Market Areas Research Articles

Assessment of waste collection and disposal methods in Akure markets

The management and disposal of market waste have become an issue of concern to various environmental stakeholders. The need for traders to develop positive attitudes has become imperative in view of the littering and unhealthy conditions of markets in recent years. The study investigates waste management in Akure markets with a view to providing insight into the disposal of waste in the selected areas. This study investigated waste management in Akure markets to gain insight into waste disposal practices. Systematic random sampling was adopted to administer a questionnaire to two traders in the market area while purposive sampling techniques were adopted to administer questionnaires to buyers found in the market areas. In total, two hundred and eighty-four questionnaires were administered to traders and buyers in the study areas. Findings indicate that biodegradable waste is the most generated waste in Akure markets. The waste disposal methods adopted by traders were also due to irregularities in the service of the agency concerned in waste management and the lack of storage bins. Unlawful waste disposal methods such as dumping, burning, and roadside disposal are prevalent in the study areas. To this effect, the study puts up probable measures to ensure prompt waste collection from the market by the appropriate agency and provision of disposal bins in the market areas. The management and disposal of market waste have become an issue of concern to various environmental stakeholders. The need for traders to develop positive attitudes has become imperative in view of the littering and unhealthy conditions of markets in recent years. The study investigates waste management in Akure markets with a view to providing insight into the disposal of waste in the selected areas. This study investigated waste management in Akure markets to gain insight into waste disposal practices. Systematic random sampling was adopted to administer a questionnaire to two traders in the market area while purposive sampling techniques were adopted to administer questionnaires to buyers found in the market areas. In total, two hundred and eighty-four questionnaires were administered to traders and buyers in the study areas. Findings indicate that biodegradable waste is the most generated waste in Akure markets. The waste disposal methods adopted by traders were also due to irregularities in the service of the agency concerned in waste management and the lack of storage bins. Unlawful waste disposal methods such as dumping, burning, and roadside disposal are prevalent in the study areas. To this effect, the study puts up probable measures to ensure prompt waste collection from the market by the appropriate agency and provision of disposal bins in the market areas.

The Physical Setting of Street Food on Jalan Darussalam, Lhokseumawe City.

The Spatial Configuration of Street Food on Jalan Darussalam, Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City: A Qualitative Study The street food corridor of Jalan Darussalam, located in Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City, is one of the main roads with a strategic role in the activities of the local community. This road serves as a hub for economic and social activities, featuring various businesses such as shops, stalls, and street food vendors lining its sides.The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the spatial physical setting of street food establishments in the urban space of Jalan Darussalam, Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City. Through field observations and interviews with street food vendors, consumers, and local residents, the study reveals that adequate infrastructure enhances the attractiveness of the street food area, increases vendors’ incomes, and supports food security and community welfare. This study employs a qualitative method with a behavior mapping approach. The findings highlight spatial variables such as location, distance, proximity, adjacency, and territoriality. Street food tends to concentrate in strategic locations with high accessibility, such as city centers, market areas, and major transportation routes. The spatial patterns, including the distance between vendors and their proximity to supporting facilities like terminals, offices, and residential areas, form a spatial network that contributes to economic and social activities. The adjacency of vendors creates clusters that serve as an added attraction for consumers. From a territorial perspective, street food connects various urban space functions but also has the potential to generate conflicts over space usage, particularly in densely populated areas.

A Study on Consumer Behaviour with Reference to Male Skincare Products

This study examined the changing purchasing behavior of male consumers in the cosmetics sector, which has been traditionally female-led. The men's use of skincare was a factor of increasing awareness, health/lifestyle change, and digital marketing. This paper discerned the influences of male consumer purchasing behavior of skincare, including other areas of online marketing, influencers, product formulation and demographic factors. The data generated by the 170 (male) survey respondents and analyzed using SPSS in the analysis of the data indicated that there was a strong effect on the purchasing behavior of males with regards to natural, chemical free product formulation and from the role of influencers. Males are also inclined toward e-commerce websites due to the convenience and transparency. The findings suggest to brands, invest the time and energy into branding based on clean ingredients, consider being more personal digitally, skin type specific products appeal, and put more weight on relationship with the consumer, as this will be paramount in the future.

GESTÃO EMPRESARIAL EM MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DE APICULTURA E MELIPONICULTURA DO VALE DO RIBEIRA-SP

The aim of this article was to diagnose and analyze the maturity of the business management of micro and small rural companies involved in beekeeping and meliponiculture in Vale do Ribeira-SP. The research had a quantitative-descriptive approach and was carried out by applying a questionnaire with 46 questions to 33 producers in the region. The questions covered aspects of business management and the beekeeping production chain, allowing an analysis of the level of professionalization in the sector. The results showed that sustainability is the most developed area among beekeepers, reflecting their commitment to environmental preservation. There was little maturity in the areas of financial management, strategic planning, marketing and innovation. Products are predominantly sold informally, and the lack of management tools has an impact on the sector's competitiveness and profitability. Despite this, the survey revealed potential for improvement, considering the educational level of the producers and their interest in training.

Screening of Fungi Isolated from Fruit Waste Dumpsite Soil in Ipata Market Area of Ilorin for Proteolytic and Lipolytic Abilities

The growing applications of enzymes in industries have necessitated the search for local protease and lipase producing strains of microorganisms’ to discover indigenous microbes with such activity. Soil from waste dumpsites has been identified as repository for microbial diversity with potential industrial importance and biotechnological applications. This study focused on isolating, identifying, and screening fungi from soil samples collected at fruit waste dump sites in Ipata Market Area of Ilorin, Kwara State, for their ability to produce protease and lipase enzymes. Soil samples were collected from two distinct locations within the dump site and fungi were isolated using pour plate method on PDA plates. The fungi were characterized and identified, and screened for protease and lipase activities using skimmed milk and phenol red agar plates incubated at 27 0C for 48 hours respectively. Hyphal growth and clear zones of hydrolysis around colonies were measured to indicate protease and lipase activities respectively. Five fungal species were identified as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp., and Penicillium sp from the two sites. Aspergillus flavus exhibited the highest lipase activity, with a significant clear zone of 83.69 mm, while Penicillium sp. showed the lowest lipase activity of 54.13 mm. For protease activity, Aspergillus niger recorded the highest hyphal growth diameter of 81.38 mm, whereas Mucor sp. displayed the least activity with hyphal growth diameter of 21.50 mm. The findings highlight the potential of local fungal strains isolated from fruit dumpsite in protease and lipase production, which could be leveraged on for industrial applications.

RANCANGAN SISTEM PENGERING IKAN BERBASIS IOT DENGAN PEMANAS ALTERNATIF

Fish drying is a technique in fish processing by reducing the water content in fish meat to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of the fish. Sunlight dependent, this process faces challenges in bad weather. This study develops a household scale IoT-based fish drying system with real-time temperature and humidity monitoring, utilizing incandescent and infrared lamps as alternative heat sources. It also evaluates the effectiveness of these heat sources in drying fish.The research was conducted in Balikpapan, focusing in Manggar Main Market area. The research methods included literature studies, observations, prototypes, and interviews with small business operators to select fish samples used in this study, namely tembang fish (Sardinella sp.) and scad (Decapterus spp.).The results show that infrared heaters reduce water content more effectively than incandescent lamp, which is around 66.7%, versus 57.1% for tembang fish and around 46.1% versus 38.4% for scad. The IoT-based monitoring system successfully displayed real time sensors measurement data on the website.The conclusion infrared heaters outperformed incandescent lamps in drying fish and the IoT-based monitoring system works effectively.

Estimation of the Household Debt-to-Income Ratios in Municipalities of Russia’s Sverdlovsk Oblast in 2021-2022 Based on the Cartographic Method

This article provides an assessment of the credit burden indicators of Russian households at the second level of administrative-territorial division (ATD) of the Russian Federation – at the level of municipalities. During the study, it was established that due to the lack of public statistics and a unified database on retail lending to citizens at the level below regional, it is not yet possible to conduct a correct analysis of this area of the credit market at the level of municipalities. Based on reports from three different credit bureaus (CBs), in the article we calculate one of the indicators of credit burden: the debt-to-income-ratio (DTI-Ratio) – which reflects how many income periods a household has to repay all its current debts before they mature. DTI-Ratio is calculated quarterly for the period 2021-2022 for the average household in each municipality of Russia’s Sverdlovsk Oblast. A statistical study of DTI-Ratio dynamics was conducted for the eight quarters of 2021 and 2022. DTI-Ratio values at key periods were plotted on several maps to visualize the study results. No significant fluctuations in the dynamics of the DTI-Ratio indicator were found in any municipality of Sverdlovsk Oblast. On the contrary, according to data from each credit bureau and based on data on average per capita income from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), a decrease in DTI-Ratio was observed in most of Sverdlovsk Oblast’s municipalities. An increase in DTI-Ratio values was observed only in two municipalities in the oblast. Key events in 2021-2022 have not significantly changed the dynamics of the DTI-Ratio. Additionally, a correlation analysis was performed of the relationship between quarterly and average annual DTI-Ratio values with data from DOM.RF on the rate of housing construction under shared construction agreement (SCA). A strong correlation between the data from DOM.RF and the data from reports from all three credit bureaus was found only in the Yekaterinburg urban district. At the same time, the DTI-Ratio values in this district as per the reports of the three credit bureaus remained in the same range (1-6 points) during the studied period. The development of primary housing construction and the growth of the households’ credit portfolio in Yekaterinburg did not cause an increase in DTI-Ratio values during the studied period; the debt burden of households in Yekaterinburg remained at the same level.

Analisa Kinerja Ruas Jalan Inspektur Yazid Kabupaten Lahat

Inspector Yazid Road is one of the important routes often used by vehicles in Lahat District, Lahat Regency. Especially in the lower market area of Lahat, various problems often arise in traffic conditions. Activities in the market have a major impact on the increasing number of daily activities and are one of the main factors causing high traffic volumes. Various side obstacles also worsen the performance of the road section. Referring to the problems that have been mentioned, the author tried to conduct a study to assess and analyze the performance of the Inspector Yazid road section using the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines (PKJI). The data collected included road geometry, vehicle flow, side obstacles, and population in Lahat Regency. The data was then analyzed based on the 2023 Indonesian Road Capacity Guidelines. The results of the study showed that peak times occurred on Monday to Friday between 16.00 and 17.00 WIB, with a vehicle volume reaching 1537 smp/hour, side obstacles 1122 kej/hour, and a capacity of 1837 smp/hour. The free flow speed was recorded at 49.92 km/h, travel speed at 13.64 km/h, and the degree of saturation at 0.84, which indicates that traffic on Jalan Inspector Yazid is in an unstable condition and is almost approaching the maximum capacity limit.

Unveiling Heavy Metal Distribution in Different Agricultural Soils and Associated Health Risks Among Farming Communities of Bangladesh

Heavy metal pollution is a growing public health concern owing to rising environmental pollution throughout the world. The situation is more vulnerable in Bangladesh; therefore, this study assessed contamination levels in different land use categories such as rural, local market, industrial, research, and coastal areas, as well as the related health risks for farmers in Bangladesh. A total of 45 soil samples were considered from three depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–15 cm) across five different areas, with three replications per depth, following the monsoon season. Samples were prepared using a diacid mixture, and heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb) were investigated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Health risks were evaluated using standard assessment models. The results showed that coastal agricultural soils had the highest heavy metal concentrations (except Pb), while rural areas had the lowest (except Cu and Ni), with no clear depth-based pattern. Two contamination sources were identified: component 1 (Cu, Ni, Mn, Cr, Zn) and component 2 (Pb, Zn), indicating mixed and anthropogenic sources, respectively. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) was highest in coastal areas and lowest in rural areas. The average daily intake of metals followed the order of inhalation > dermal > ingestion, with inhalation being the primary exposure route. The highest cumulative cancer risk (CCR) was observed in coastal agricultural soils (5.82 × 10−9), while rural soils had the lowest CCR (8.24 × 10−10), highlighting significant regional differences in health risks.

Local labor market frictions and platform‐based entrepreneurship

Abstract Research SummaryBuilding on prior research about the heterogeneous impact of labor shocks on individuals' propensity to start businesses, we explore how local labor market frictions affect individuals' selection into platform‐based entrepreneurship. Combining detailed data from a large online retail platform with sectoral employment statistics across labor market areas in the United States, we show that entrepreneurs entering the platform during larger local employment declines in related sectors developed more effective customer strategies and maintained stronger sales performance. These entrepreneurs focused more on customer appeal, matched social media channels with the platform's predominant user base, and lowered prices over time.Managerial SummaryThis article examines how local labor market frictions in sectors relevant to a digital platform shape the heterogeneous entry of individuals into platform‐based entrepreneurship—a class of entrepreneurship that became popular with “creator economy” business models where individuals rely on digital infrastructures to access potential customers and monetize their creative labor. We find that entrepreneurs who started platform‐based businesses in deteriorating local employment conditions generated significantly higher sales by being more attuned to customers' needs and wants. We show that these entrepreneurs emphasized customer‐related activities, chose more effective social media channels, and set lower prices after operating for a few periods. Our findings highlight the importance of customer‐related competitive advantages in platform‐based entrepreneurship.

Deskripsi Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja (PT NI, Area Marketing Jawa Barat)

This study aims to obtain an overview of the influence of job satisfaction on performance, and whether the relationship between job satisfaction and performance is strengthened by work motivation. The focus of the study on PT N I, especially the West Java marketing area, has employees with good performance, the management believes that employees are satisfied with their jobs. The performance, job satisfaction, and motivation variables are obtained based on research by Margareth Y.L. The performance variable as the dependent variable and the job satisfaction variable as the independent variable. The collection of levels of satisfaction, motivation and performance was carried out by distributing questionnaires to all employees in the West Java Marketing area as many as 25 people, and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted with the management. The results of data processing showed a correlation coefficient of 0.873 indicating a very strong relationship between job satisfaction and performance which is influenced by work motivation. The determination coefficient value in the first regression was 23.43%, while after the second regression equation the determination coefficient value increased to 76.21%, which means that work motivation strengthens the relationship between the influence of job satisfaction on performance. Even though the results of the correlation and determination coefficients are high, the results of the F test and t test showed no significant influence between job satisfaction and performance either with or without intervening variables. These results can show that there is a relationship between satisfaction, motivation and performance, but the influence of satisfaction on performance is not significant, therefore, to improve performance, it does not mean having to improve job satisfaction.

Linguistik Lanskap di Malioboro: Unsur Bahasa pada Papan Nama Ruang Publik di Daerah Pariwisata dalam Zona Otorita Badan Pelaksana Otoritas Borobudur (BPOB)

This research examines the linguistic landscape at the Malioboro road area, which is one of the areas in the Otorita Zone by the Borobudur Authority Implementing Agency (BPOB). This research uses a qualitative descriptive research method. A qualitative research approach was used, because this research describes and understands language phenomena in the form of linguistic landscape (LL) including language dominance and the function of LL in the Malioboro area. The data results found 58 data consisting of 19 data dominated by foreign language elements, 28 Indonesian language elements and 11 Javanese regional language elements. Of the three elements of language dominance, LL language in the form of bilingual language appears to be the most dominant, especially using elements of Indonesian and foreign language. There are fewer regional language elements because the Malioboro area's market share is focused on foreign tourists.

Marketing and sales strategy for seaweed in Watowara Village Titehena District East Flores Regency

Abstract Erratic rainfall patterns and unpredictable hurricanes result in accelerated sea level rise due to climate change that adversely impacts agriculture, fisheries and related activities. Perceptions of climate change have an indirect impact on diversifying farmers’ livelihoods and one of the commodities developed by farmers in East Flores Regency is seaweed. The aim of this research is to formulate a marketing and sales strategy for seaweed in Watowara Village, Titehena District, East Flores Regency. Data was collected from interviews with 2 farmer groups, field observations and relevant literature. The analysis used is NVivo 15 and SWOT. The results of the concept map in Nvivo show that marketing is carried out by three parties, namely individuals, companies and NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) for wet and dry seaweed products. Strategy formulation begins with the stage of collecting basic input for strategy formulation, namely identification and analysis of the company’s internal and external environmental factors. The next stage is to match and combine internal and external factors. The recommended strategy is to establish relationships with the government to carry out product licensing, the second strategy is to create product development using technology and coordinate with related parties to carry out BPOM RI licensing and halal labels, the third strategy is to establish cooperative relationships and government support in expanding marketing areas, the fourth strategy is to increase production volume or inventory by using technology.

Digital Transformation and Employment Patterns among Manufacturing and Service Enterprises in China: A Model Analysis

This study examines the relationship between digital transformation and employment patterns among 364 manufacturing and service enterprises in Guangdong Province, China. Using correlation and regression analyses, the research reveals that digital transformation significantly affects employment opportunities and structure in manufacturing firms, particularly in the areas of marketing and sales and partner relationships. However, its influence on service enterprises is confined to employment structure, with minimal impact on turnover rates in both sectors. Notably, digital transformation in partner relationships emerged as the strongest predictor of an upskilled workforce in both enterprise types. These findings highlight the nuanced labor market implications of digitalization and suggest that sector-specific strategies and government support are vital to maximizing the benefits of digital transformation while mitigating employment risks.

Administrative acts in the sphere of functioning of the natural gas market of Ukraine: problems of legislative regulation

The article is devoted to the issues of legislative regulation of administrative acts in the field of ensuring the functioning of the natural gas market. The author highlights the significant importance of the Law of Ukraine “On Administrative Procedure” dated February 17, 2022, for the implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of December 7, 2000, and European “soft law” acts in the field of good administration in Ukraine, including in the area of the natural gas market. It is emphasized that administrative acts in this sphere share both general features typical of all administrative acts and specific ones. These specific features include their focus on public administration in the area of ensuring the functioning of the natural gas market; the administrative bodies involved are the National Energy and Utilities Regulatory Commission, the State Energy Supervision Inspectorate of Ukraine, and others; applicants or other recipients of such administrative acts include the gas transmission system operator and other market participants as defined by law. Administrative acts in the field of the natural gas market operation can be classified as follows: 1) facilitative (positive) – acts aimed at ensuring the rights of business entities or other persons provided for by law in the sphere of the natural gas market operation; 2) burdensome (negative) – acts that impose certain obligations on business entities or other persons provided for by law. The adoption of the Law on Administrative Procedure has positively influenced the improvement of the procedure for issuing administrative acts in this field. Among other things, it has provided for: the Europeanization of the principles governing interaction between administrative bodies performing tasks and functions in the natural gas market and private individuals; improvement of the procedure for issuing administrative acts related to the provision of administrative services in this area; enhancement of the legal status of participants in administrative procedures within the natural gas market; modernization of the inspection (supervisory and control) procedure in this sphere, and more.

Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Newly Formed Municipal Corporation Town, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

Water is an essential element of life and play vital role in the evolution of civilization. But in present centaury contamination of water leads to serious threats to the life present on mother earth. Availability of quality drinking water reduced day by day and it impose severe effects on the health of human being. Present investigation has been carried to assess the physical and chemical property and water quality index (WQI) of drinking water supplied in the municipal corporation area of Palampur, situated in district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. Seven sampling sites had been selected from the market area of Palampur for the study of 10 parameters i.e. pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity, total hardness, Free CO2, iron, calcium, Magnesium and Nitrate for a period of six months. This study revealed that all the parameters were within the permissible limits as prescribed by BIS (2012). The water quality indexes of this region in all 7 sites were ranged between 7.067113 and 17.32488. Further study related to WQI revealed that the water supplied in this area by IPH department had been excellent quality in term of WQI and safe for drinking purpose.

Building geodemographic regions: commuting, productivity and uneven spatial development in England and Wales

ABSTRACT We develop and apply a novel geodemographic classification of commuting flows to delineate 486 functional labour market areas (LMAs) across six commuter groups in England and Wales. Framed by the north–south divide, we then use settlement scaling to examine how economic and infrastructural agglomeration influence productivity, using the geodemographic LMAs as our base units. We find that disparities in mobility and infrastructure contribute to spatial productivity differences, with poorer intra-city connectivity in northern regions. Even among LMAs with similar commuter profiles, productivity diverges across the divide, highlighting how economic and infrastructural inequalities reinforce commuting interactions and regional productivity gaps.

Pendampingan Digital Marketing pada Usaha Pengelolaan Limbah Fashion di BUMDesa Berkaho Desa Pungpungan Kecamatan Kalitidu

The issue of textile waste and second-hand clothing has become a global concern, also affecting Indonesia, including its rural areas. Pungpungan Village, through its Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesAberkaho), has taken an innovative step by transforming fashion waste into economically valuable handicrafts such as bags and doormats. Although this initiative creates opportunities for community empowerment—particularly for housewives and youth—significant challenges remain in the area of marketing. Limited branding strategies and low digital literacy have prevented these upcycled products from gaining wider recognition, with sales still confined to local markets. This community engagement program aims to provide digital marketing assistance to entrepreneurs under BUMDesAberkaho. The focus of the activities includes training on storytelling-based branding, the creation of engaging visual content, the optimization of social media and online marketplaces, and the development of digital collaboration strategies with local communities and influencers. A participatory and educational approach is applied to ensure that participants can directly implement the knowledge in their businesses. Through this mentoring, it is expected that the upcycled handicraft products from Pungpungan Village can compete in broader digital markets and support a village-based circular economy

Peran Hukum Admnistrasi Negara Dalam Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima: Studi Kasus Di Kawasan Pasar Bambu Kuning Bandar Lampung

The regulation of street vendors (PKL) in the Bambu Kuning Market area of Bandar Lampung presents multidimensional challenges related to legal, social, and spatial planning aspects. This study aims to analyze the role of administrative law in the regulation process using a normative-empirical approach and case study method. The findings indicate that the implementation of PKL management policies remains weak in terms of legality, transparency, accountability, and public participation. The local government tends to adopt a repressive approach without valid administrative documentation and minimal involvement of PKL in policy formulation. Violations of key principles of administrative law, such as the principles of legality and proportionality, further exacerbate legal uncertainty and social inequality. This study recommends the reformulation of inclusive and responsive policies through the establishment of consultative forums and capacity-building for government officials in applying good governance principles and protecting citizens' rights in public space management

Non-Ferrous Metals Market – a Bibliometric Analysis

Theoretical background: Non-ferrous metals are important in many areas of the economy, and their prices are sensitive to crisis situations such as wars and regional conflicts, as well as changes in the political situation. Demand for non-ferrous metals is constantly growing, because with increasing wealth, technical and technological progress, both the demand from existing uses of these metals and this related to their new applications are increasing. The role of non-ferrous metals is due to their diverse applications. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to identify the current scientific achievements on the market of non-ferrous metals and investments in non-ferrous metals. This will allow to systematize knowledge about the non-ferrous metals market and indicate the current state of knowledge in this area. Research methods: Bibliometric analysis was used in the article. A critical review of the world literature on the market and investments in non-ferrous metals has been conducted. The PRISMA technique was used in the study. The study was conducted on the basis of literature published between 2000 and 2023 and available in the Scopus. Main findings: Issues related to the non-ferrous metals market and investments in them are considered in the world literature. The popularity of this subject has been increasing in recent years. The publications used mainly forecasting methods, descriptive statistics, Granger's causality issues and GARCH models. Among researchers dealing with the subject of the non-ferrous metals market and investments in these metals, there are few authors from Central and Eastern Europe, including Poland. This translates into a small number of publications and citations from scientists in the region. As a result, the specificity of the non-ferrous metals market and investments in non-ferrous metals in Poland and other Central and Eastern European countries is not examined. Therefore, it is not known how changes in this market affect the economic situation of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. In addition, the properties of non-ferrous metals are analysed primarily taking into account the properties of crude oil. The conclusions contained in the article will be useful primarily to scientists. Thanks to the critical literature review, they will be able to get acquainted with the current state of knowledge in the area of the non-ferrous metals market, and on this basis assess the current state of knowledge in this area and plan further research directions. In subsequent studies, it is worth conducting a bibliometric analysis of the literature available in databases other than Scopus and non-English language positions. It will be valuable to compare the results obtained using keywords and restrictions set during the conducted research with the results obtained using other, close-meaning keywords.