Intracortical microstimulation induces rapid microglia process convergence.

Therapeutic management of inflammatory heart diseases.

The rapid development of digital technologies and the emergence of the digital economy have significantly transformed managerial decision-making processes. Digitalization affects all areas of enterprise activity, including data collection, processing, and analysis, which directly influences the speed, quality, and effectiveness of managerial decisions. Modern managers increasingly rely on digital tools, analytical platforms, decision support systems, artificial intelligence (AI), and large datasets, enabling more informed, timely, and flexible decision-making. These capabilities are essential for maintaining competitiveness in dynamic and uncertain business environments. This article analyzes the transformational features of managerial decision-making under digitalization, emphasizing theoretical foundations and practical applications. Effective managerial decisions are determined not only by their formulation but also by successful implementation, which ensures achievement of both strategic and operational objectives. Key contemporary aspects include digitalization and automation, real-time data-driven analysis, scenario modeling, AI integration, flexibility, and adaptability. These features enhance optimization, responsiveness, and overall managerial efficiency, particularly in enterprises such as bakeries, where production, financial, marketing, and personnel management must respond to fluctuating markets, regulatory changes, and consumer expectations.The classification of managerial decisions is considered with respect to management levels, problem complexity, personnel involvement, functional orientation, and decision-making conditions. Digital technologies facilitate process automation, data integration, collective decision-making, and transparency, enabling managers to make well-grounded, efficient, and adaptive choices. The study demonstrates that incorporating digital tools and AI in decision-making improves performance, strengthens competitiveness, and supports sustainable development of modern enterprises.

ABSTRACT This study examines a Mesolithic quartz assemblage from Böksjötorp, Kolmården, Sweden, and evaluates the potential of an experimentally developed hybrid use-wear approach for extracting archaeological insights from a limited lithic dataset. The study integrates high-powered use-wear analysis, metric striation analysis, spatial intra-site distribution, and Minimal Analytical Nodule Analysis (MANA) to reconstruct site activities and assess tool use patterns. A majority of utilized edges (84.62%) aligned with experimentally established damage groups, while a subset (15.38%) deviated, suggesting that factors beyond material properties, such as transitional wear states and post-depositional alterations, may influence wear formation. The spatial distribution of utilized artifacts indicates distinct activity areas, with one cluster reflecting a specialized field camp for hide processing while another represents short-term, opportunistic raw material exploitation. By demonstrating the applicability of a structured and replicable use-wear analysis for quartz artifacts, this research contributes to methodological advancements in lithic analysis.

The article presents an endeavour to distinguish, describe, and research a new class of economic effects, manifistating as deterioration of public and private welfare resulting from arising additional alternatives for rationally behaving economic actors. Due to existence of analogies in natural sciences and a patented invention based on a similar physical effect it is suggested to name this effect after its discoverer — Nikola Tesla. Particular cases of manifestation were reflected in economics and related sciences (Braess paradox, Downs—Thomson paradox, Dutch disease, etc.), however, globalization processes and erosion of supranational regulation provide for proliferation of this category in the foreseeable future. The significance and scale of energetics as a key area of economic activity turns it into an interesting research object in terms of Tesla effect prospects. Despite attempts of many nations to decrease energy dependence on external supplies, mineral fuels are still dominant goods being traded worldwide; while boosting alternative energy can cause unforeseeable outcomes. At a current stage of global economy and energetics development a number of countries have faced a variety of new challenges and opportunities. Although some alternatives and ways of developing national energy system seem to be attractive, some of them can cause Tesla effect on a global scale.

ABSTRACT As the climate crisis worsens, climate change education (CCE) in schools faces growing pressure to become more rigorous, justice-oriented and holistic. Simultaneously, students and youth are increasingly involved in climate litigation, bringing suits against governments and corporations to compel enhanced mitigation and adaptation efforts. Recognising these parallel developments, this article explores the potential contributions of climate litigation to CCE in schools. To demonstrate such contributions, we apply Hargis and McKenzie’s CCE learning dimensions framework from 2020 to three case studies of youth-led climate litigation: Mathur v Ontario, Sharma & Others v Minister for the Environment and Students for Climate Solutions Inc v Minister of Energy and Resources. We then discuss the interactions between climate litigation and CCE more broadly, highlighting the pedagogical benefits and issues associated with incorporating climate litigation into CCE. Finally, to support effective use of climate litigation in CCE in the classroom, we propose a ‘mock trial’ activity and outline areas for future research.

Discharge follow-up refers to the method of observation and treatment of patients treated in the hospital after discharge, in which medical workers continue to pay attention to the changes of patients’ condition and rehabilitation, and continue to guide patients’ rehabilitation. Encourage the continuous improvement of hospital service quality and patient satisfaction. An optimized design scheme for an intelligent patient tracking system based on the Internet of Things and sensor technology has been proposed. The Kalman filtering algorithm in sensor technology is applied to improve the patient tracking problem of the IoT intelligent tracking system constructed in this paper, thereby expanding the scope and accuracy of the system. Finally, the simulation test and analysis are carried out. The simulation results show that, in the simulated follow-up scenarios for neurology patients (including home rehabilitation environments and multi-target intersection scenes similar to community activity areas), the algorithm is 10.22% more accurate than the traditional algorithm.The simulation results show that the algorithm is 10.22% more accurate than the traditional algorithm. The results show that the intelligent follow-up system is reasonable and practical, and basically meets the requirements of the follow-up management of specialized cases in the Neurology Department of our hospital. The development and research of intelligent follow-up technology for neurology patients based on sensor technology has important practical significance for guiding the follow-up rehabilitation treatment of neurology diseases and patients.

The author identifies the specifics of archive volunteerism in the Russian Federation. They reveal and explain including the existing problems in relations between archives and volunteers have been caused by both the lack of a regulatory framework for archive volunteerism and the specifics of the work of archive institutions; the article outlines possible ways to solve them. The author analyzes the current state of archive volunteerism in the Russian Federation based on the results of a survey of federal and state archives of the Russian Federation subjects, municipal archives, as well as the regulatory legal framework for this area of volunteerism. They give an analysis of the attitude of archives at three levels to the use of volunteer labor in the work of archival institutions. They identified the main areas of activity of archival institutions, which already involve volunteers, and the number of volunteers that archives need to work offline and then online using crowdsourcing IT platforms. The author explains why these particular areas of activity require the involvement of volunteers. There are considered reasons hindering the development of archive volunteerism and they outlined the ways to solve a number of identified problems and possible prospects for interaction between archives and volunteers. The author comes to the conclusion that the implementation of interrelated activities within the framework of a single concept for maintaining archive volunteerism will help bring this area of volunteerism to a level where it can provide real assistance to archives and become attractive to volunteers.

This scientific article examines the main areas of activity of the Councils of People's Deputies and issues of activity based on mutual cooperation of civil society institutions from a constitutional and legal perspective. Based on the results of our research, information was provided on the role of the legal status of the Councils of People's Deputies as a local body, the essence of civil society institutions in state governance and the constitutional principles regulating their mutual relations. The main aspect of the research that caused the discussion is that it provides basic information on the development of legal forms of cooperation with civil society institutions, the improvement of practical mechanisms of constitutional and legal cooperation and their status in democratic governance. Based on the results and analysis, scientific conclusions are drawn on the basis of the fact that effective cooperation of representative bodies and civil society institutions is a constitutionally important factor, and on the basis of this, scientific conclusions are drawn on the improvement of this area.

Abstract The dryland farming culture embodied in the Yangshao culture (5000–7000 B.P.) is a precious agricultural cultural heritage that profoundly influenced the development of Chinese civilization. Currently, the study of primitive agricultural cultures in the northern region is relatively limited. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the documentation and research on relevant farming techniques and heritage, which can serve as a basis for preparing the Declaration of Agricultural Cultural Heritage in China and even worldwide. In this study, soil profile field surveys, basic physicochemical analysis, and soil micromorphological analysis were conducted to extract ancient cultivation information from multiple cultural layers at the Yangshao Village site, aiming to understand the characteristics of agricultural culture during that period (5000–7000 B.P.). The results of the study revealed that the cultural layers were mostly gray‐brown in color and contained pottery shards, bones, and charcoal, with high total nitrogen content and the highest content of total phosphorus and calcium carbonate. The soil formation materials and aggregates in the cultural layers exhibited diversification, and microstructural observations revealed iron minerals and black charcoal formed by fire, crystals, aggregates, fecal pellets formed by fertilization and irrigation, and artificial disturbance traces formed by soil cultivation. Through the research, it was found that there was a good correlation between macroscopic observations, basic physicochemical analysis, and micromorphological analysis of soil samples, enabling the classification of ancient cultivation activity areas into high and low probability categories. By reconstructing the ancient landforms, it was discovered that ancient humans began their activities, particularly cultivation activities, in low‐lying areas, which promoted the formation of a sponge‐like microstructure in the soil. Overall, the macroscopic characteristics and basic physicochemical properties of the soils corroborate the micromorphological observations, suggesting that the soils in the region are associated with ancient human fire use and farming activities.

Introduction. The article provides an overview of contemporary theoretical approaches and practices of moral education in Russian universities, as well as an analysis of key directions in the transformation of students’ life tasks during their period of pursuing a degree. An insufficient exploration of the question becomes apparent: namely, to what extent the existing forms and content of moral education work manage to adapt to the changing needs of students from enrollment to graduation, which creates a risk of diminishing its relevance and effectiveness. The problem of the article consists in the contradiction between the declared, in education theory, student-centered nature of the moral educational process and the actual detachment of this activity from the students’ perspectives, whose needs and demands have significantly changed. This contradiction complicates the construction of a scientifically grounded model of moral education within a university that could flexibly transform in accordance with the key life tasks of students at different stages of their education. The aim of the research is to identify the degree of correspondence between the content and formats of moral educational activities within the university and changing demands and needs of students from enrollment to graduation. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a research-constructive approach and the concept of the life path. At the first stage, qualitative research was conducted using the focus group method (n=19) and in-depth interviews. At the second stage, a questionnaire survey was carried out (n=173 students in years 3-5 of bachelor’s and master’s programs at Kostroma State University), which included a retrospective assessment of attitudes towards extracurricular activities in the junior years and a current assessment for the senior years. Content analysis and statistical methods (Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher’s angular transformation) were used for data processing. Results. The authors established that interest in moral educational activities significantly decreases from junior to senior years (42,8% of respondents noted a loss of interest). Students’ life tasks transform: in the first year, adaptation to the university and academic performance dominate, while in the final years, the focus shifts to striving for financial independence, starting a professional career, and getting married. At the same time, content preferences for areas of extracurricular activities (cultural, educational, sports) do not change significantly in a statistical sense; however, reliable differences were identified in the attractive characteristics and formats of activities. For junior students, expanding their social circle and mass events are important, while senior students value opportunities for professional growth and prefer joint socially significant activities in interdisciplinary teams. Conclusions. The authors conclude that there is a significant dynamics in students’ life tasks, which is not accompanied by an adequate transformation of the content and formats of moral educational activities at the university. This leads to a decrease in interest among senior students, who perceive the offered forms as irrelevant to their current needs. The obtained results indicate the necessity of improving moral educational work, taking into account the stages of students’ life paths, to increase its effectiveness and personalization.

The article substantiates the organization of accounting in joint ventures with the participation of foreign investors, its organizational structure, organization of the charter, determination of areas of activity, organization as a joint-stock company, accounting based on international standards, as well as the placement of financial statements on their websites

The article examines the specifics of the «new generation polytrauma», which necessitates an integrative approach in the rehabilitation of participants in the special military operation. The principles and features of the rehabilitation of participants in the special military operation are revealed. The rationale for the significance of the prehospital stage of evacuating the wounded and the key role of the nurse in it is presented. The areas of activity of the nurse at the prehospital stage of evacuating the wounded are outlined separately. The necessity of special training and advanced training courses for nurses, as well as the synthesis of medical and psychological competencies among specialists in this field, is emphasized.

Abstract The eastern box turtle ( Terrapene carolina carolina ) is a long-lived terrestrial turtle species distributed throughout the eastern United States that has experienced widespread population decline. Many eastern box turtle populations are persisting as remanent populations in small, fragmented urban green spaces. We investigated the movement and resource selection of eastern box turtles within a mid-Atlantic region urban forest in the eastern United States. We used a combination of turtle occurrence data (via visual encounter surveys) and radio telemetry to create resource selection functions. Additionally, we applied a simulation modeling approach and modeled activity areas via dynamic Brownian Bridge Movement Models to quantify interactions between turtles and roads or trails. We also used these models to determine the propensity for turtles to move outside of the managed urban forest boundary and into surrounding development. We observed that turtles selected for deciduous forest patches and avoided roads and trails despite the urban forest having very little available areas where anthropogenic features could be avoided. We also demonstrated observed (and probable) movements outside of the urban forest boundary. Although eastern box turtles are persisting within the urban green space we examined, our work determined that interactions with roads and trails, and movements outside of protected boundaries into developed areas present challenges to individuals navigating the urban forest.

The article substantiates the role of the HR brand as a tool for strategic personnel management of the enterprise. The focus of the HR brand of the enterprise on increasing the level of staff satisfaction using the system of factors of quality of working life is argued. The purpose of the article is the theoretical and methodological justification of the formation of the HR brand of the enterprise in the system of factors of quality of working life using the example of LLC "LITMA". The results of the study of the satisfaction of employees of the enterprise with factors of quality of working life using the example of LLC "LITMA" are presented. The priority of the analyzed factors in terms of personnel categories, the peculiarities of perception by women and men of the enterprise is established. A SWOT analysis of the activities of HR marketing at LLC "LITMA" was carried out, which allowed to diagnose existing problems in personnel management, assess internal resources and the external environment. As a result of the study, staff turnover at the enterprise was revealed. The dynamics of the average number of employees and the payroll in recent years was analyzed. The possibility of obtaining benefits for employees and employers in the formation of a positive HR brand of the enterprise is substantiated. It is proven that the economic benefits of increasing staff satisfaction should stimulate the employer to implement measures to improve working conditions and improve the quality of working life. Recommendations are offered on the areas of HR marketing implementation at the enterprise, which will improve the quality of working life indicators, increase the level of job satisfaction and increase the motivation of staff to work. It is schematically shown that staff satisfaction is one of the most important factors in the formation of the HR brand of the enterprise, increasing labor productivity and improving the quality of products. The need to focus modern personnel policy on those areas of activity that will increase the quality of working life and staff satisfaction, which will positively affect staff loyalty and the formation of a sustainable HR brand of the enterprise, is argued.

The research aims to substantiate the expediency of organizing extracurricular processes within a university corporate museum to foster students’ project competence. The authors examine the concept of “project competence” and identify its developmental characteristics in accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The scientific novelty of the work lies in identifying the influence of the university’s extracurricular environment – represented by a corporate museum – on the formation of students’ project competence. As a result of the research, the following areas of project activity based on the university corporate museum were piloted and described: social volunteering (the “Open Museum: Inclusive Solutions for All” project), research activity (the “Heritage and Innovation: Mobile Exhibitions on History and Science” project), informational and educational outreach (the “Into the World of Professions: Interactive Career Guidance Programs” project), and professionally oriented activity (the “University of the Future” project).

Parasites with complex life cycles produce large numbers of free-living infectious stages to overcome the low odds of successful transmission between hosts. These stages often infect non-competent or 'dead-end' hosts, which cannot support parasite development or transmission. While typically viewed as ecological cul-de-sacs, dead-end hosts may still experience meaningful effects from parasite exposure. Here, we examined how exposure to Paragordius varius hairworm larvae influences behaviour and development of Physella acuta, an invasive freshwater snail likely functioning as a dead-end host in this system. Using a dose-response design under controlled conditions, we exposed juvenile snails to increasing larval concentrations and tracked activity over 24 h in relation to water, total home range and core activity areas. Snails were then reared to assess impacts on shell development. Infection intensity scaled with larval dose. At the highest exposure, snails showed an almost one-third reduction in home range, spent substantially more time submerged and entered water less frequently but for longer durations. These shifts indicate reduced exploratory behaviour and altered water use, potentially limiting ecological flexibility. Although shell size and shape were unaffected, shell crush resistance increased markedly with dose, suggesting altered properties tied to behavioural or physiological responses. Our results show that parasites can impose sublethal yet ecologically significant costs on dead-end hosts. This challenges traditional views of dead-end hosts as passive endpoints and highlights their potential role in shaping host-parasite dynamics. For invasive species such as P. acuta, even non-transmissive infections may carry fitness and ecological consequences.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed social life, particularly in the areas of entertainment and economic activities. One phenomenon that has increasingly emerged alongside this development is the widespread practice of online gambling among young people. Online gambling offers easy access, anonymity, and the promise of instant financial gain, making it attractive to youths who are in a transitional phase of identity formation. However, involvement in online gambling often develops into addictive behavior that generates negative consequences not only for individuals but also for families and the broader social environment. This study aims to describe public perceptions of youth addicted to online gambling, identify factors contributing to such behavior, and analyze the resulting social impacts. This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using in-depth interviews with community leaders, parents, community members, and youths who were or had been involved in online gambling. The findings indicate that most community members perceive online gambling addiction as a deviant behavior that contradicts social and religious norms, although some still regard it as a private matter. Contributing factors include easy access to technology, peer influence, economic pressure, and weak family supervision. The social impacts include family conflict, decreased youth productivity, dishonest behavior, and declining participation in community activities. Therefore, collaborative efforts involving families, communities, educational institutions, and government policies are essential to prevent and address online gambling addiction among youths.

ABSTRACT Background Critical care pharmacists (CCPs) are recognized as essential members of the intensive care unit (ICU) multidisciplinary patient care team, yet still find it necessary to justify their presence. Therefore, it is important to understand which CCP activities provide the most value to patient outcomes to inform discussions about CCP practice and guide development of quality measures (QM) and key performance indicators (KPI). Methods We aimed to conduct a scoping review of studies that assessed the effect of CCP patient care activities on clinically relevant outcomes in an intensive care unit (ICU) to guide development of QM/KPI. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, Healthcare Administration Databases (via ProQuest), PubMed, and Web of Science from 1980 through October 1, 2025 were searched using the following search terms: “pharmacist,” “critical care,” “critically ill,” “intensive care units,” and “ICU.” Results The search strategy retrieved 5971 articles of which 71 studies were included. Most studies were single‐center evaluations, and the most common areas of CCP activity were antimicrobial stewardship (17 studies, 24%), sedation optimization (11 studies, 15%), pharmacotherapy management (10 studies, 14%), and medication safety (8 studies, 11%). The most common outcomes assessed were ICU length of stay (LOS) (55 studies, 77%), mortality (44 studies, 62%), hospital LOS (29 studies, 41%), duration of mechanical ventilation (20 studies, 28%), and medication errors (11 studies, 15%). Forty‐two studies (59%) showed a statistically significant difference in the outcomes assessed favoring the CCP activity. Multiple QM/KPI were derived from specific CCP activities performed in these studies. Conclusions Many studies documented improvements in clinically relevant outcomes because of the care provided by a CCP. QM/KPI derived from CCP activities performed in these studies may be useful in standardizing CCP practice and workflow and further establish CCP value.

Objective: to verify the principles of best aquaculture practices in cage fish farming to identify constraints to sustainable development and develop ways to reduce their effects Methods: comparative-a nalytical methods are used. The information basis for analysis was compiled from the responses of farmers to a questionnaire developed in accordance with principles of the best practices. Novelty : the assessment showed a high degree of compliance of various aspects of cage farming activities with the principles of the best aquaculture practices/ Results: The highest degree of compliance is established for areas that are strictly regulated, and this is facilitated by the control of executive and regulatory authorities. A slightly lower degree of compliance was identified in the groups of criteria related to the fish health and the farm management, which have less strict regulation, but reflect the responsibility of farmers for the safety and productivity of fish, the efficient work of personnel and the economic results of their activities. Areas of activity in the field of reducing environmental impact and interaction with the scientific and educational community were least consistent with the principles of the best aquaculture practices. This may be due to insufficiently developed regulatory framework and due to underestimation by farmers of the importance of these fields for the future. Despite the wide coverage of farms in the survey, relatively few farms responded to the questionnaires, and they also showed a high degree of compliance with the principles of best practices. Most farmers who did not respond to the questionnaire probably have certain difficulties in various fields of their work, which do not allow them to work effectively, to develop sustainably and openly answer the survey questions. Practical significance: This study is a step in the development of a set of guidelines for the best practices of aquaculture in Russia. The widespread use of this set of rules by farmers can be considered as a methodological basis for the sustainable development of aquaculture in our country.