Argentine Society Research Articles

From Indigenous Resistance to the Contemporary Argentine Contempt for Authority

The political stability of a modern democracy, excluding environmental or external causes, is determined by multiple factors, all influenced by human behaviour. One indicator of political stability that takes the human factor into account is the time in office of a ruler. The stability of a ruler can be directly affected, for example, if they are killed, or indirectly, if the laws issued by the ruler are not followed. Non-compliance is dependent on the level of contempt for authority among citizens. A post-hoc hypothesis from a previous publication suggests that indigenous contempt for the authority of the white conqueror and coloniser is seen as a primary causal factor of political instability in Argentina. In this work, indigenous contempt has been shown to have originated from the mistreatment of indigenous peoples by the conqueror and coloniser, and it is expressed in practice by laws and norms being violated as a covert form of resistance. This behaviour has been spread throughout Argentine society due to extensive genetic mixing between Amerindian and Eurasian peoples, initially encouraged by the Spanish Crown. It is observed that these behaviours persist in the 21st century, partly because mistreatment and discrimination against indigenous peoples continue, and partly because pigmentocracy exists, a social system where wealth and status depend on skin colour. It is therefore crucial to understand that a large part of the causes of Argentina's political instability can be traced to the non-compliance with laws and regulations, which originated as forms of indigenous resistance to the Spanish conqueror and coloniser. Public policies aimed at improving compliance should be designed to integrate indigenous cultures into Argentine identity, ensuring that all citizens wish to comply with the laws because they now see them as their own.

P153 NATIONAL SURVEY OF ARGENTINE DOCTORS ON HYPERTENSION

Background and Objective: Hypertension (HTN) is the leading cardiovascular risk factor, yet its control remains low. Identifying factors influencing diagnosis, potential clinical inertia, and the measuring devices used is crucial. Objective: This study aims to understand factors in medical practice affecting HTN knowledge and control, and to assess the availability and use of blood pressure (BP) measurement devices. Methods: This observational, cross-sectional study is based on a 25-question self-administered survey by the Argentine Society of Hypertension (SAHA) and the Argentine Society of Medicine (SAM), targeting doctors treating HTN patients in Argentina. This report focuses on BP measurement. Results: A total of 1,042 responses were received, with women comprising 45.8% (n:471). Responses came from 430 cardiologists (41.7%), 380 internists (36.8%), 68 HTN specialists (6.6%), 54 primary care physicians (5.2%), and 100 from other specialties (9.7%). An own validated automatic arm BP monitor was used by 44.5%, a manual aneroid by 36.5%, an institution's validated automatic arm monitor by 10.9%, and a fixed wall aneroid by 8.2%. BP was measured in all patients by 89% of respondents, sometimes by 8.5%, and only if the patient was hypertensive by 1.7%. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was always requested before treatment by 25.2%, sporadically by 34%, never by 4.1%, and only for BP between 130/85 mmHg and 159/99 mmHg by 36.7%. The 24-hour ABPM values for initiating pharmacological treatment were >140/90 mmHg (40.9%), >135/85 mmHg (39%), and >130/80 mmHg (20.1%). Conclusions: Discrepancies exist in HTN patient care. Only 20% of doctors start pharmacological treatment at 24-hour ABPM values above 130/80 mmHg. Enhancing education and information could improve HTN control strategies.

El lado oscuro de la juventud. Sexo, drogas y modernización cultural en el cine negro argentino de los años sesenta

This article analyzes three Argentine films from the 60s: La Patota (Daniel Tinayre, 1960), Orden de Matar (Román Viñoly Barreto, 1965), and Humo de Marihuana (Lucas Demare, 1968). In them, youth and their customs are central. The protagonists seek a life of pleasures but find tragic destinies. The films present sexuality, violence, rock & roll, social gatherings, fashions, and drugs as threats to their lives and social order. Reflect the conservative perspectives of the time, which viewed with concern the youth getting involved in renewing activities. The films contrast with the thematic and aesthetic renewal of the Generation of 60 and represent the opinions of the most conservative sectors of Argentine society, which from 1966 would impose a dictatorial regime that saw youth as the cause of many of the country’s problems.

New exanthematous desease in pediatrics

Exanthems do not represent a disease per se, but they are the most clinically useful manifestation for the arrival of the diagnosis of the disease for the physician, as well as the most common cause that brings patients to the consultation. Regarding new pediatric exanthems, it is important to consider the age of onset since they tend to manifest after the first year of the individual's life, while up to 12 months, their epidemiology is usually limited to the well-known classics such as measles, sudden rash, rubella, chickenpox, Kawasaki disease, Coxsackie virus, meningococcemia, echovirus, among others. (1) Classic exanthematous diseases have been known for a long time and have been classified in sequential order. The first and second refer to scarlet fever and measles. Rubella is the third. The exanthem caused by staphylococcal epidermolytic toxin is the fourth. Erythema infectiosum is the fifth, and sudden rash is the sixth disease. In recent decades, new tools and methodologies based on four forms of investigation through clinical studies, laboratory studies, epidemiological studies, and clinical trials including the validation of new and more specific diagnostic criteria, such as procedures for the detection of viral genetic sequences such as PCR, viral load, and antibody affinities, as well as exhaustive epidemiological analyses in patient groups of different ages, nationalities, and skin types, have led to the diagnosis of new exanthematous diseases known as pityriasis rosea (PR), Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS), asymmetric periflexural exanthem/unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (APE/ULE), gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS), eruptive pseudoangiomatosis (EP), and eruptive hypomelanosis (EH). (2) Background:(Complete here). Material and methods: (Different case repot were analyzed in relation to the available literature in virtual libraries such as PubMed and cited by the Argentine Society of pediatrics). Results: (The systematic review of new rashes manifested mostly in the pediatric population increasingly suggest their viral etiology as well as their low risk of serious systemic complications. Determining their characteristics, chronology and topography as well as the physician´s experience shead diagnostic light on daily clinical practice). Conclusion: (The epidemiological and histopathological analysis of the lesion and clinical methods of diagnosing these rashes has been intense over the past 30 years, although their observation remains key to the increasingly accurate determination of their etiology, which is still subject to refinement and discussion

Opening Speech of the 2024 Presidency of the Argentine Society of Cardiology

Opening Speech of the 2024 Presidency of the Argentine Society of Cardiology

Visualising Afro-Cultural Identities in Contemporary Argentina: The Case of Antepasados. Los afroporteños en la cultura nacional

Antepasados. Los afroporteños en la cultura nacional [Ancestors: Afroporteños in National Culture] was one of the most comprehensive museum exhibits to address the cultural heritage of Afro-descendants from Buenos Aires – known as afroporteños. It was open to the public from April to June 2016 at the Museo del Libro y de la Lengua [Museum of Books and Language]. The primary purpose of Antepasados was to recapture afroporteños’ cultural heritage and fill what scholars, curators, and the government saw as a “regrettable absence” in narratives about national identity. This study examines how Antepasados (2016) articulated the logic of whiteness in Argentina and the politics of race representation in museums and public history while recognising the erasure of Afro-descendants in official discourse. This exhibit acknowledges the contribution of afroporteños to national culture and identity, and shows how Argentine society is dealing with its racial reckoning, albeit with certain contradictions. Finally, this study inscribes the case of afroporteños into broader discussions about race in Latin America by reframing national identity and cultural heritage discourses in more inclusive terms within a country where an emphasis on whiteness has been predominant.

Argentine Fin-de-Siècle: Melancholic Decadence and the Rise of the Popular

Argentine Fin-de-Siècle:Melancholic Decadence and the Rise of the Popular Alejandra Uslenghi KEYWORDS Fin-de-Siecle, Fin de Siglo, Modernity, Nation Building, Oligarchy, Queer Studies, Joven Moderna, Modern Femininity, Drama Criollo, Gaucho, Literatura Gauchesca, Juan Moreira, Mass Media, Female Magazines, Octavio Bunge, Delfina Bunge, Manuel Galvez, Podesta Circus, Jose Podesta, Nini Marshall, Tita Merello WILLIAM G. ACREE, Jr. Staging Frontiers: The Making of Modern Popular Culture in Argentina and Uruguay. U of New Mexico P, 2019, 288 pp. JOSEPH PIERCE. Argentine Intimacies: Queer Kinship in an Age of Splendor, 1890–1910. SUNY UP, 2019, 336 pp. CECILIA TOSSOUNIAN. La Joven Moderna in Interwar Argentina: Gender, Nation, and Popular Culture. U of Florida P, 2020, 184 pp. The long turn of the century in Argentina has continually claimed nostalgic narratives, fierce ideological impeachments, and abundant scholarly attention. It is indubitably one of the foundational periods of the country's modernization and of the transformations Latin America would undergo in the twentieth century. The increased flow of European immigration—a product of the 1929 hemispheric economic collapse—and the subsequent military coup that inaugurated "an infamous decade" resulted in a retrospective and conservative characterization of a time of unprecedented accumulation of wealth and demographic growth. This idealized period would come to be known as the Argentine Belle Époque, the Age of Splendor, or una época brillante. The ascent of the country's landed oligarchy to power and their control of the nation-state apparatus, alongside their subsequent decline and collapse opposite the Peronist party and the popular masses, who had been politically disfranchised, culturally manipulated, and brutally repressed, sedimented a historical narrative. Although this narrative has often changed narrators and central characters, it remains a hegemonic pole of attraction for many scholars from various disciplines. Historians and philosophers have traced the constitution of the modern nation-state under worldviews shaped by positivism and eugenics; political scientists have examined the power dynamics that informed a new centralized state apparatus; literary critics and art historians have analyzed the rhetoric and ideological trappings of the brand of cultural nationalism that [End Page 95] became hegemonic; and, more recently, cultural studies scholars have brought interdisciplinary approaches to redefine the cultural divide between "high" and "low" cultural practices in light of the increased literacy, new media, and novel forms of sociality in modern urban life. Joseph Pierce, one of the authors under review here, hints in his introduction that we "are still under the spell of that turn of the century, that age of splendor in which the matter of kinship was cast anew as something that had been and could be again but different, modern" (2). The three works under consideration examine the cultural history of the decades between the Argentine fin de siècle and the interwar period in different yet interrelated ways. Staging Frontiers historicizes the phenomenon of the drama criollo since the wars of independence and focuses on the widespread popularity of these performances between the 1880s and 1910s. This period overlaps with the focus of Argentine Intimacies. La joven moderna extends beyond the chronological limits of the fin de siècle and into the mid-twentieth century as it considers the emergence of Eva Perón as a political figure. The confluence of these studies bears witness to the continuous spell of the age of splendor and highlights the significance of the Argentine case in Latin America. These books, however, suggest that it is not merely the charm, glamour, or enchantment of the long turn of the century in Argentina that continue to captivate scholars, but rather the far-reaching effects of the collapse of the political and ideological edifice of the nation. The legal, political, and cultural infrastructures built by the intellectual elite of the 1880s, closely aligned with the interests of the landed oligarchy, constitute a most troubling legacy, a politicized cultural archive, and a pervasive nationalistic discourse that continues to haunt present-day Argentine society. These three authors delve into the problematic nature of the period in question during which the intellectual elite who sought to exercise control over the political system and public life was confronted by all kinds of responses: The two decades that...

BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS OVER 60 YEARS OLD IN A PRIMARY CARE HEALTH CENTER NEAR BY A BIG CITY: WHAT ABOUT THE THERAPEUTIC GOALS?

Objective: Until today we have no universal worldwide definition about the value to be used to determine if the patient have arterial hypertension or not, even worse in the elderly, such an special population with all the risk arround to not have blood pressure (BP) under control. It is that according to differents guidelines that we relies on for diagnosis and treatment. For example, for the European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) is defined as a systolic BP (SBP) greater than or equal to 140 mmHg or a diastolic BP (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mmHg, Against to the American College of Cardiology and the American Association of Cardiology (ACC/AHA) that define as a normal BP less than 120/80 mmHg. Meanwhile for the Argentine Society of Cardiology (SAC) BP would be less than 130 and/or 85 mmHg. To determine if the hypertensive population that participated in this study meets the therapeutic goals proposed in the guidelines or not. Design and method: We included patients older than 60 years old previusly diagnosed with arterial hypertension who where attended between march and june in 2022, retrospectively. They were classified according to age and sex and blood pressure value at the time of the evaluation, taken according to recommendations. Results: 855 hypertensive subjects were recruited (female 28%, 71,9±7,8 years); with an average SBP of 138.9±17,4 mmHg, an average DBP of 85.9±12,9 mmHg and an average mean pressure (MAP) of 103.5±13,8 mmHg. Table 1 shows the results obtained for SBP, DBP, and MAP according to age. Conclusions: No matter which guideline is taken as reference, the vast majority of the hypertensive population studied continues without controlling their BP values, finding themselves above the goals of any of the mentioned guides, knowing the great risk that this can cause in this such a special population. More universal studies are needed to achieve a global reference value.

Lower socioeconomic conditions are associated with higher rates but similar outcomes in Sepsis in children

to determine the regional prevalence, mortality, and sociodemographic situation of patients diagnosed with severe sepsis (SS) and septic shock (SSh) admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). patients aged 1 to 216 months admitted to 47 participating PICUs with a diagnosis of SS or SSh between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2018, were included. Secondary analysis was performed on the Argentine Society of Intensive Care Benchmarking Quality Program (SATI-Q) database for SS and SSh and a review of the annual reports of the Argentine Ministry of Health and the National Institute of Statistics and Census for the sociodemographic indices of the respective years. 45,480 admissions were recorded in 47 PICUs, 3,777 of them with a diagnosis of SS and SSh. The combined prevalence of SS and SSh decreased from 9.9% in 2010 to 6.6% in 2018. The combined mortality decreased from 34.5% to 23.5%. Multivariate analysis showed that the Odds ratio (OR) of the association between SS and SSh mortality was 1.88 (95% CI: 1.46-2.32) and 2.4 (95% CI: 2.16-2.66), respectively, adjusted for malignant disease, PIM2, and mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of SS and SSh in different health regions (HR) was associated with the percentage of poverty and infant mortality rate (p < 0.001). However, there was no association between sepsis mortality and HR adjusted for PIM2. Prevalence and mortality of SS and SSh have decreased over time in the participating PICUs. Lower socioeconomic conditions were associated with higher prevalence but similar sepsis outcomes.

Controversies in the Management of Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Strategies to prevent thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-positive patients are of the utmost importance. The risk of thrombosis in patients with aPLs varies, depending on additional venous thrombosis and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as associated comorbidities. Recurrent thrombosis despite treatment with vitamin K antagonists is relatively common in daily practice. In this context, the effectiveness of the new direct oral anticoagulants in antiphospholipid syndrome is debated, as well as that of low-dose aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis. There is an urgent unmet need to recognize the subgroup of patients that may benefit from low-dose aspirin use. Here we also discuss different points of view on primary and secondary thrombosis preventions in aPL-positive patients, which were presented as a debate during the 2021 PANLAR Congress (Pan-American League of the Association of Rheumatology) and that was organized by GESAF (Argentine Society of Rheumatology APS Study Group). It is the intention of this article to provide a useful discussion to aid treatment decision-making in daily clinical practice.

The Road to Buenos Aires Is Paved with Good Design: Worldmaking Fantasies and the Latin American Industrial Design Exhibition

ABSTRACT In 1970, Argentinian industrialists and cultural entrepreneurs sought to harness industrial design to reenergize a stalled economy. In collaboration with the International Council and the Department of Architecture and Design of the Museum of Modern Art, they worked to bring to Buenos Aires more than 400 objects of MoMA’s design collection. Spearheaded by Emilio Ambasz, the exhibition 20th Century Industrial Design would effectively reproduce the New York institution in Buenos Aires. Amid entropic forces dissolving the social cohesion of Argentine society, MoMA sought to champion a revised version of Good Design in a cultural battle for the souls of Latin American consumers.

How much does a citation cost?: A case study based on CONICET's budget

Introduction: CONICET has been fundamental in the training of a large number of researchers and the promotion of science in Argentine society. Objective: describe the relative cost per published article and citation received for articles published by authors affiliated with CONICET. Methods: a bibliometric study was carried out in which the scientific production of CONICET was analyzed in the Scopus database and the CONICET budget from 2016 to 2021. Results: a decrease in the CONICET budget was observed, only recovering in the last year but without reaching the historical maximum studied. On the other hand, as previously mentioned, it was commented that the citations decreased despite the increase in the number of articles. Faced with this panorama, the theoretical cost of an article and that of a bibliographical citation can be presented. So, for example, for the year 2021, the cost of publishing an article was 41014,09 USD, and the cost of a citation was 9442,77 USD. Conclusions: we cannot minimize the budgetary expenses of a government institution of thousands of workers to simple final products that are articles when in between are the expenses of salaries, awareness campaigns, building construction and its maintenance or things that have nothing to do with it. With science (or yes) how to pay the water bill of an institute; but if we can get closer to a theoretical cost of the articles and citations produced by Argentine scientists

The afterlives of political violence in Argentina: The gendered body and everyday cruelty

AbstractWhile the last decade in Argentina saw an expansion of civil rights and an increased awareness of gendered violence, prison conditions for women deteriorated. A prominent example took place in Buenos Aires in May 2014 when thirty women in ‘Unidad 31’ were violently transferred to make space for men convicted of crimes against humanity during the last military dictatorship (1976‐1983). This event reveals how the repercussions of the last military dictatorship continue to unfold, displaying new iterations of military power. As former military men settled into a women's prison, the privileges of high‐ranking men expose how the afterlives of political violence reproduce gendered inequities in the prison system and, more broadly, in Argentine society. Drawing on three years of ethnographic fieldwork (2014‐2017), I consider how acts of resistance carried out by feminist collectives expose historical trauma and contemporary expressions of political violence.

Abstracts from XXIV Annual Meeting of the Argentinean Society of Biology (SAB)

Abstracts from XXIV Annual Meeting of the Argentinean Society of Biology (SAB)

Follow-up of Specialist in Cardiology Graduates at University of Buenos Aires. Cosme Argerich Hospital Experience

Background: Follow-up of graduates in a career is an indicator of educational quality, and their professional and academic work allows evaluating the results of long-term instituted programs Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perception of graduates from the postgraduate specialist course (PSC) in cardiology at University of Buenos Aires (UBA) Hospital Argerich venue on the quality of training received, how they insert in the professional world, and their engagement in subspecialties. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 1 to 31, 2020. A self-administered opinion survey was designed using surveymonkey.com and submitted to 28 graduates of the PSC in cardiology UBA-Hospital Argerich, corresponding to 7 consecutive promotions (2010-2016 years of admission). Results: The survey was answered by 25 graduates (89.2%). Mean age was 34 years and 14 (56%) were men. The questions explored the global assessment, the evaluation of the scientific and academic activity at the hospital venue as well as that of the Argentine Society of Cardiology Biennial Course of Cardiology. Most of the answers were favorable. All the graduates continue practicing the profession and 76% have received advanced training in a subspecialty. Conclusions: Graduates from the PSC in cardiology at Hospital Argerich perceive that their training has been very good or excellent and has been essential for their professional development. All the data collected are a source of information to provide feedback and optimize teaching in the training institution.

Labor Equity, Gender Violence and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Cardiology Specialists

Background: Cardiology specialists may suffer from stressors that affect their health, such as labor inequity and gender violence, in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors (RF) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the level of well-being, labor equity and gender violence and to establish the prevalence of CRF in cardiology specialists in Argentina. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study through an anonymous survey conducted in September 2021 among specialists included in the Argentine Society of Cardiology registry. Data on labor equity, labor and domestic violence and CRF were collected. Results: Six hundred and eleven professionals (40.5% women) participated in the survey: 63% worked more than 44 hours per week; 3 out of 10 were on duty for 12 or 24 hours (38.5% women vs. 28% men, p&lt;0.01). Seventy-two percent of respondents considered the workload excessive while 70% thought their payment was not in accordance with the academic training. Half of female cardiologists surveyed considered that motherhood limited professional development in the specialty. Work-related violence was more frequent in female cardiologists (58% vs. 10% p &lt;0.01), as was domestic violence (16% vs. 6% p &lt;0.01). Men were more overweight (67% men vs. 34% women, p &lt;0.01) and obese (16% vs. 11%, p &lt;0.01) and women were more sedentary (53% vs. 45%, p &lt;0.01). Conclusion: The disconformity in working conditions experienced by both genders was evident, as was the evidence of higher workplace and domestic gender violence in the female specialists surveyed. Despite having knowledge about CVD and cardiovascular RF, the surveyed specialists have a high prevalence of RF.

They Live: Violence, Horror and Spectres in Four Contemporary Argentine Films

Abstract In the Argentine film The Headless Woman (La mujer sin cabeza, Lucrecia Martel, 2008), the protagonist Vero is haunted by the possibility of killing someone in a hit-and-run. Although hinting at the crimes committed during the last dictatorship in Argentina, The Headless Woman refers more to a mechanism of the past that is transformed and updated within contemporary society. In this essay, Martel’s film acts a starting point in the exploration of recent Argentine films that deal with spectres from the past that pervade everyday life in the present: Clementina (Jimena Monteoliva, 2017), One Sister (Una hermana, Sofía Brockenshire and Verena Kuri, 2017) and The Returned (Los que vuelven, Laura Casabé, 2019). In a decade in which we can notice a remarkable growth of the horror genre in Argentine cinema, these films embrace several codes and characters from the horror genre to approach the Argentine reality. The author discusses how these filmmakers adopt similar aesthetic features from the horror genre to invoke and address the violence that permeates Argentine society today, with special attention devoted to ghosts, a key figure to understand an ongoing history of brutalities that usually go unresolved.

Populism and Ethnicity: Peronism and the Jews of Argentina by Raanan Rein

Reviewed by: Populism and Ethnicity: Peronism and the Jews of Argentina by Raanan Rein Valeria Navarro-Rosenblatt (bio) Populism and Ethnicity: Peronism and the Jews of Argentina. By Raanan Rein. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020. 296 pp. Populism and Ethnicity is a translation of Raanan Rein's book Los Muchachos Peronistas Judíos (2015). The Spanish title reminds the readers of a song, "Los Muchachos Peronistas," a Peronist march by an unknown author that transformed a popular soccer song into a political anthem. By using this reference to open his book and present his research, Rein brings to the fore an argument that drives the entire volume: Jews were part of Peronism, despite the myths surrounding the figure of Perón. Remember that in Argentinean history, the figure of Perón has defined Argentinian politics since 1945, evoking a deep commitment or profound rejection and becoming a rift within Argentine society. Jews, as members of the Argentine community, were as committed and involved as any other group of Argentinians. But, just like there were hundreds of young Jews deeply engaged, there were those who distrusted the new movement and government, those who distanced themselves from Perón when a coup d'etat overthrew his government. In Populism and Ethnicity, Rein revisits eleven myths relating to Perón's position towards Jewish-Argentinians, especially in relation to his supposed antisemitism and the Nazi influence after the Second World War. Rein refutes each of these myths through various sources that broaden the scope of the Argentinean Jewish community. He emphasizes unaffiliated Jewish Argentineans, who have been minimized or excluded from previous historical research on Jewish-Argentinean history. In his work, Rein presents two types of myths: those regarding Argentinian society's relation to Jews, antisemitism, and Nazism; and those related to how the Jewish community, Jews and Israel acted toward Perón and the regime. [End Page 318] In the first four chapters of the book, Rein deconstructs the idea that Perón was a Nazi and a fascist. He depicts him as a nationalist with authoritarian elements. His regime and persona were heterogeneous, combining diverse ideologies and political influences that shaped his movement. Rein emphasizes that neither Perón, his wife Evita Perón, nor his two governments were antisemitic. Furthermore, Perón made multiple statements against antisemitism. Rein finds the explanation to these set of myths by reminding us of the long-standing economic rivalry between the US and Argentina in contextualizing Perón's international decisions. Argentina was one of the many countries that sought to recruit scientists, technicians, and experts in general from Germany in the hopes of contributing to the enhancement of the country. As far back as the nineteenth century the Argentinean elite's preference was for northern Europeans, including Germans. Rein also explains how most of the Nazis who arrived in Argentina managed to emigrate by buying visas, and even through false documents and identities, rather than with the control or agency of Perón's government. All these elements bring nuance to the stance that Perón himself or his regime sympathized with Nazis, reminding us that depending on whose perspective we use, the history of Perón's government can look significantly different. The second part of Rein's book examines how different sectors of Jewish society engaged with the Peronist government. From intellectuals to media entrepreneurs, from unionists to businessmen, the support for Peron had several outlets, including newspapers, radio, and, later, television. In the sixth chapter he discusses the role of businessmen and Jewish unionists. Rein directs our gaze toward those working-class Jewish Argentineans, ignored and unaccounted for in previous historical research, who supported Perón from the beginning of Peronism. Additionally, Rein presents different Jewish union leaders to show the movement's openness toward ethnic groups and minorities, allowing them to be part of Peronism as Jewish-Argentines. Populism and Ethnicity reconstructs and highlights new aspects of Perón's government. Rein's emphasis on instances where the regime showed acceptance and inclusiveness toward minorities is particularly important. In Rein's words, the "Peronist ambition of protecting the rights of minorities and weak, marginal groups from the...

PB1829: ARGENTINEAN REAL WORLD EXPERIENCE ON MIDOSTAURIN PLUS INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY VS INTENSIVE CHEMOTHERAPY TO TREAT FLT3 POSITIVE ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA PATIENTS

Background: Midostaurin has been approved by EMA and FDA in combination with intensive chemotherapy (CMT) for FLT3 positive AML based on improved survival. In Argentine was included among therapy strategies in 2018. The real-world experience in day-to-day practice is limited. Aims: To examine the impact of introduction of midostaurin within the backbone to treat FLT3+ AML patients in an Argentinean cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 120 FLT3+ AML patients intensively treated with or without midostaurin excluding APL- and CBF-AML, from the Argentine Society database of 1200 AML diagnosed between March-13/Dec-21 including 20 centers. Responses were evaluated according to the ELN 2017 criteria for intensive chemotherapy (CMT). Statistical analysis included Chi2/Fisher’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, censoring or not at HSCT, to last follow-up or death. Results: FLT3 variants were 103 (86%) ITD, 15 (13%) TKD and 2 (1%) ITD/TKD. Seventy-two patients received first line treatment with standard 7 + 3 CMT and 48 added midostaurin. Sex ratio M/F was 0.6 (47/73) with a median age of 50.7 years (15.1-76.4), being 25% >60 years old, 26% an ECOG>1, 17% a Charlson’s Index (CCI)>2, 95 (97%) intermediate MRC karyotypes (23 not available), 43 (43%) NPM1+ (21 not available). No differences were observed between both populations regarding basal characteristics. The median time to treatment initiation was 3 days, and with a median follow-up of 8.2 months, 84 (68%) died with an early mortality at 28 days of 9.6% (1/11 received midostaurin). Regarding responses on those treated with CMT 64% (n=46) obtained Complete Remission (CR), subsequently 37 pts (51%) received consolidation with high doses of CMT, 13 pts relapsed, and 26 received HSCT. Within the MDT cohort, 79% (n=38) achieved CR, 37 (77%) were consolidated, 7 pts relapsed, and 25 received HSCT. The inclusion of MDT to CMT improved the outcome of our patients. The overall survival censoring at HSCT was 7.0 vs 4.7 (95%CI 1.7-12.4 vs 3.1-6.4, p=0.002), not censoring 12.1 vs 7.7 (95%CI 0.4-23.8 vs 5.5-9.9, p=0.008). Among those who achieved CR, the OS was 24.8 vs 10.3 (95%CI 7.9-41.7 vs 6.7-13.9, p=0.046) and 11.9 vs 6.4 (95%CI 9.5-14.4 vs 5.4-7.4, p=0.015), without differences regarding relapse free survival, evaluated to last follow-up (median not reached, p=0.800). No statistical differences were observed regarding survival after HSCT (9.6 vs 10.3, p=0.773). In our media FLT3 inhibitors are not approved as maintenance therapy after HSCT. Summary/Conclusion: Our results in day-to-day practice confirm that midostaurin associated with CMT improved the outcome of FLT3 positive AML patients.

P536: VALUE OF MEASURABLE RESIDUAL DISEASE BY MULTIPARAMETRIC FLOW CYTOMETRY IN NON-PROMYELOCYTIC ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA. REAL WORLD EVIDENCE

Background: Measurable residual disease (MRD) allows recognition of a group of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a higher risk of relapse. There are, however, remaining open questions, since clinical studies applied variable techniques, cutoff values and time points. Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) is the most accessible method in Argentina, since real time PCR assessment is not available for the majority of the institutions. We designed, therefore, this real-life study using decentralized assessment of MRD by MFC to solve the role of positive MRD at different times during treatment with standard chemotherapy. Aims: Our aim was to assess the impact of positive MRD at the end of induction and after first consolidation (C1) as a prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with non-promyelocytic AML. Methods: The registry of the Argentinian Group of Acute Leukemia (GALA) from the Argentine Society of Hematology (SAH) includes data from 20 centers. We retrospectively selected an analytical cohort with all patients with AML, treated with an intensive regimen and in complete remission (CR) after induction, from January 2010 to March 2021. The OS and RFS were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and its comparison was evaluated by log-rank, censoring patients at the time of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The cut-off point for MRD analysis was 0.1% evaluated at the end of induction and after C1. A subanalysis of patients with unknown and intermediate cytogenetic risk (CRM modified according to available molecular data of FLT3, NPM1 and CEBPA) was performed. Results: Of the 1,160 patients enrolled in the registry, 493 met the inclusion criteria and 20 were excluded due to lack of MRD data at the end of induction. Among the 473 patients analyzed: 238 were women, the median age was 49.5 years [IQR 36.6-59.7]), 184 (38.9%) were intermediate risk and 51 (10.8%) with not evaluable cytogenetic and molecular data. With a median follow-up of 18.9 months, 158 (33.4%) relapsed and 130 (27.5%) died. The median (Me) OS for patients with post induction negative MRD (MRDneg) was 61.2 (CI95% not evaluable) versus 25.9 months (CI95% 2.5-49.2) with positive MRDpos, p =0.03. The RFS were 20.4 (CI95 8-32.8) and 12.4 (CI95% 6.5-18.3), p=0.06, for MRDneg and MRDpos respectively. Regarding the evaluation of MRD post C1, the Me OS was not reached for patients with MRDneg, while it was 22.1 months (CI95% 9.3-34.8) among patients with MRDpos, p=0.03. Their respective RFS were 30.3 (CI95% not evaluable) and 14.4 months (CI95% 0-30.7), p=0.03, respectively. In the subanalysis carried out in the group with intermediate or unknown cytogenetic risk post C1, the Me OS was not reached in MRDneg versus 17.5 months (CI95% 9.3-25.7) in MRDpos, p=0.007. In addition, a median RFS of 20.4 months (CI95% 0.7-40.1) vs 7.4 (CI95% 3.9-10.9), p=0.003, among those with MRDneg and MRDpos, respectively. Summary/Conclusion: The assessment of MRD by MFC showed predictive power at the different moments of follow-up evaluated. It was more evident after consolidation, with statistically significant impact in OS and RFS. The post-consolidation MRD subanalysis in the group with IR or non-evaluable cytogenetics showed promising results. This real-practice data is consistent with those published recently. Post-C1 MRD could be a useful tool in clinical practice deciding the best post-induction strategy in intermediate-risk patients. A further detailed study is required to confirm our preliminary results.