explored using the Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model. After TnBP (100–1000 μg/L) exposure, brood size and the number of fertilized eggs in the uterus in C. elegans were significantly reduced, the relative area of gonad arm and the number of total germline cells in C. elegans were significantly reduced, germ cell apoptosis and germ cell DNA damage in C. elegans were significantly increased, the level of ROS in C. elegans was significantly increased. Furthermore, TnBP exposure caused abnormal gene expressions of cell apoptosis (ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3), DNA damage (hus-1, clk-2, cep-1 and egl-1) and oxidative stress (mev-1 and gas-1). TnBP exposure can lead to reproductive ability decreased and gonad development impaired in C. elegans, the mechanism of TnBP reduced reproductive ability may be related to germ cell apoptosis, germ cell DNA damage and oxidative stress. Environmental exposure to TnBP may have potential reproductive toxicity.

Effects of 12-week transition training with minimalist shoes on Achilles tendon loading in habitual rearfoot strike runners

Minimalist shod runners have reported greater material and mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon (AT) due to increased loading than runners who wear more cushioned running shoes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12-week transition training from conventional shoes to minimalist shoes on AT loading in habitual rearfoot strike runners. Seventeen healthy male habitual rearfoot strikers completed 12-week transition training. They were instructed either to run in minimalist shoes with a forefoot strike pattern (MIN + FFS, n = 9) or run in minimalist shoes but were free to develop their strike pattern (MIN, n = 8). Ultrasound images were captured to determine the cross-sectional area of the AT. Sagittal plane ankle kinematics and ground reaction forces were recorded simultaneously to quantify ankle joint mechanics and AT loading. The strike angle significantly decreased in MIN + FFS after the transition training, indicating a flatter foot at initial contact, whereas no changes were observed in MIN. After training, a significant increase in peak plantarflexion moment was observed for MIN + FFS (15.4%) and MIN (7.6%). Significantly increased peak AT force, peak loading rate and peak stress were observed after training in both groups. Specifically, MIN + FFS had a greater increase in peak AT force (20.3% versus 10.1%), peak loading rate (37.2% versus 25.4%) and peak AT stress (13.7% versus 8.1%) than MIN. Furthermore, for both groups, there were no significant differences in the moment arm and cross-sectional area of the AT observed before and after 12 weeks of training. The results of this study suggested that it was insufficient to promote the morphological adaptation of the AT, but the mechanical loading of the AT was adapted during running after 12-week transition training with minimalist shoes in MIN + FFS and MIN. Preliminary evidence showed that a gradual transition to minimalist shoes with a forefoot strike pattern may be beneficial to the mechanical loading of the AT.

Design and implement of robotic arm and control of moving via IoT with Arduino ESP32

Every day, the technologies are expanding and developed with extra things to them. A cloud computing (CC) and Internet of things (IoT) became deeply associated with technologies of the internet of future with one supply the other a way helping it for the successful. Arduino microcontroller is used to design robotic arm to pick and place the objects by the web page commands that can be used in many industrials. It can pick and place an object from source to destination and drive the screws in into its position safely. The robot arm is controlled using web page designed by (html) language which contain the dashboard that give the commands to move the servos in the desired angle to get the aimed direction accordingly. At the receiver end there are four servo motors which are made to be interfaced with the micro controller (Arduino) which is connected to the wireless network router. One of these is for the arm horizontally movement and two for arm knee, while the fourth is for catch tings or tight movement. Two ultra-sonic sensors are used for limiting the operation area of the robotic arm. Finally, Proteus program is used for the simulation the controlling of robot before the hardware installation

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy versus incisional biopsy in soft tissue sarcoma: an institutional experience

Core needle biopsy (CNB) is gaining in importance due to its advantages in the matter of patient morbidity, time and cost. Nevertheless, controversies still exist regarding the biopsy technique of choice for the accurate diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This retrospective cohort study compared the diagnostic performance between ultrasound-guided CNB and incisional biopsy (IB), both performed by orthopedic surgeons. The aims of the study were to answer the following questions: (1) Is ultrasound-guided CNB a highly reliable modality for diagnosing STSs? (2) Is CNB equally useful to IB for identifying histologic subtype? (3) Had patients who underwent CNB a reduced risk of complications? One-hundred and fifty-three patients who underwent resection of soft tissue sarcoma were classified into two groups according to biopsy technique prior to surgery; CNB group (n = 95) and IB group (n = 58). The final surgical specimens were in 40 patients liposarcoma (myxoid, pleomorphic and dedifferentiated), 39 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), 33 myxofibrosarcoma, 10 synovial sarcoma, 10 leiomyosarcoma and in the remaining 21 patients different soft tissue sarcoma entities. Sarcoma location of 71 patients was in the thigh, 19 in the lower leg, 22 in the upper arm and shoulder area; 10 in the knee and gluteal region, 9 in the thoracic region, the residual 12 in other body areas. Malignancy was correctly diagnosed in 87% (83 of 95) for the CNB group and 93% (54/58) for the IB group. Correct identification rate of histologic subtype was 80% (76 of 95) in the CNB group and 83% (48 of 58) in the IB group. There were no significant differences in the correct diagnosis rates of malignancy and subtype between the two techniques. No complications were seen in the CNB group, whereas 2 patients in whom IB was performed developed pulmonary embolism and 1 patient surgical site infection. Ultrasound-guided CNB is highly accurate and not inferior to IB in diagnosing the dignity of lesions and histologic subtype in patients with suspected STSs.

Optimal Design of a Quadrupole Armature Arm Based on Reverse Loading Method

To solve the problem of separation of armature and rail at the tail of a quadrupole armature arm at the initial contact, the causes of separation are analyzed based on simplifying the armature arm into a cantilever beam. At the same time, to obtain the contour curve of the armature arm, a reverse loading method is proposed, and the rationality of this method is verified. In view of the shortcomings of the reverse loading method, an improved method of using finite element simulation to predict the deflection of the armature arm is proposed. The results show that the curve of the armature arm obtained by the improved reverse loading method is, at initial contact, without contact separation at the tail. The contact area and contact efficiency of the armature arm are significantly improved, and the pressure distribution on the contact surface is more uniform, which provides an effective contact state for pulse current.

Saved by the collaterals

Lee et al1 have provided a summary of published reports regarding emergency ligation of the brachial artery in the setting of an infected upper arm brachial origin hemodialysis access. The data indicate that brachial artery ligation without repair is well tolerated when performed in the distal upper arm or antecubital area.

Influence of tobacco on the behavior, parasitism and mortality of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) associated with eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), is widely used in augmentative biological control programs. However, there is no information on the behavior and biology of this parasitoid in stored tobacco. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the chemotactic response, parasitism, and mortality of females of T. pretiosum parasitizing eggs of Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the presence of different tobacco types. The chemotactic responses of T. pretiosum females were observed with a double and multiple choice olfactometer. The odors of dry Burley and Virginia tobacco and of Virginia tobacco seedlings were evaluated. Treatments with or without the presence of E. kuehniella eggs were compared. To evaluate parasitism with and without choice, eggs of E. kuehniella adhered to the same tobacco used in the olfactometer. The eggs of E. kuehniella were offered to a female of T. pretiosum for 2 h, with adult parasitoid mortality recorded. In double-choice olfactometer there was no attraction of T. pretiosum females to the odors of the different types and classes of dry tobacco evaluated when compared to the control (air). Only tobacco seedlings and E. kuehniella eggs attracted the parasitoid. Females of T. pretiosum preferred tobacco infested with host eggs regardless of the type and class of tobacco. In multiple-choice olfactometer T. pretiosum females spent the same time in the area of the arms containing tobacco as in the area of arm containing control (air). The percentage of apparent parasitism of T. pretiosum varied according to the surface on which the host's eggs adhered. Although females of T. pretiosum responded positively to the host's volatiles, even with the presence of dry tobacco, when they came into direct contact with some types and classes of tobacco there was no parasitism.

Concept Towards Segmenting Arm Areas for Robot-Based Dermatological In Vivo Measurements

Dermatological in vivo measurements are used for various purposes, e.g. health care, development and testing of skin care products or claim support in marketing. Especially for the last two purposes, in vivo measurements are extensive due to the quantity and repeatability of the measurement series. Furthermore, they are performed manually and therefore represent a nonnegligible time and cost factor. A solution to this is the implementation of collaborative robotics for the measurement execution. Due to various body shapes and surface conditions, common static control procedures are not applicable. To solve this problem, spatial information obtained from a stereoscopic camera can be integrated into the robot control process. However, the designated measurement area has to be detected and the spatial information processed. Therefore the authors propose a concept towards segmenting arm areas through a CNN-based object detector and their further processing to perform robot-based in vivo measurements. The paper gives an overview of the utilization of RGB-D images in 2D object detectors and describes the selection of a suitable model for the application. Furthermore the creation, annotation and augmentation of a custom dataset is presented.

Harnesssing Technology Maintenance Process of Tidal Energy Converter

Tidal energy has become an alternative solution for energy source in the future especially for countries with vast ocean such as Indonesia. Tidal energy converter is relatively new which resulted in different concept or even prototypes. The design of tidal energy converter must consider the simplicity of the maintenance process. How is the existing prototypes of tida energy converter maintenance process. This paper evaluate the existing prototype which use floating platform such as Larantuka strait and Madura strait prototype which use Darrieus turbine, T Files turbine which use gorlov turbine, BlueTEC and Horizontal Axis Tidal Current Turbine (HATCT) which use horizontal turbine. The evaluation are based on several criteria such as operational check, inspection and maintenance of harnessing technology or turbine arm where shaft, gearbox and generator are included in the arm which can be called as harnessing technology. The results of comparison shows that the tilted method of maintenance has advantages of visual inspection. The comparison also shows that there is still room for improvement for the design regarding the onsite maintenance by providing larger deck. As the answer of the comparison, a novel design concept is offered using turbine arm with motor for tilting the arm and larger deck area.