Architectural Engineering Research Articles

A novel energy harvesting technology from the movements of air masses

The displacement of air masses caused by the movement of objects or vehicles is often characterized by considerable energy content, which, with appropriate technologies, can be partially recovered. In this sense, numerous scientific works consider rail transport as a possible context for application. However, the literature in the sector highlights how using existing wind technologies in these areas involves many difficulties, mainly related to the turbulent and impulsive nature of the airflows generated. This work presents the architecture and general aspects of an innovative technology for obtaining electrical energy from variable and impulsive airflows, such as those due to the rapid transit of railway trains in tunnels, without precluding its use in other similar fields. The innovative aspect mainly concerns the independent control of two distinct typologies of bladed elements, which can also have translational movement and drag-based and lift-based aerodynamic behavior to improve the adaptability of the embodiment to the site’s fluid dynamic and geometric characteristics. Furthermore, the structural simplification of the apparatus, shifting some of the technological complexity to the control systems, brings further advantages in terms of construction cost, robustness, maintenance, reuse, and transferability to different contexts. Of course, the counterpart of these benefits lies in the software and hardware of the control devices. Analytical models to determine the non-dimensional performance coefficients of the two basic types have been reported as has the architectural model of the control system. The technology shown in this work is protected by an EP and US Patent.

Emerging Hybrid Metal Halide Glasses for Sensing and Displays.

Glassy hybrid metal halides have emerged as promising materials in recent years due to their high structural adjustability and low melting points, offering unique merits that overcome the limitations of their crystalline and polycrystalline counterparts as well as other conventional amorphous semiconductors. This review article comprehensively explores the structural characteristics, electronic properties, and chemical coordination of hybrid metal halides, emphasizing their role in the glass transition from the crystalline phase to the amorphous phase. We examine the intrinsic disorder within the amorphous phase that facilitates light transmission and discuss recent advances in device architecture and interface engineering by optimizing the charge transport of glassy hybrid metal halides for high-quality applications. With full theoretical understanding and rational structural design, potential applications in displays, information storage, X-ray imaging, and sensing are highlighted, underscoring the transformative impact of glassy hybrid metal halides in the fields of materials science and information science.

Directions for the development of information and methodological support for industrial complex enterprises based on the uniform digital platform of the RF «Gostech»

The article presents the directions for the development of information and methodological support (IMS) for the activities of industrial enterprises on the basis of the unified digital platform "RosTech", which are of particular importance in the organization of innovative activities at the present stage, carried out in conditions of geoplastic instability and the influence of economic sanctions against Russia from unfriendly states. The article reflects that the GosTech platform is intended for the implementation of processes of the full life cycle of industrial activities of industrial enterprises, according to the developed methodology, features of the organization of technological processes, the use of digital services and platform products that ensure the formation and operation of platform information systems, for the purpose of methodological support of production activities of enterprises. The article substantiates that the essence of IMO in the activities of industrial enterprises, based on the GosTech platform, is represented by the formation and use of innovative technologies, digital services, business models of production, taking into account artificial intelligence objects available at enterprises. Also, IMO, lies in the development of individual competencies of enterprise employees, the implementation of new opportunities for implementing innovative activities in the production processes of the enterprise, increasing operating efficiency and competitiveness. The article reflects that the GosTech platform creates conditions for designing the architecture of the production technologies used, developing the operation of the information systems used, by providing instrumental services for automated software development, monitoring its quality, monitoring operating parameters, and ensuring the information security of the information systems used. The work presents that the main goal of creating IMO on the GosTech platform is: reducing the production time of industrial products, increasing the efficiency of processes for the development of information systems used in the enterprise, moving to a new level of their compatibility, ergonomics, security and reliability. As a result of the use of IMO based on the GosTech digital platform, the innovative activity of enterprises and the degree of interaction with government agencies and institutional entities increases. The effectiveness of IMO management decisions in the innovative activities of industrial enterprises is determined by the effectiveness of managing the services and artificial intelligence objects used, which are the main tools for ensuring innovative activities. Thus, IMO management decisions in innovation activities contribute to the formation of new innovative products and technologies.

OpenBIM in the global architecture engineering and construction industry: a literature review of academic research

Much has been said to promote openBIM. However, little has been done to articulate its past, present, and future prospects. This paper aims at reporting a critical review of academic research on openBIM in the global architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. Through a systematic filtering process, we selected articles that are relevant, comprehensive, and with clear definitions of openBIM. Non-academic publications and studies with insufficient details were excluded. This process allowed for an initial review of 335 publications, narrowed to 49 academic journal articles published from 2009 to 2024. We discovered that in the past 15 years the openBIM literature has been expanding steadily along with openBIM industry applications. However, we identified four limitations of this expansion: (1) lack of interoperability, (2) library readiness, (3) domain knowledge gaps, and (4) lack of liability issues. Continuous improvement of the openBIM domain is needed, including standardizing codes, training talents, and exploring potential collaborations with other technologies.

Parametric Modeling and Column Grid Analysis of the Sakyamuni Pagoda at Fogong Temple: Insights into the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda

The Sakyamuni Pagoda of Fogong Temple, also known as the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda or the Wooden Pagoda of Ying County, is China’s oldest and tallest wooden pagoda. This pagoda was constructed in 1056 and has faced many challenges, including earthquakes, wars, and mistreatment. However, it is currently in danger of potential collapse due to severe structural challenges. Preserving this historic monument requires interdisciplinary collaboration across architectural history, materials science, and engineering. This paper proposes the development of a parametric model to build the pagoda that can be used for future preservation efforts. While not precisely reflecting the pagoda’s current condition, with the changes in inputs, the geometries of the structural members can be updated in real time, which offers adaptability crucial for preservation efforts. With the understanding of the original construction techniques, including its leaning column systems, the model not only helps preservation but also reveals the creativity of the architects or the craftsmen at the time. The 3D model, which includes more than 32,000 pieces along with the parametric files that can generate the column grid and dougongs, has been published along with this paper, and those files are available in the Data Availability Statement. In summary, the full digital model presented alongside this paper, unavailable elsewhere to the general public, serves as a practical preservation tool that can also be used for raising awareness for this cultural heritage site.

Towards waste management in higher education institute: The case of architecture department (CIC-New Cairo)

Waste Management represents a significant challenge Higher Educational Institutes (HEIs) face as they strive to achieve their sustainability goals. The fundamental concern lies in the impact of waste on health and socioeconomics. Consequently, there is a pressing need to adopt effective waste management techniques. The issue becomes more complex within HEIs, which generate substantial types of waste. The amount of waste produced by HEIs and diverse campus activities exacerbates the problem. Compounding this challenge is the lack of proper waste segregation and disposal methods. The research aims to define the specific checkpoints for waste management that should be considered to apply the waste management plan in HEIs by developing a workflow of waste management in HEIs. Any HEI can create a closed-loop system for effective waste management by following these workflow processes. To be able to test the efficiency of the workflow, the research employs a questionnaire via question-pro targeted at all CIC-architecture department users, followed by creating a four weeks project in the environmental control course by applying the process of the workflow of waste management in HEIs which finds that the most waste type for architecture engineering is papers which resulted in developing the waste management methods to be applied on most of the curriculum's courses then ended by suggesting another method related to cooperating with non-profit recycling firms. Finally, the results confirm the research objectives which shows that the existence of waste management workflow helps the stakeholder to develop a waste management plan suitable to the activities of each college.

Exploring the Tectonic Dimension: Past, Present and Futures of the use of Technology in Architecture

Exploring the Tectonic Dimension: Past, Present and Futures of the use of Technology in Architecture

A hybrid FEM-IBM-level set algorithm for water entry of deformable body

Water entry of deformable bodies has been investigated extensively despite the major challenges in precise simulations of the whole physical process. Inspired by the basic idea of immersed boundary method (IBM), a hybrid FEM-IBM-level set algorithm is proposed where structural compliance is considered. The flow is described by Navier-Stokes equations with an added body force while the drastically moving object of arbitrary geometry is represented by several Lagrangian points on solid boundary. The direct forcing IBM is enhanced and coupled with finite element method (FEM) to facilitate simulation of severe fluid-structure interactions. Consequently, the added body force is calculated implicitly based on the exact velocity boundary condition with divergence-free condition ensured simultaneously. The improved conservative level set technique is adopted for accurate depiction of instantaneously distorted water surface, and the strongly coupled system is resolved iteratively through a partitioned scheme. Examples including sedimentation of a disk, water entry of deformable wedge and cylindrical shell are performed for validation. Specifically, hydroelastic impact of a three-dimensional conical shell is investigated, and the influence factors of entry dynamics are discussed. The results demonstrate the reliability and great potential of present algorithm for practical applications in ocean engineering, naval architecture and military engineering, etc.

Development of a DSP based collaborative computing platform for power system

Abstract With the advancement of information technology, there has been tremendous progress in data production, processing, and storage technology, especially in data processing technology. With the rapid development of the power grid, its operation has become more intelligent and efficient. Traditional power system simulation and analysis tools have disadvantages, such as slow message transmission and the inability to share data, which cannot meet the requirements of modern power system simulation calculations. DSP was introduced and developed by the Southern Power Grid Research Institute and can perform various simulation calculations such as transient stability calculation, power flow calculation, and short circuit calculation. It is widely used in departments such as power planning and design. However, the data calculated by DSP is input through a data card, which is cumbersome and difficult to manage. In order to meet the new requirements of power system simulation analysis, a power system collaborative computing platform has been developed based on DSP, which makes DSP data maintenance and management more efficient and intuitive. It comprehensively improves the efficiency of power grid planning work. This article provides a detailed analysis of the architecture design and application problems of the power system collaborative computing platform, clarifies the requirements of large-scale interconnected power grids for simulation computing data management, and proposes solutions that can meet the needs of simulation computing data management in China’s power grid from two aspects: key data architecture issues and software architecture technology.

Evaluation, assessment, and validation of research in architecture, construction, and urbanism: justifying perceptions

Estoa journal´s editorial emphasises the increasing importance of evaluation and validation processes in scientific publications, particularly in architectural research. It highlights the necessity of generating and contextualising processes to ensure replicability, functionality, and sustainability in research studies. The integration of new technologies, such as digital simulation, virtual reality, and biomaterials, has revolutionised these processes, enhancing the precision and rigour of evaluations. The journal's current issue focuses on the impact of these technologies on architectural and urban studies, presenting 16 diverse articles that explore various aspects of this transformation. Key themes include the application of innovative technologies in architecture, urbanism, and public policy, emphasising sustainability, bioclimatic efficiency, and heritage preservation. The editorial concludes by encouraging readers to reflect on improving evaluation processes and responsibly educating future generations to use these new technologies effectively. It underscores the critical role of precision, sustainability, and adaptability in modern society and the significant impact of technological advancements on architectural and urban environments.

Decellularized, Heparinized Small-Caliber Tissue-Engineered "Biological Tubes" for Allograft Vascular Grafts.

There remains a lack of small-caliber tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) with wide clinical use. Biotubes were developed by electrospinning and in-body tissue architecture (iBTA) technology to prepare small-caliber TEBVs with promising applications. Different ratios of hybrid fibers of poly(l-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and polyurethane (PU) were obtained by electrospinning, and the electrospun tubes were then implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal area of a rabbit (as an in vivo bioreactor). The biotubes were harvested after 4 weeks. They were then decellularized and cross-linked with heparin. PLCL/PU electrospun vascular tubes, decellularized biotubes (D-biotubes), and heparinized combined decellularized biotubes (H + D-biotubes) underwent carotid artery allograft transplantation in a rabbit model. Vascular ultrasound follow-up and histological observation revealed that the biotubes developed based on electrospinning and iBTA technology, after decellularization and heparinization cross-linking, showed a better patency rate, adequate mechanical properties, and remodeling ability in the rabbit model. IBTA technology caused a higher patency, and the heparinization cross-linking process gave the biotubes stronger mechanical properties.

KENYAMANAN TERMAL DI KAWASAN TENGAH KOTA JAKARTA

This research is to determine the level of thermal comfort based on occupant perception, microclimate and is associated with architectural engineering in human adaptation to urban heat island (UHI). One of the problems in cities is the increase in earth temperature caused by climate change and vertical obstruction. The impact of climate change and vertical obstruction will affect the level of human comfort in their environment. Thermal comfort is an absolute need for the human body, and with its ability, humans also create a built environment to fulfill their comfort both outside and inside a building. This research takes a case study at The Lavande Residence Apartment, which is a residence in the central area of ​​Jakarta. This research uses a descriptive analysis method from data obtained primarily through direct observation and interviews and several other secondary data. The research results show that the suitability of the comfort level based on climate simulations and the comfort calculator is at a neutral level and compared with the perception of residents who still feel comfortable. This perception of thermal comfort after being analyzed is due to architectural engineering efforts carried out by humans in the context of adaptation to climate change.

SyDRA: An approach to understand game engine architecture

Game engines are tools to facilitate video game development. They provide graphics, sound, and physics simulation features, which would have to be otherwise implemented by developers. Even though essential for modern commercial video game development, game engines are complex and developers often struggle to understand their architecture, leading to maintainability and evolution issues that negatively affect video game productions. In this paper, we present the Subsystem-Dependency Recovery Approach (SyDRA), which helps game engine developers understand game engine architecture and therefore make informed game engine development choices. By applying this approach to 10 open-source game engines, we obtain architectural models that can be used to compare game engine architectures and identify and solve issues of excessive coupling and folder nesting. Through a controlled experiment, we show that the inspection of the architectural models derived from SyDRA enables developers to complete tasks related to architectural understanding and impact analysis in less time and with higher correctness than without these models.

Are airports like cities? Affordances and people’s micro embodied interactions during the arrival experience

Airports are designed to work efficiently. Specifically, they seek to efficiently process and ‘control’ people’s movements across landside and airside spaces, as well as to entice consumption through the architectural engineering of atmospheres and passenger experiences using architecture (Adey 2008; Fuller and Harley 2004; Hubregtse 2020). However, studies of the design and human sensorial perception of spaces of mobilities have shown that the way people move through and inhabit such spaces transcends the intended functionality of their design (Jensen and Lanng 2017). This includes work that considers airports as not only machines of movement, control and profit, but also city-like spaces (Hernandez-Bueno 2021; Nikolaeva 2013). Based on the conceptualisation of the airport as an ambiguous and city-like space, this paper uses thermal camera video recordings, ethnography, and design mappings to analyse the passenger movements, practices, embodied interactions, and mobile affordances of Copenhagen Airport’s meet and greet area. Focusing on a micro scale, the analysis shows the comparability of people’s practices and ways of inhabiting the airport with practices common to urban public spaces. This facilitates broader reflection on how to speculatively re-design and re-imagine the airport like an urban ‘public’ space.

Organic solar cell efficiency improvement through architecture engineering by integrating carbon nanoring – SCAPS 1D modelling

This research work aims to investigate on improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSC) by proposing new architectures that progressively integrate carbon nanotubes. This contribution takes into account the exceptional properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT) highlighted in recent work, with the aim of addressing the current challenges of materials used in the manufacture of conventional OSCs, such as reactivity with the ambient medium, stability over time, better transport of charge carriers, etc. Using a reference OSC cell with the following structure: PEDOT/BHJ/PDINO and the numerical one-dimensional simulation tool SCAPS, which helps in validating the modelling approach, we gradually replace each layer with a CNT-based material exhibiting superior properties. In this respect, we carry out calculations on the different cells architectures, to better visualize energy-level alignment profiles, the different current-voltage (J-V), and quantum efficiency (QE) characteristics. Approaches toward efficiency improvement were discussed, by investigating the effects of active layer thickness, the doping level, the charge carriers mobility, defect density, and external parameters such as temperature. After numerous calculations and modelling, very promising results were finally achieved with a full CNT-based solar structure with the following recorded performances: VOC=0.87V, JSC=27.81mA/cm2, FF=80.91%, and PCE=19.63%. These results are the first theoretical report for a complete CNT-based modelled OSC and, given the reliability and robustness of the approach adopted, they can be considered as relevant for future theoretical and experimental work. The integration of CNT as functional layers is a remarkable step forward in OSC architectures engineering for efficiency enhancement. CNT are good candidates for light harvesting applications.

Engineering the Cellular Microenvironment: Integrating Three-Dimensional Nontopographical and Two-Dimensional Biochemical Cues for Precise Control of Cellular Behavior.

The development of biomaterials capable of regulating cellular processes and guiding cell fate decisions has broad implications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cell-based assays for drug development and disease modeling. Recent studies have shown that three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale physical cues such as nanotopography can modulate various cellular processes like adhesion and endocytosis by inducing nanoscale curvature on the plasma and nuclear membranes. Two-dimensional (2D) biochemical cues such as protein micropatterns can also regulate cell function and fate by controlling cellular geometries. Development of biomaterials with precise control over nanoscale physical and biochemical cues can significantly influence programming cell function and fate. In this study, we utilized a laser-assisted micropatterning technique to manipulate the 2D architectures of cells on 3D nanopillar platforms. We performed a comprehensive analysis of cellular and nuclear morphology and deformation on both nanopillar and flat substrates. Our findings demonstrate the precise engineering of single cell architectures through 2D micropatterning on nanopillar platforms. We show that the coupling between the nuclear and cell shape is disrupted on nanopillar surfaces compared to flat surfaces. Furthermore, our results suggest that cell elongation on nanopillars enhances nanopillar-induced endocytosis. We believe our platform serves as a versatile tool for further explorations into programming cell function and fate through combined physical cues that create nanoscale curvature on cell membranes and biochemical cues that control the geometry of the cell.

Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra in the Light of Civil Engineering and Architecture

In this article entitled ‘Kautịlya’s Arthaśāstra in the light of Engineering and Architecture’ we have tried to forecast on Kautịlya’s thinking in the light of Engineering and Architecture of modern science. The Kautịlya’s Arthaśāstra as the name indicates is a treatise on Arthaśāstra. A definition of this śāstra is founding the concluding section of the work. There are many indications in the text that it has in view a comparatively small sized state. Similarly the book refers to ‘Janapada’s Or ‘vāstuka’. From these references vāstuvidyā or Engineering science has been choosen as topic of discussion. Janapada the territory with people settled on it, durga the fortified capital etc. play an important part in the administrative system.Arthaśāstra considered as a manual of statecraft and administration contains within it a wide spectrum of technological details by way of infrastructural adjunct to the various spheres of administration. The author injecting contentment and sense of security in the overall social fabric, would conceive that a strong superstructure can be built only on strong infrastructure. Various branches of Civil Engineering, as we understand today that technology, like town and country planning lay out plans for buildings architecture, design, construction materials, sanitation, irrigation etc. are to be found occupying appropriate place in the Arthaśāstra. In Arthaśāstra the sūtras, which are related to vāstuvidyā that is to the more comprehensive technology of Civil Engineering of today have been discussed in this article. Town planning architecture and civil Engineering, soil Mechanic

Kauṭilya’s Arthaśāstra in the Light of Civil Engineering and Architecture

In this article entitled ‘Kautịlya’s Arthaśāstra in the light of Engineering and Architecture’ we have tried to forecast on Kautịlya’s thinking in the light of Engineering and Architecture of modern science. The Kautịlya’s Arthaśāstra as the name indicates is a treatise on Arthaśāstra. A definition of this śāstra is founding the concluding section of the work. There are many indications in the text that it has in view a comparatively small sized state. Similarly the book refers to ‘Janapada’s Or ‘vāstuka’. From these references vāstuvidyā or Engineering science has been choosen as topic of discussion. Janapada the territory with people settled on it, durga the fortified capital etc. play an important part in the administrative system.Arthaśāstra considered as a manual of statecraft and administration contains within it a wide spectrum of technological details by way of infrastructural adjunct to the various spheres of administration. The author injecting contentment and sense of security in the overall social fabric, would conceive that a strong superstructure can be built only on strong infrastructure. Various branches of Civil Engineering, as we understand today that technology, like town and country planning lay out plans for buildings architecture, design, construction materials, sanitation, irrigation etc. are to be found occupying appropriate place in the Arthaśāstra. In Arthaśāstra the sūtras, which are related to vāstuvidyā that is to the more comprehensive technology of Civil Engineering of today have been discussed in this article. Town planning architecture and civil Engineering, soil Mechanic

ENHANCING MACHINE LEARNING PERFORMANCE: THE ROLE OF GPU-BASED AI COMPUTE ARCHITECTURES

This paper advances the field of GPU-based embedded intelligence (EI) by providing a comprehensive review of current and emerging architectures and applications. It covers key paradigms in GPU-based EI, focusing on architecture, technologies, and practical applications. The paper is structured as follows: (1) An overview and classification of GPU-based EI research, providing a broad perspective and concise summary of the paper's scope; (2) An in-depth discussion of various architectural technologies for GPU-based deep learning techniques and applications; and (3) A detailed examination of architectural technologies for GPU-based machine learning techniques and applications. This paper aims to offer valuable insights into the research area, encouraging further development of GPU-based EI for practical deployment and applications.

Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Menggunakan Framework TOGAF ADM Pada SMAN 3 Sidoarjo

Currently, SMAN 3 Sidoarjo does not have an enterprise architecture and integrated data. To increase the utilization of IT and IS at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo, development through enterprise architecture is needed. The essence of this proposal is to plan an architectural effort as an aid to improving IS and IT at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo in the future. The method used is The Open Group Architecture Framework – Architecture Development Method (TOGAF ADM). The information obtained utilizes qualitative research obtained from observations, document studies and interviews. The continued impact of this research is business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, and technology architecture. The selected design content includes application portfolio catalog, application/organization matrix, logical data diagram and computer network diagram. It is believed that this recommendation can be a reference for improving or developing IS and IT at SMAN 3 Sidoarjo to realize the vision and mission of SMAN 3 Sidoarjo through business architecture, information systems architecture and technology architecture..