Areas Of Activity Research Articles

Антипротестантська діяльність чорносотенців на Волині напередодні та під час Першої світової війни

The aim of the article is to study the key areas of anti-Protestant activity of the Black Hundreds in Volhyn region and their role in the aggravation of interethnic relations. The research methodology is based on the use of special historical (comparative-historical and chronological) and general scientific research methods (generalization, synthesis and analysis), which, in combination with the principles of historicism, polyfactoriality and objectivism, created the necessary conditions for objective analysis and coverage of the tasks set. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the author, based on materials from the Black Hundreds press, scientific works, and archival documents, investigated the anti-Protestant direction of the Volyn Black Hundreds, who, together with the clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church, contributed to the aggravation of interfaith and interethnic relations in the region. Conclusions. Based on an impartial analysis of archival documents, materials from the periodical press and scientific works, the key directions of the anti-Protestant activity of the Volyn Black Hundreds on the eve and during the First World War were investigated. It was found that at the beginning of the 20th century. in Volyn there was an increase in the number of Protestant communities at the expense of the local population. It was noted that the Protestant faith was brought to the region by German and Czech agrarian colonists. The German agrarian colonists who moved to Volyn were Protestants, but gradually the Protestant faith began to spread among the local population. After the start of its activities, the Black Hundreds Union of the Russian People launched an active and purposeful campaign aimed at discrediting Protestants. On the eve and especially during the First World War, pressure from the authorities and the Black Hundreds on Protestants intensified. Carrying out anti-Protestant activities, the allies regularly held missionary anti-Protestant courses for the zealots of the union and missionary priests in the Pochaiv Lavra. Information about the activities of the missionary priests was regularly published on the pages of the Black Hundreds press. This direction of activity of the allies contributed to an even greater aggravation of inter-confessional and inter-ethnic relations in Volhynia.

A fusion method of infrared and visible images based on visual salience difference

Most infrared and visible image fusion methods use indiscriminate feature extraction strategies, which ignore the differences between multiple source images, and it is difficult to remove the interference of redundant information, such as noise according to visual habits, which has a negative impact on the fusion results. This paper proposes a fusion method of infrared and visible images based on visual saliency differences. Firstly, to highlight the target and suppress the background noise in the salient map, a visual attention system that conforms to the image fusion task is designed to accurately extract the salient visual features of the source image. Secondly, a salient feature adaptive fusion strategy is proposed based on image content and feature correlation. A saliency map is constructed based on visual salient features. Finally, based on the saliency map fusion strategy, the infrared and visible images are combined, and the texture details of weak activity areas are moderately enhanced. Experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively preserve the saliency of infrared targets, and the fusion results have uniform brightness distribution, clear edge outlines, and better visual effects.

The capability of plant-bacterial consortia to reduce the genotoxicity of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine

Despite its proven high toxicity, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) continues to be used in rocket technology and some other areas of human activity. In this work, the ability of plant-bacterial consortia to reduce the genotoxicity of UDMH and its incomplete oxidation products was investigated. Genotoxicity was assessed using a specific lux-biosensor, Escherichia coli MG1655 pAlkA-lux, which emits stronger light when cellular DNA is alkylated. For microbiological biodegradation, the Bacillus subtilis KK1112 strain was isolated from the soil via a two-stage selection process for resistance to high UDMH concentrations exceeding 5000 MAC. This strain’s ability to biodegrade UDMH was demonstrated, as treatment of UDMH-polluted medium with KK1112 resulted in reduced DNA alkylation. A synergistic reduction in the DNA-alkylating potency of UDMH oxidation products was studied under the combined application of bacteria KK1112 and plant seedlings: Bromus inermis Leyss, Medicago varia Mart. and Phleum pratense L. The greatest effect was achieved when bacteria were used in combination with B. inermis. KK1112 cells accelerated seedling development and mitigated UDMH-induced growth inhibition. The findings suggest that the consortium of KK1112 and B. inermis has a great potential for remediation of UDMH-polluted soils in arid climatic zones.

Meadow Farming as an Integrated Institute of Agricultural and Ecological-Natural Resource Relations: Interaction of Legislation

The article analyzes the problems of legal support for meadow farming in the Russian Federation, which is assessed from two sides: firstly, from the side of agricultural legislation, and secondly, from the side of environmental legislation. The author substantiates the principles of legal support for natural vegetation growing in the meadows of Russia for basic and auxiliary agricultural activities. The necessity of different priorities of agricultural and environmental legislation in the first and second cases is emphasized. It also substantiates the need for further development of legislation on meadows in the direction of its detail in order to provide the necessary legal apparatus for the development of agricultural sciences on this issue. Legislation can be developed both at the federal and regional levels. The author also substantiates the definition of meadow farming by offering his own interpretation, as well as justifies the classification of relationships in meadow farming. From the perspective of agricultural and natural resource legislation, the author analyzes the system of land improvement for meadows, hayfields and pastures. From these positions, the author considers various methods of improving meadow lands: methods of low-cost improvement and methods of radical improvement of meadows. In conclusion, the author dwells on the state support of this area of agricultural activity.

Развитие деятельности органов внутренних дел по предупреждению правонарушений несовершеннолетних в России конца ХХ века

Currently, juvenile delinquency prevention is one of the areas of activity of Russia’s law enforcement system that require qualitative improvement. In this regard, it is necessary to turn to the multifaceted historical experience of various agencies that were involved in the educational and preventive work with children, adolescents and young men exhibiting deviant behaviour. The many years of law enforcement practice indicate that the bulk of the tasks in this area has been undertaken by the internal affairs bodies. This article, from the standpoint of modern historical science, studies certain aspects of the organization and implementation of operational activities of those services and divisions of the internal affairs bodies that were involved in the prevention of juvenile delinquency under specific historical circumstances, namely, during the establishment of the new Russian statehood. This period was characterized by a radical transformation of all spheres of society and highly dynamic economic, social and political processes, as well as by ideological, spiritual and moral uncertainty, growing crime rates in the country and, as a consequence, a significant increase in the level of illegal activity among the younger generation. The author applied the general scientific and general historical methods, which ensured that the results obtained are reliable, comprehensive and concrete. The use of diverse historical sources, both published and archival, allowed the author to draw well-founded conclusions about the place and role of Russia’s internal affairs bodies in the system of child neglect and juvenile delinquency prevention, as well as about the effect of the preventive measures implemented by the public security and criminal police units on the adolescents at risk of delinquency.

Impact of indoor building air microplastics on human living environment health: A biomechanical perspective

Introduction: Microplastics are plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter, mainly from synthetic textiles, home decoration materials, cleaning supplies and plastic products wear. These microplastics can enter the body through respiratory inhalation, skin contact or dietary ingestion, posing a potential threat to human health. Studies have found that inhaling microplastics can trigger respiratory inflammation, allergic reactions, and even chronic respiratory diseases (such as bronchitis and asthma). Microplastic particles can accumulate in the lungs, and long-term exposure can exacerbate respiratory diseases. In addition, microplastics may also enter other organs through the blood circulation, affecting the immune system and nervous system function. In the indoor environment, the release of microplastics is closely related to daily activities, with higher concentrations of microplastics in high-frequency activity areas (such as living rooms) and greater exposure risks. Therefore, the health effects of indoor microplastic pollution on long-term residents should not be ignored, and further research on its long-term health effects and measures to reduce exposure risks are needed. Objectives: To precisely determine the concentration levels of microplastics in indoor air and comprehensively assess their potential risks to human health, with a focus on how these microplastics interact with the biomechanical aspects of the human body. Methods: This study explores the impact of indoor building air microplastics on human environmental health and analyzes the human exposure risk of microplastic distribution in different regions. Results: The results showed that the microplastic content in the living room area was 241 ± 21 n/m3, with the highest content, while the kitchen had the lowest. In the assessment of human exposure risk, subjects had the highest daily and annual exposure levels in the living room, with some experiencing symptoms such as allergies and coughing, indicating moderate exposure risk. The daily average exposure of subjects P1 and P5 could reach 1364MPS/day and 1142MPS/day, with an average annual exposure of 1,124,000 and 1,214,000 particles, respectively. Microplastics in indoor air are mainly small particles of 20–100 microns, mainly in the form of fragments, and synthetic rubber and packaging plastics are the most common types. Health risk assessment shows that individuals exposed to high concentrations of microplastics for a long time are prone to allergies, mild cough and other problems, and exposure time is negatively correlated with health scores. Daily and annual exposure levels varied significantly by region, with the living room highest and the kitchen lowest. Conclusion: The study provides quantitative data on indoor exposure levels of microplastics and provides a scientific basis for assessing their health risks. The potential harm mechanism of microplastics to respiratory tract was revealed from the perspective of biomechanics, which filled the research gap. The seriousness of microplastic pollution in indoor environment was emphasized, which provided reference for formulating indoor environmental quality standards and health protection measures. To remind the public to pay attention to the problem of indoor microplastic pollution, especially in high-frequency activity areas, such as living rooms, measures should be taken to reduce the release and accumulation of microplastics.

THE GENESIS OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES TO INTERPRETING THE CONCEPTS OF «ENTREPRENEUR», «ENTREPRENEURSHIP», «BUSINESS»

Based on the works of world and domestic scientists, an analysis of the development of the theory of entrepreneurship was performed. During all this time, the transformation of the category of “entrepreneurship” took place in the history of economic thought. Nowadays, entrepreneurship, as a special way of human activity, is of interest as an object of research for almost all social sciences: history; sociology; economics (economic theory); cultural studies; law; psychology; conflictology and other sciences or their individual branches. Each of the scientists had his own opinion and assigned either priority or secondary importance to entrepreneurship. The contribution of scientists to the formation of the concepts of “entrepreneur”, “entrepreneurship”, “business” was studied. A theoretical analysis of the identified contribution was conducted. Today, there is no single formulation of the category of “entrepreneurship”, which is due to significant evolutionary changes and a fairly high degree of its dynamism; in Ukraine it is identified with the concept of “business”. Therefore, the question of their essence in modern conditions is relevant. The purpose of the article is to analyze, systematize and generalize, under the conditions of economic and social development, the concepts of “entrepreneur”, “entrepreneurship”, “business” and their definitions. The concepts of “entrepreneurship” and “business” are analyzed, the key differences between these concepts are considered and it is determined that they are not identical. Business is a broader concept, because it includes entrepreneurship, that is, if a business involves entrepreneurial initiative, which is accompanied by risky innovative activity, then in this regard it is entrepreneurship. In our opinion, entrepreneurship is a multifaceted activity that can be interpreted differently and manifested in different areas of economic activity, but the main thing in it is independence, initiative, systematic economic activity aimed at success, with the effective use of resources, the involvement of entrepreneurial initiative, which is accompanied by a risky innovative orientation, obtaining entrepreneurial income (surplus profits) and meeting the needs of society.

GOVERNMENT MECHANISMS FOR IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE

The article substantiates that the agricultural sector in Ukraine is a key element of the economy, which has significant potential for development and growth. The purpose of the article is to determine government mechanisms for sectoral European integration of the agricultural sector of Ukraine in the context of sustainable development for the formation of strategic directions of the industry. The methodological basis of the research is made up of general scientific and special methods of understanding economic phenomena and mechanisms of public administration in modern world and national economies (methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization, comparative analysis, etc.). Based on a comparative analysis of the production of individual agricultural products in Ukraine and the EU, it is proven that compared to the European experience, agriculture in Ukraine is less diversified. It was determined that one of the forms of implementing the European integration strategy in Ukraine is sectoral integration, which involves deepening cooperation between the EU and Ukraine in areas of government activity for the development of integration processes and gaining full membership in the EU. The results of the work of the Ukrainian government on the adaptation of national legislation to the EU regulatory framework (general and in areas of implementation of the Association Agreement) is investigated. Initiatives related to the greening of legislation within the framework of the Association Agreement have been identified (European Green Deal, European Hydrogen Strategy, Concept of Ukraine's “green” energy transition by 2050). Based on a study of the instruments for implementing the European integration of the agricultural sector in Ukraine and government support programs for the agricultural sector, the key tasks of the government have been identified for the implementation of government mechanisms for sectoral European integration of the agricultural sector of Ukraine, which will improve the productivity of the agricultural sector, increase the export of agricultural products, and also promote ecological production.

Comprehensive Ecosystem Service Changes and Their Drivers in the Middle Reaches of Jinsha River

Hydropower development is an important starting point for China to implement the dual carbon strategy in the energy field in the new era, and the influence mechanism of a large-scale hydropower development mode with ecological priority on watershed ecosystem service has become complicated. Therefore, exploing the ecosystem services change under the influence of hydropower development is highly important. As one of the frequent anthropogenic activity areas in southwest China, the investigation on the impact of hydropower development on ecosystem service is developing from single factor and single process to multi-factor comprehensive ecosystem service functions. This study conducted a multi-scale analysis in the middle reaches of Jinsha River, a hydropower development base in southwest China, to quantitatively evaluate the spatio-temporal characteristics of water yield, carbon storage, and habitat quality before （2000） and after （2020） hydropower development using the InVEST model； to assess the three ecosystem services based on a comprehensive ecosystems service index （CESI） from the perspective of balanced development； and to investigate the mechanism of CESI change under hydropower development. The results indicated that： ① At the watershed level, water yield showed a decreasing trend （by 18.22%）, whereas carbon storage （by 0.26%） and habitat quality （by 0.45%） showed a subtle increasing trend from 2000 to 2020. ② The three ecosystem services in the sub-watershed with different levels of hydropower development exhibited different changing characteristics： the three ecosystem services in sub-watersheds with higher levels of hydropower development decreased, whereas carbon storage and habitat quality in sub-watersheds without hydropower development increased. ③ The CESI showed a downward trend （by 8.13%）, and pinpointed regions of increasing CESI were in the up and down reaches of the regions, whereas those of decreasing CESI were in the middle reaches of the regions. The sustained hot spots of CESI were located near the left side of the upstream and downstream of the main stream, and the sustained cold spots were mainly distributed in sub-watershed 21 and 23. ④ The △CESI were comprehensively influenced by the climate, land use, landscape pattern, and socio-economic changes, with the change in annual precipitation and the PD of water being the key drivers of △CESI, and the contribution rates were 89.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Moreover, the gross domestic production （GDP） change was found to be positively associated with the △CESI. We proposed to improve the comprehensive function of ecosystem services by reducing interference with sustained hotspots, considering the continuous cold point area as a priority for hydropower development, maintaining intensive urban development, and cultivating more concentrated arable land. This study provides support for the hydropower development planning of ecosystems.

Statistics on Ensuring the Economic Security of the Public Sector of the Economy in the Context of Digital Transformation

In the modern world, information and communication technologies have become the driver of transformational processes taking place in all spheres of society, including the economy. This phenomenon is called digitalization. Simultaneously with the change in management tools and models, the security of the economic sphere is being transformed. It can be argued that digital reality represents a whole separate sphere of economic activity that requires streamlining and protection. Regulatory legal acts, including in the field of strategic planning, form the basis for organizing work to maintain and strengthen economic security in Russia. An economic security strategy is in place; a national program for building a digital economy has been approved and is being implemented. Each of these documents contains its own performance indicators. At the same time, to assess the state of the economic sphere in the context of digital transformation, it is necessary to consider these indicators in synergy, which determines the relevance of the study. In this article, the author examines the results of ensuring the economic security of the digital economy based on the analysis of official statistics data, compares performance indicators in various areas of activity, and considers conclusions based on the results of state control and audit activities for the success of the practical implementation of program documents. This study evaluates the representativeness of the established statistical indicators from the point of view of their objective and comprehensive reflection of the nature, degree, and results of the impact of various factors on economic security in the context of digitalization, as well as provides some recommendations for changes and optimization.

Pedagogy and architecture in educational spaces

The projects selected in this review aim to illustrate the relationship between pedagogy and architecture in contemporary experiences across the Alpine territory. The buildings, located in France, Switzerland, Austria, and Italy, showcase an evolving relationship between traditional learning spaces and hybrid, multifunctional environments interconnected with the outdoors. This integration fosters innovative forms of experiential and social education, transforming pathways and common areas into places for intergenerational interaction and exchange. Study rooms are designed to be dynamic and adaptable, maintaining strong visual and physical connections with other spaces within buildings. Additionally, contemporary experimentation extends to active learning and physical activity areas, emphasising both their incorporation into unified architectural designs and their thoughtful addition to pre-existing structures.

Between Policy-oriented Criticism and Structural Opposition — Civil Society Advocacy in the Age of Populism

Abstract The paper aims to understand how established civil society organizations (CSOs) react to populist governance and what factors influence the strategies adopted. Populist governance is often characterized by avoidance of intermediary institutions, such as CSOs, and repression/obstruction of oppositional civil society, which might challenge the position of established CSOs. The paper focuses on how established CSOs in Italy and Sweden have reacted to the 2024 budget legislation by their national governments. The analysis focuses on the content of the advocacy and the level of conflict/opposition implied in the advocacy: from non-structural opposition to major structural opposition. Contextual factors related to state-civil society relations and right-wing populist parties’ access to power are used to understand different levels of conflict among CSOs’ responses as well as the CSO’s characteristics and mission. The analysis shows more frequent system-oriented criticism from Swedish CSOs compared to Italian ones. This pattern can be related to Swedish civil society being more advocacy-oriented as well as the Swedish state having more direct control over public funding to CSOs. Also, the type of CSO and the policy area of activity seem to matter for the response to budget legislation. The article shows the relevance of the societal role of civil society and the power wielded by the populist parties for understanding established CSOs’ interest in and capacity to oppose populist governance. It offers a novel approach to studying CSOs’ responses and understanding contextual factors.

Thermohaline Interleaving in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Abstract Interleaving layers are commonly observed in the subsurface ocean near thermohaline fronts. They imply a lateral exchange of water mass properties and have been shown to influence both lateral and vertical mixing rates. We examine a set of in situ observations, from electromagnetic autonomous profiling explorer (EM-APEX) floats and Triaxus transects, in an energetic meandering region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. The observations reveal strong interleaving features that are ubiquitous on the northern side of the Polar Front. Interleaving layers are of O(10) m thick and persist for up to 100-km downstream, over time scales of <1–6 days. The features have cross-stream slopes that are much shallower than expected from mesoscale stirring. The strength of the interleaving layers is partly governed by internal wave–driven diapycnal mixing rates that vary spatially and temporally. Generation of the interleaving layers is complex and could be impacted by several processes, including eddy stirring, shear, ageostrophic dynamics, and double diffusion. The ubiquitous nature and magnitude of these features on the warm side of the front attests to their likely role in cross-frontal exchange, mixing, and water mass transformation. Depth-averaged lateral heat flux estimates associated with the intrusions are of O(1) kW m−2, while individual values reach O(10) kW m−2, comparable to eddy heat flux estimates from previous studies. A circumpolar observational dataset reveals hotspots of thermohaline interleaving in the Southern Ocean, associated with major topographic features, confluence regions, and areas of elevated eddy activity. Understanding the processes that generate thermohaline variability, influence mixing rates, and drive cross-frontal exchange are key to understanding how the Southern Ocean regulates the global climate.

Activities of prosecutor’s offices in environmental protection under martial law: a criminal law perspective

The article examines the challenges faced by the prosecutor’s office, with a focus on the Specialized Environmental Prosecutor’s Office, within the framework of using criminal law to ensure environmental protection. Against the backdrop of russia’s ongoing armed aggression against Ukraine, the author highlights the escalating threats to environmental safety, underscoring the need for a coordinated response from prosecution authorities to guarantee just and inevitable punishment, as well as full compensation for environmental damage. The author examines the activities of the Specialized Environmental Prosecutor’s Office as a key institution in combating environmental crimes. Particular attention is given to the significance of specialization within the prosecutor’s office, which enhances the quality and effectiveness of prosecutors in fulfilling their tasks and responsibilities. The author advocates for the inclusion of the principle of specialization in Article 3 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Public Prosecutor’s Office,” which outlines the fundamental principles governing the Public Prosecutor’s Office. The article presents a comprehensive overview of criminal offenses overseen by the Specialized Environmental Prosecutor’s Office, including pre-trial investigations and public prosecution. To this end, the author analyzes statistical data from the period of martial law, the current Criminal Code of Ukraine, and the relevant provisions of the Draft New Criminal Code of Ukraine, which introduces fundamentally different approaches to addressing environmental criminal offenses. The author explores the primary areas of activity of the Specialized Environmental Prosecutor’s Office in criminal proceedings related to war-induced environmental crimes. Particular attention is given to aspects of the procedural implementation of Article 441 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, “Ecocide.” The author concludes that the development of criteria for procedural proof of guilt in ecocide cases remains an ongoing process at both the national and international levels. Based on the research, the author concludes that strategic reforms in environmental safety during martial law are essential. These reforms should include enhancing the specialization of prosecutors, advancing investigative methods, and adopting an integrated approach to combating environmental crime.

Protection of human rights in the European Union: general principles

Respect and protection of human rights is one of the main areas of activity of the European Union in accordance with the objectives and principles of this organization, enshrined in the founding treaties. Any European country that adheres to the principles of liberty, democracy, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as the rule of law, may apply to the EU with an application for membership, as provided for in the Treaty on European Union. The criteria that candidate countries must meet for accession to the European Union (the Copenhagen criteria) were approved at the meeting of the European Council in Copenhagen in June 1993. According to them, membership in the EU from the point of view of political standards requires the candidate country to have stable institutions that guarantee democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and the protection of minorities. Countries wishing to become members of the EU must not only enshrine the principles of democracy and the rule of law in their constitutions, but also implement them in everyday life. The constitutions of the applicant countries must guarantee democratic freedoms, including political pluralism, freedom of speech and freedom of conscience. They must establish democratic institutions and independent judicial bodies, bodies of constitutional jurisdiction, which create conditions for the normal functioning of state institutions, the holding of free and fair elections, periodic changes of the ruling parliamentary majority, as well as recognition of the important role of the opposition in political life. There is no integrated mechanism for the protection of human rights in the European Union. The national system of human rights protection operating in the Member States is complemented by a system of protection at the European Union level. In addition, the protection of human rights and freedoms is carried out within the framework of the Council of Europe, of which all Member States of the European Union are members. The formation of a system of legal norms at the European Union level that ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms has occurred gradually, and this system has significant potential for its development. Over the past 60 years, the European Union has come a long way in establishing its own system of human rights protection: from a complete rejection of the idea that the protection of human rights can take precedence over the provisions of EU law, to the development of its own catalogue of human rights, which became the Charter of Fundamental Rights. In addition, the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty introduced legal grounds for the EU to join the European Convention on Human Rights. All this raises the question for Ukraine of the need to improve its own system of human rights protection, since, according to the criteria for accession to the EU, only a state with an appropriate level of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms can become a full member of the European Union.

Management system of non-bank financial payment service providers: implementation of organizational measures

With the adoption of the Regulation on Requirements for the Management System of a Financial Payment Service Provider for Non-Bank Payment Service Providers, approved by Resolution of the NBU Board № 123 dated October 10, 2024 (hereinafter – the Regulation), the clock has started ticking for non-bank payment service providers to bring their activities in line with the requirements of the said regulatory act. These requirements are complex and relate to all areas of activity: from organizational structure to development of internal regulations, from setting up internal processes to development or improvement of information systems. This article focuses on analyzing and highlighting the problems that non-bank payment service providers may potentially face when fulfilling the requirements for bringing their organizational structure into compliance with the requirements of the above Regulation. The author emphasizes that in today’s realities, given the difficulties and challenges faced by businesses in times of war and economic crisis, the payment market regulator should set more flexible and longer deadlines for bringing the activities of supervised entities into compliance with the requirements of its regulations. By studying the realities of existence of non-bank payment service providers and the requirements imposed on them by the legislation in force prior to the entry into force of the Regulation, as well as by analyzing the experience of banks, the author identifies a number of difficulties that non-bank payment service providers may face and suggests potential ways to resolve them. The author comes to the conclusion that the process of establishing a proper organizational structure will require significant efforts from non-bank payment service providers, since, firstly, given the somewhat innovative nature of the requirements, there are not enough specialists in risk and compliance management in the non-banking sector on the labor market, and secondly, it will take time to train specialists from the internal reserve, due to the need to improve their skills and master the new specifics of their duties.

The future of accounting and reporting: key directions of public policy until 2030

Both healthcare organizations and any other organizations are interested in the future of their accounting and reporting. The main directions in this area for the next 5 years are defined in the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated November 22, 2024 No.3386-r. The content of this document is analyzed in this article. In carrying out the research, such methods as the grouping method, analysis and synthesis, comparison, analogy method, logical approach, systems approach were used. As a result of the research carried out in this work, the main aspects of the above document are analyzed in detail and our own conclusions are made in this area. The results obtained in this article will be useful to a wide range of readers interested in the problems of modern accounting and reporting. In addition, the results presented in this paper can be applied in the educational process of higher educational institutions, as well as in the practical work of accounting departments of modern healthcare organizations and other areas of activity.

Features of the influence of physical culture on the formation of moral and volitional qualities of the applicants of the HEA in the process of professional training

The article investigates the problem of the influence of physical culture on the formation of moral and volitional qualities of applicants for higher education institutions, substantiates the positive influence of physical culture and sports classes on the increase of students' moral values. The forms, methods, and means that affect the increase in the level of moral qualities during the performance of specific activities are identified. State documents on national educational policy determine that the priority areas of educational work with applicants in higher education institutions of Ukraine are moral, labor, aesthetic, civic, environmental, legal, patriotic, and physical education. The general goal of education is specified by educational institutions taking into account national and regional, individual characteristics, as well as the "orders" of the individual himself - to be a happy, intelligent, healthy, honest, responsible, organized, and purposeful person. The effectiveness of the educational process aimed at ensuring a favorable environment for self-realization of a specialist, the formation of a citizen of a democratic society, a good family man, a conscientious and responsible employee, a consumer of spiritual culture depends on the implementation of the basic principles, that is, those requirements that determine the goal, content, methods, and organization of education. The problem of forming the willpower of participants in the educational process by means of physical culture in modern realities is the decline in interest in physical culture and regular physical exercise, low awareness of the importance and role of physical culture and sports in the life of every person. The process of forming interest in physical exercise involves creating conditions for the emergence of cognitive interest, the formation of a positive attitude towards the subject and the organization of activity in which cognitive interest is formed. Physical culture is an important means of increasing the social and labor activity of people, satisfying their moral, aesthetic and creative needs, and the vital need for mutual communication. The very goal of harmonious development of the individual is a product of the history of the development of mankind. But the conditions for its implementation a person receives only at a certain stage of historical development. Comprehensive development of a person is necessary in order to be able to participate in all areas of activity (professional, social, sports, artistic, etc.). But for this it is necessary to develop the structure of the personality, to make it communicative.

The possibility of applying the bioremediation process on soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

Soil pollution from petroleum hydrocarbons has recently become a growing global problem. The introduction of pollutants into the soil has serious consequences in different areas of human activities. Many global oil companies have recognized this problem and have started to rehabilitate certain locations. In order to achieve the most effective remediation, various methods of remediation were considered. Bioremediation method was recognized as the main method in the remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Bioremediation is a cost-effective technology that biologically transforms pollutants into non-toxic compounds or completely degrades them. Bioremediation is based on enzymatic reactions of microorganisms that use carbon compounds as energy for growth and development, and the final products of these reactions are water and carbon dioxide. Purification does not require the introduction of new chemicals into the environment, and no new emissions are generated. Treated soil is no longer considered waste and can be reused for landscaping purposes or as building material. All this includes bioremediation in green technology and it corresponds to the concept of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to present the process of bioremediation and the possibilities of its application on soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.

Devising an approach to personality identification based on handwritten text using a vision transformer

The object of this study is the approach to personality identification based on handwritten text using machine learning methods. Increasing the accuracy of personality identification and automating feature extraction could make it possible to perform more accurate analysis of handwritten text. A functional model has been built, and an experimental study of the proposed approach was conducted. The results of the study showed that the proposed approach increased the overall accuracy of identification, compared to other studies, as evidenced by the obtained accuracy values with the lowest indicator of 94.84 % for Friendliness and the highest 99.48 % for Conscientiousness. The accuracy indicator also improved compared to other models, as evidenced by the average accuracy value, which increased from 0.65 to 0.94. Such results were obtained through the use of the "Vision Transformer" method, which makes it possible to remove the need for feature extraction as a separate step, and the scale-invariant feature transformation approach made it possible to extract relevant image patches. An experimental validation was conducted using retrieval and classification approaches, which minimizes the variability of the results. The use of the Big Five model and the CVL dataset improves the accessibility of the study for comparison and reproducibility. In practice, handwriting analysis is widely used in forensics, for personnel selection, as well as in other areas of activity. The results increase the reliability of automated handwriting analysis systems in the area of personality identification, which could help graphologists and handwriting experts in their work both to assess personality traits and to determine whether a certain handwritten text belongs to a specific person