Village Area Research Articles

A GIS-Based Approach for Shallow Landslides Risk Assessment in the Giampilieri and Briga Catchments Areas (Sicily, Italy)

Shallow landslides pose a widely growing hazard and risk, globally and particularly in Mediterranean areas. The implementation of adequate adaptation and mitigation measures necessarily requires the development of practical and affordable methodologies and technologies for assessing the shallow landslides hazard and its territorial impact. The assessment of shallow landslide hazard maps involves two different and sequential steps: the susceptibility and the runout analysis, respectively, aimed at the identification of the initiation and the propagation areas. This paper describes the application in the Giampilieri and Briga Villages area (Sicily, Italy) of a shallow landslide risk process at a basin scale with an innovative approach in the runout assessment segment. The runout analysis was conducted using specific GIS tools employing an empirical–geometric approach at a basin scale. The exposure and vulnerability values of the elements at risk were assigned using a qualitative and semi-quantitative approach, respectively. The results highlight the effectiveness of the procedure in producing consistent runout hazard and risk assessments in the valley areas where the more important and vulnerable exposed elements are located. This study contributes to addressing the public administration demand for valuable and user-friendly tools to manage and drive regional planning.

Assessment of heavy metals in rainfall as an indicator of air pollution from Erbil Steel Factory in Iraq.

The goal of the current study is to evaluate the heavy metal rainfall contamination in the vicinity brought on by the Erbil Steel Factory in Iraq during the study period. The study's findings revealed the concentration of all studied heavy metals in the precipitation near and around the factory is significantly higher than that of the rural area of Barzan village which is used as a control site. The average concentration of the metals is in descending order manganese (Mn) > lead (Pb) > iron (Fe) > arsenic (As) > cobalt (Co) > selenium (Se) > mercury (Hg) > and cadmium (Cd) for the polluted site. The geo-accumulation index (I-geo) of the heavy metal Mn in the rainfall around the steel factory site is 6.28 > 5 which indicates extreme contamination. While the Igeo values of Cd, As, and Fe are 4.87, 4.54, and 4.04 > 4 that indicate heavy to extreme contamination, for Pb, 3.80 > 3 indicates moderate to heavy contamination, Cd 1.68 > 1 indicates moderate contamination, Hg 0.46 > 0 indicates uncontaminated to moderate contamination, and Se - 0.36 < 0 indicates uncontaminated. The pollution load index (PLI) of the rainwater around the steel factory site is 13.46 > 1, demonstrating that the area is highly metal-contaminated.

Improving The Quality Of Baby Sleep By Giving Massage To Babies

Background: The need for sleep is important for every individual. However, infants who experience sleep disturbances result in decreased sleep quality and affect their growth and development. One that can improve the quality of infant sleep by giving non-pharmacological therapy is baby massage. This study aims to analyze the effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality in Gandasari Village Area, Katapang District, Bandung Regency. Methods: This type of research is a pre experimental design using a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The sample of this study amounted to 30 infants who were taken by the total sampling method. This research instrument used standar procedure operational and questionnaire and paired sample T test statistical test. Results: The results showed that more than half of the respondents (63.3%) had poor sleep quality before baby massage, and more than half of the respondents (56.6%) had adequate sleep quality after baby massage. The paired sample T test statistical test shows that the significant value of p value = 0.000 &lt; α (0.05), so Ha is accepted where there is an effect of baby massage on infant sleep quality in Gandasari Village Area, Katapang District. Conclusion: There is a significant influence between giving baby massage on infant sleep quality with p-value 0.000 &lt; 0.05.

Uji Cemaran Coliform Menggunakan Uji MPN pada Air Sumur Gali, Sumur Bor dan PDAM

Physical, biological, and chemical parameters form the environmental health quality standards for water media used for sanitary hygiene needs. These parameters must be checked periodically by the laws and regulations contained in the Minister of Health Regulation Number 32 of 2017. One of these requirements is the MPN limit, which is a maximum total Coliform count of 50 colonies per 100 milliliters and requires the absence of Escherichia coli. This study was to ascertain whether PDAM water, borehole, and dug well water in the Cinta Rakyat Village area of Percut Sei Tuan Deli Serdang were contaminated by Escherichia coli and the MPN Coliform index. A 3:3:3 tube series consisting of a prediction test using Lactose Broth (LB) media, a confirmation test using Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) media, and a complementary test using Eosin media was used to conduct a microbiological contamination test using the Most Probable Number (MPN) Coliform method. Gram stain with methylene blue agar (EMBA). Six water samples from dug wells, six from boreholes, and one PDAM water sample from the homeowner's residence were used for testing. The samples were randomly selected. The findings showed that two well water samples - ASGD 1 with 75 colonies/100 mL and ASGD 6 with 75 colonies/100 mL - exceeded the total Coliform limit. Six samples taken from dug wells were positive for fecal coliform. The colony count for ASGD 1 was 15/100 mL, ASGD 2 was 7/100 mL, ASGD 3 was 7/100 mL, ASGD 4 was 15/100 mL, ASGD 5 was 4/100 mL, and ASGD 6 was 20/100 mL. Two samples from boreholes were positive for fecal coliform. There were 4 colonies/100 mL for ASBD 2 and 7 colonies/100 mL for ASBD 4. PDAM water samples did not contain non-fecal coliforms and fecal coliforms.

Portrait Of Political Culture In A Multicultural Society In Padang City: A Case Study: Change Of "Kampung Jao" To "Kampung Jawa" In Padang Barat District, Padang City

Portrait Of Political Culture In A Multicultural Society In Padang City: A Case Study: Change Of "Kampung Jao" To "Kampung Jawa" In Padang Barat District, Padang City

Edukasi tentang Kehamilan Risiko Tinggi melalui Kunjungan Rumah di Kelurahan Mojosongo Jebres Surakarta

Antenatal and postnatal home visiting programs provide significant benefits in improving the health of mothers and babies. Risky pregnancies have the potential to experience life-threatening complications for the mother (85.4%), maternal near misses (13.3%), and maternal death (1.2%). This activity aims to provide education about high-risk pregnancies through home visits. The method is education about high-risk pregnancies using a home visit approach. Location in the Mojosongo Village area, Jebres, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Activities begin with licensing, preparation, and coordination with the community officer team and study program team, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed that pregnant women had no risk were 56% and high risk were 44%. Risk factors for pregnancy were old age &gt; 35 years, grand multigravida, and hypertension in pregnancy. Mothers are invited to actively read the MCH books, actively discuss, and cooperate. The hope is that pregnant women and their husbands will actively increase their knowledge about healthy pregnancy planning, preparation for childbirth, and newborn babies. Develop an integrated information system for pregnant women that can be accessed by pregnant women. Training program for community officers to improve their ability to assist pregnant women.

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBANGUNAN PARIWISATA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DESA KARANGSARI

The construction and development of Karang Sari Village to become a tourist village is very important. Seeing that so far this potential has not been exploited and organized and it is hoped that it will be able to improve the economic and welfare of the community. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Karang Sari Village has a stretch of beach of approximately 17 km, from Muara Cimari beach to Cicalengka beach. Indonesian tourism development uses the concept of cultural tourism formulated in Tourism Law Number 09 of 1990. The problem is that villages are still in the underdeveloped category, low levels of community welfare and low levels of facilities and infrastructure as well as knowledge in managing village potential. The aim is to increase the quality and quantity of tourism destinations to create a tourism industry that is able to drive the local and national economy, develop tourism institutions and tourism governance that are able to synergize tourism destination development, tourism marketing and the tourism industry in a professional, effective and efficient manner. Using the perspective of communication science theory from Professor John Marston (in Nova, 2009:32) regarding planning strategies, namely RACE (Reasearch, Action, Controling, Evaluation). Community service activities are analyzed using SWOT analysis (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat). In conclusion, building tourism potential in underdeveloped villages must review all aspects. Looking at the potential of natural resources and human resources, but looking at the geographical conditions and geopolitical conditions in the Karangsari Village area. Suggestions, Village Head and Karangsari Village Apparatus, persuasive efforts for people who still do not understand and take a counter stance towards the idea of building a tourist village

Application of Geospatial Technology to Assess Pressures and Threats to Nature Related to Human Activities in Wilpattu National Park

Expanding agricultural land is one of the humanities largest and most considerable environmental impacts. It has transformed habitats and is one of the greatest pressures and threats to biodiversity. By 2020, with an estimated population of 22 million, the per capita arable land is about 0.158 hectares. This indicates heavy pressure on agricultural land use. This agricultural land use causes deforestation. Illegal deforestation results in the destruction of habitat and the restriction of wildlife movements. Apart from the direct destruction of habitats of flora and fauna that provide humans with valuable resources, removing forest cover puts many essential natural functions out of order, which may lead to a range of severe consequences. There have been many attempts at human encroachment at Wilpattu National Park, Sri Lanka, and its Forest Reserves; however, it has never been done at this scale with the awareness of the Government Authorities, who failed to act. The Easter end of the Wilpattu National Park lies between the divisional secretariat of Mahaviachchi, Karuwalagasweva, Nochchiyagama, and Rajanganaya. The buffer zone of 1.6km has been marked from the Wilpattu reserve boundary. This study uses the integrated land use assessment by applying a land use evaluation model that evaluates biophysical and human-related data in eight GN Divisions (Hunuvilagama, Kuda Vilachchiya, Track 13, Matha Kiramam, Palaikuli, Pahalapuliyankulam, Parana Eluwankulam, and Andiyapuliyankulam) in buffer zone in Wilpattu National Park. Environmental impact has been assessed based on image classification and area calculations. According to the analysis done in the human settlement, it indicates encroachment of the restricted zone for human settlement. The area of this buffer zone is approximately 33,147 ha. About 9,190 ha of this buffer zone area has been utilized by humans in various ways. Spatial- temporal data in 2003-2019 satellite image classification identified permanent building/housing units within the 1.6 km restricted zone, which has been increased in marginal villages. Mullikulam and Eluwankulam GN Divisions are the most critical and rapidly encroached areas in the forest village in the Wilpattu National Park. According to the GIS-based maps, cultivation, road construction, and residence are significant factors influencing the major ecosystems in the eastern part of the Wilpattu Park Boundary. Mahavilachchi and Nochchiyagama can be identified as the villages where elephants roam more and the areas where elephant-human conflict occurs regularly. Paddy and hay farming are primarily practiced in the areas close to the Wilpattu reserve zone. Additionally, coconut, banana, mango, and cashew crops are cultivated.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Wilpattu, Agriculture, Deforestation, Buffer zone, Human

Kelayakan Investasi dan Pola Pengembangan UMKM Berbasis Desa Wisata

Tourism villages are a government program designed to increase community potential and income based on local potential. The Barito Village area (Bambang, Bringin, and Pacokpicis) is a tourist village area still in development. Various activities carried out for the progress of the Barito Tourism Village Area are the establishment of economic destinations or MSMEs, which are expected to have an economic impact on community welfare and improve living standards. This research was carried out to provide an overview and direction to all parties in improving the welfare of the people of the Barito Village area through research formulations and objectives to analyze the feasibility of priority economic investments and determine the development pattern of Tourism Village-based MSMEs. The results of the identification carried out on the potential of existing MSMEs found 11 MSME units selected purposively from 58 samples. This research uses investment feasibility analysis, namely NPV (net present value), IRR value calculation, B/C ratio analysis, and payback period calculation. It analyzes descriptively in determining community-based development patterns for MSMEs. Based on the results that have been studied, five priority MSMEs forming the economy were obtained, which are suitable to continue sustainably because the NPV value is&gt; 1. The IRR has a value greater than the existing interest rate. The BC ratio value is more than one, and the payback period follows the annual criteria: Biting Showroom, Barito Dairy Murni Industry, D'Ring Bringin Batik Showroom, The Rabbits of Barito, and Blacksmith Crafts. Meanwhile, the MSME development pattern is based on community-based development, which focuses on developing four aspects: growing economic aspects based on local wisdom, developing natural resource aspects, developing human resource aspects, and developing consumer or market development.

Distribusi spasial nitrat air tanah di Kecamatan Nanggulan, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta

Residential areas in Nanggulan sub-district are mainly adjacent to irrigated rice fields. Groundwater in settlements close to irrigated rice fields has the potential to be contaminated with nitrates. Studies on the spatial distribution of groundwater nitrate around irrigated rice fields have never been conducted in Nanggulan District, Kulon Progo Regency. The study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of nitrates in groundwater in Nanggulan District, Kulon Progo Regency. Nitrate data were collected through groundwater sample testing. The location of groundwater samples is determined using a systematic random sampling. The data was analyzed by spatial interpolation method through Arc GIS 10.6 software. The results showed variations in the spatial distribution of nitrates in the study area. Most of the study area had nitrate levels of 5-10 mg / L distributed in the south. Nitrates exceeding ten mg/L were distributed in the northern part of the study area. Based on research that has been conducted, it is known that 41% of groundwater in the study area is contaminated with nitrates, while 59% of groundwater is not contaminated with nitrates. Spatially, nitrate-contaminated groundwater is found in parts of Tanjungharo Village, some Wijimulyo Village, some Donomulyo Village, some Jatisarono Village, and some Kembang Villages. Groundwater not contaminated with nitrates is found in Banyuroto Village and most areas of Donomulyo Village. Factors that cause nitrate-contaminated groundwater are the location of excavated wells close to intensively fertilized irrigated rice fields, groundwater contained in geological formations of young Merapi volcano deposits, and groundwater depth of less than 5 meters.

The impact of winter feeding of birds on pro-environmental attitudes and knowledge of pupils in elementary schools

Feeding wild birds is one of the most popular forms of interaction between wild animals and humans. This relatively simple method can be applied in the educational process in primary schools through active learning in the field, which serves to improve the pro-environmental attitudes of pupils. The aim of the research was to verify the effect of winter bird feeding on the behavior and knowledge of pupils in selected primary schools. We were interested in whether there are differences between respondents who feed birds in winter and those who do not in terms of their gender, grade, place of residence (apartment, house), and school location. We were also interested in the motivation to feed birds and its origin. The results of our research confirmed that winter bird feeding has a positive effect on respondents’ knowledge (p = 0.0101). Pupils attending schools in village areas had a higher tendency to feed birds (p = 0.0005). This was similar for housing type, as respondents living in houses were more likely to feed birds (p = 0.0011). The effect of gender was negligible in our research (p = 0.2965).

Carbon stock estimation of Sonneratia alba in mangrove restoration area in Pasar Rawa, Langkat North Sumatera

Mangrove forests must be protected because they are an important ecosystem for climate mitigation. Mangrove forests are one of the “blue carbon” ecosystems capable of absorbing significantly more carbon than terrestrial forests. Mangrove restoration is being carried out in various regions as part of an effort to rehabilitate damaged ecosystems, one of which being Pasar Rawa Village in Langkat Regency. Sonneratia alba is a native plant that is employed in restoration activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate carbon stock in the S. alba monoculture restoration area in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra Province. Purposive sampling was employed in this study, with plots distributed evenly around the research area. Carbon stock estimation is performed non-destructively by estimating carbon estimates based on diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height of trees. According to the research findings, the total carbon stored in the Sonneratia alba restoration area is quite low, at 60.89 ton.ha−1. S. alba produced 192.13 ton.ha−1 of absorbed carbon with CO2 absorption of 19212.84 g/m2 and so was classified as low.

Profil Penyakit Kulit Penduduk Perkampungan Terapung Kepulauan Tihi-tihi dan Selangan, Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia

Introduction: Tihi-tihi and Selangan Islands, floating village areas in Bontang, East Kalimantan, are remote areas in Indonesia, which can only be accessed by sea route. The research was conducted to describe skin diseases in those islands. Method: Retrospective observational cross-sectional and descriptive analysis study on floating communities in Tihi-tihi and Selangan Island, Bontang Lestari Village, South Bontang District, Bontang City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Results: The study was conducted on 95 subjects, mostly female (53%), and the largest age group was 26-45 years (29%), followed by the 5-11 years group (24%). Skin infection diseases (58.96%) were dominated by scabies (67.9% of the skin infection disease group). The second highest was allergic contact dermatitis (41%) from the non-infection group. There is an association between age and disease group (p&lt;0.05), with an odds ratio of 3.164. Conclusion: Skin diseases in Tihi-tihi and Selangan Islands are dominated by scabies, followed by allergic contact dermatitis. The pediatric age group is at a three-fold greater risk of developing skin infections than non-infection skin diseases.

Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Rumah Tangga dalam Pencegahan Kanker Servik

Cervical cancer caused by HPV (human papillomavirus) usually attacks women aged between 35 and 55 years and ranks second as the type of cancer most commonly experienced by Indonesian women. Early detection of cervical cancer is done with the visual acetic acid test (IVA). The aim of this research was to determine the knowledge and attitudes of housewives in preventing cervical cancer in the Pringrejo Village area. This research used a cross-sectional method with the Kolmogorov Smirnov reliability test with a sample size of 100 respondents. Both tests were calculated using SPSS version 17 for Windows. The results of the research show that age, education, economic status and knowledge influence the attitudes and behavior of housewives regarding cervical cancer with a p value for each characteristic &lt;0.10. In the results, job characteristics have no relationship with the attitude of housewives in preventing cervical cancer because the p value is &gt; 0.10. With this research, it is hoped that health workers can provide clear information about cervical cancer to the wider community, especially housewives.

Assessing Air Quality Using Multivariate Statistical Approaches

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate air quality in Dong Thap province, Vietnam. The air quality data was collected during 2019–2020, representing the time of pre- and mid-COVID-19. Twenty-seven air quality samples (in the areas of urban, residential-administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft village areas) were used for the evaluation. Air quality was evaluated using national technical regulations on air quality, including QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT and QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The difference of mean air quality between the areas was examined using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan test at a significant level of 5%. The relationship between air quality parameters and microclimate factors was tested using Pearson correlation. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to identify critical variables and potential sources of air variation. Cluster analysis (CA) was applied to group similar air quality sites, thus recommending air monitoring site selection. The results show that the air quality in the study area is not polluted. The concentrations of noise, TSP, SO2, and NO2in the mid-COVID-19 pandemic were significantly lower than those in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic due to the social distancing policy. There was a close correlation among air quality parameters, except for air humidity. PCA identified two to four potential sources of air variation, explaining 84.3%, 100%, 100% and 89.7% of the total air quality variance at urban, residential–administrative, hospital-schools, and industry-craft villages, respectively. CA divided the 27 sampling sites into eight groups by the differences, mainly in humidity, wind speed noise, TSP, and CO. Eight sampling sites could be potentially reduced from the current monitoring program for representativeness and cost-effectiveness purposes. All air parameters in the current study are significant for monitoring, and the potential sources of air quality variation are traffic activities, industrial production, craft village activities, and daily life using fuels in residential areas. The results of the current study provide useful information for air quality monitoring and management. Future monitoring programs should include toxic air pollutants in air quality monitoring programs. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2024-010-02-012 Full Text: PDF

Penanaman 1000 Pohon Cemara Laut Untuk Mitigasi Abrasi di Pantai Larangan Tegal

Larangan Tegal Beach is located in the northern part of Central Java and is a tourist destination among other beaches such as Pulau Kodok beach, Komodo beach, and others. On the way to the beach, visitors will see ponds and mangrove trees lining the edge of the road. However, unfortunately, this beach is experiencing soil erosion which is quite worrying. Every time the sea water rises, the environment around the beach, especially the stalls that serve as resting places for tourists along the beach, will be submerged. The impact of coastal erosion is not only limited to inundation of sea water, but also has negative consequences for the environment and local communities. To overcome this abrasion problem, an activity was carried out to plant 1000 sea pine trees around the coast, especially in the areas of Kedungkelor Village, Munjungagung Village, and Bojongsana Village where the procurement of sea pine tree seeds came from the Tegal Regency National and Political Unity Agency (Kesbangpol) in collaboration with the Pancasakti Tegal University Campus and the Bhakti Negara Islamic Institute for the planting process. Through this activity, it is hoped that it can reduce the impact of land erosion on the coast and provide natural protection for coastal areas from strong winds and sea waves. It is hoped that this effort can protect the coast from damage that may arise due to storms and extreme weather

Keterbatasan penelitian peran penduduk kampung adat ciptagelar dalam upaya menjaga kelestarian hutan: metode bibliografi

Bibliography is a method that can be used to see and analyze topic trends in research. One topic that has not yet been widely researched is the forest area in the Ciptagelar Traditional Village. This topic relates to how the people of Ciptagelar Traditional Village protect and preserve their forest area. Therefore, the aim of this research article is to analyze the frequency of scientific publications indexed by Google Scholar regarding the forest area of ​​Ciptagelar Traditional Village. The method used in this research is bibliographic analysis using Co-word. The database used as material for this research is scientific publications indexed by Google Scholar totaling 449 publications with several search keywords. The results of this research show an increase in publications in the last 5 years. Apart from that, groups that have a low keyword network level are forest with development and forest with study.

Potential mapping and zoning division in the development of integrated organic areas in Kalurahan Patuk, Gunungkidul

This community service activity aims to map the potential of the village and establish zoning for the development of integrated organic areas in Patuk Village, Patuk Subdistrict, Gunungkidul Regency. The results obtained from this activity demonstrate that the residents of Patuk Village can comprehend the existing village potential, accompanied by mapping its various aspects. Additionally, this activity successfully enhances community knowledge and participation in determining zoning based on designated activities, facilitating the development of more targeted integrated organic areas. The mapped potential of Patuk Subdistrict includes physical and economic aspects (agriculture, plantations, animal husbandry, MSMEs). The proposed zoning for the development of integrated organic areas consists of Zone A as the center of subdistrict activities; Zone B as an organic training center; Zone C as an area for sustainable agriculture, livestock, and fisheries; and Zone D for waste processing and agricultural product processing.

Factors Affecting the Incidence of Postpartum Blues in Postpartum Women in the Karang Tengah Urban Village Area, Sukabumi City

Aims: This study was to determine the factors that influence the incidence of postpartum blues in postpartum mothers in Karang Tengah Urban Village, Sukabumi City. Methods: Correlational research with cross sectional approach. The study population was all postpartum mothers in Karang Tengah Urban Village, Sukabumi City and a sample of 30 people using purposive sampling technique. Results: There was an effect of social support, coping stress, socioeconomic status, and gender roles on the incidence of postpartum blues in postpartum mothers (p &lt; 0.05). There is a simultaneous influence of social support, coping stress, socioeconomic status, and gender roles on the incidence of postpartum blues in postpartum women (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Postpartum blues incidence in postpartum mothers in Karang Tengah Urban Village Area of Sukabumi City is influenced by social support, coping stress, socioeconomic status, and gender roles.

Trip Attraction Model at Elementary Schools in Suradita Valley Cisauk District Tangerang Municipal 2022

Activity in schools area located in the Suradita Village area has the potential to cause traffic congestion because the schools start time coincides with the rush hour for work. This is due to the fact that the schools do not have a designated area for dropping off passengers, which forces vehicles transporting students to stop or park on the road, reducing the road’s capacity. The purpose of this research to determine trip attraction model, totals of trip attraction, factors that influence of trip attraction, and trip rate on SDN Rahayu, SDN Suradita, MIS Nurul Falah area. The research method used is interview to students, teachers, and staffs about trip data, also secondary data collection were amount of students, teachers, and staffs, land area, floor space, amount of classrooms, parking area of SDN Rahayu, SDN Suradita, MIS Nurul Falah area. Data that has been collected then analyzed with multiple linear regression method used SPSS 25.0 application with significant level 95%. Trip attraction model of SDN Rahayu, Suradita, and MIS Nurul Falah can be attained YSMDS = 0,998 + 0,199 JS + 0,067 JGK – 0,071 JRK with R2 (R square) = 0,636. Total of trip attraction that is generated by SDN Rahayu, SDN Suradita, MIS Nurul Falah area = 463 trip attraction/day. Based on t Test with significant level &lt;0,05, therefore an influential factors are amount of students, teachers, and staffs, also amount of classrooms. Trip rate of SDN Rahayu, SDN Suradita, and MIS Nurul Falah = 0,9 people/m2 or 9 people/100m2.