Travel planning is a process that allows users to obtain maximum benefit from their time, cost and energy. When planning a route from one place to another, it is an important option to present alternative travel areas on the route. This study proposes a travel route planning (TRP) architecture using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to improve both travel efficiency and environmental sustainability in route selection. This model incorporates carbon emissions directly into the route planning process by unifying user preferences, location recommendations, route optimization, and multimodal vehicle selection within a comprehensive framework. By merging environmental sustainability with user-focused travel planning, it generates personalized, practical, and low-carbon travel routes. The carbon emissions observed with TRP’s artificial intelligence (AI) recommendation route are presented comparatively with those of the user-determined route. XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), (Extra Trees Regressor) ETR, and Multi-Layer Perception (MLP) models are applied to the TRP model. LSTM is compared with Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE) error measurements of these models are carried out, and the best result is obtained using XGBoost and LSTM. TRP enhances environmental responsibility awareness within travel planning by integrating sustainability-oriented parameters into the decision-making process. Unlike conventional reservation systems, this model encourages individuals and organizations to prioritize eco-friendly options by considering not only financial factors but also environmental and socio-cultural impacts. By promoting responsible travel behaviors and supporting the adoption of sustainable tourism practices, the proposed approach contributes significantly to the broader dissemination of environmentally conscious travel choices.

ABSTRACT In September 1951, the newspaper La Stampa published an article entitled ‘Modern Ruins’. In this piece, Mario Praz led readers on an imaginary tour of Rome, reflecting on several urban planning projects from the Ventennio. In these spaces, Praz observed a persistent ‘fabrication of the past’, the production of styles endowed with ‘a strong evocative power’. Despite its proximity, the Fascist legacy appeared as a set of distant ‘fictitious ruins’. Perhaps, he concluded, ‘tomorrow the construction will be completed … but in the meantime I seem to feel the bite of the past more closely here than among the ruins of the Via Sacra’. During the 1950s, intellectuals advocated for a break with the past not only in sociopolitical but also in architectural and urban planning discourse. However, Rome still faced a difficult issue: the unfinished buildings and urban spaces left by the Fascist regime. Drawing on Praz’s reflections, this paper examines the perceived caesura between Fascist and Republican Rome, the marginal role of iconoclasm, the choice of preservation, and the persistence of architects and engineers who survived the collapse of the regime.

The use of eye tracking technology in architectural research is innovative and allows for experiments to be conducted in the field of perception of the built environment in various aspects and scales. Designers are interested in improving the quality of proposed solutions in the field of interior design, wayfinding, and perception of the urban environment. The researcher wants to obtain measurable results that can indicate the direction of development of the proposed concepts based on the evaluation of existing solutions as well as those in the design phase. In order to effectively carry out experiments using the described technology, it is necessary to be familiar with the available research tools, techniques for conducting experiments, and the interpretation of results and their implementation in subsequent iterations of experiments or project implementations. Therefore, the author decided to prepare a review article on available technologies and research tools supported by eye tracking technology and its implementation in research in the field of architecture and urban planning. His own experience with attempts to use the tool made available for research in the form of THE EYE TRIBE with proprietary software written by professor Paweł Kasprowski (SUT - Department of Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Automation, Electronics and Computer Science ), became a pretext for seeking answers to questions concerning the diversity of eye movement recorders available on the market and their integration with software for processing and interpreting observation data. The questions raised in the article concern the cost of purchasing the system, its ease of use, and the level of integration with popular virtual environment modeling tools used to simulate spaces designed by architects and researchers of built environment perception. The fundamental issue from the researcher's point of view is whether it is possible to design and launch a research station without specialist knowledge in disciplines other than the leading ones (architecture and urban planning). If not, who should be involved in the research team in order to achieve the expected results? The final conclusions include a description of the difficulties associated with the use of the tools described and recommendations on how to organize the process of preparing and conducting experiments/research.

Reaching its tenth anniversary, the World Multidisciplinary Congress on Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urban Planning (WMCCAU 2025) represents a significant milestone in the ongoing exchange of ideas within the engineering and design community. The 2025 congress, held in Ostrava, Czech Republic, from 1 to 5 September 2025, brought together professionals and researchers to discuss new developments shaping the built environment. Selected papers presented during the congress are featured in “Inżynieria Mineralna”, highlighting a decade of shared commitment to research excellence and cross-disciplinary innovation. Throughout the congress, participants from numerous countries explored a wide range of themes connecting structural design, sustainable technologies, and urban planning. These discussions underscored how collaboration between academia and practice continues to drive progress in engineering and architecture. The papers published here underwent careful peer review, and we extend our sincere thanks to the reviewers whose expertise helped maintain the scientific integrity of each contribution. The achievements of WMCCAU 2025 reflect the collective work of many. The Scientific Committee, composed of respected scholars and practitioners from diverse backgrounds, played a key role in guiding the academic quality of the congress. Equal recognition is due to the main sponsors, LAMA Energy and LAMA Solar, whose support was invaluable, as well as 3GON Positioning, TINES, Ostrava Info, and Sevcik Transport, whose assistance contributed significantly to the successful organization of this event. With 130 published articles, the tenth edition demonstrates the growth and influence of WMCCAU as a global forum for engineering and design. We extend our appreciation to all participants for their valuable contributions and to the organizing team for their dedication and professionalism, which ensured that WMCCAU 2025 continued its legacy as a respected international congress.

Statement of the problem. In the history of human civilization, one of the main factors influencing the transformation of residential areas of any city was the family model. Its needs and capabilities in the matter of providing itself with housing depended on many other factors: economic, socio-demographic, political, technological, cultural, religious, natural and climatic, moral and ethical, military, and others. Reflections on family models included models of intra-family relationships and external social manifestations, which influenced the emergence of new types of residential buildings, the transformation of previous types of buildings, the rules for their placement in the planning structure of the city's general plan, as well as the architectural appearance of residential development as a whole. Due to constant changes in social processes, natural and climatic and other factors, living conditions permanently led to new and new revisions of the architectural and urban planning qualities of anthropogenic spaces for the life of the population of any city. This process never stopped. Moreover, it was consistently accelerated in accordance with the cycles of life styles and the peculiarities of the influence of a number of astroplanetary projections on people. In the 20th-21st centuries, the volume of information obtained as a result of human activity has many times exceeded the knowledge accumulated over almost a thousand previous years. The population's reaction to all this has led to the need for frequent revision of family models and models of living space intended for them, including residential buildings. If in past centuries the process of change was slow and society managed to adapt to it, now it is lagging behind. In its backwardness, society spontaneously searches for new models of family that are adequate to the circumstances of place and time, but not everything goes smoothly in this matter. It is time to explore a new stage in the life of the system “transformation of the family ‒ transformation of its home ‒ transformation of the residential area of ​​the city”, which continues to experience greater and greater acceleration. The aim of the article – to reveal the architectural and urban planning aspects of models of families of the future as factors in the transformation of the city’s residential area.

Using Human Factors Engineering to Enhance New Trauma Bay Effectiveness.

Enhanced Semantic Recognition of Architectural Floor Plan Recognition Using CLIP and Advanced Sampling Strategy

This study presents the planning and iterative development of an enterprise application architecture for the Billet Stacker Rail system in an aluminum manufacturing environment. The system is designed to enhance the management of billet logistics, including receiving, inspection, stacking, and transfer processes. Using the Agile methodology, particularly the Scrum framework, the development team collaborated closely with operational stakeholders to capture requirements and validate functionality through a series of Sprints. The process included modeling workflows, designing class and entity diagrams, and creating interactive user interface mockups. The system architecture was developed incrementally to support modularity, traceability, and real-time data recording. Each component from billet tracking to user management was prototyped and refined based on continuous feedback. The Agile approach facilitated rapid adjustments to changing requirements, reduced development risk, and supported a user-centered design process. The result is a robust and scalable application blueprint that aligns with the industrial environment’s needs for efficiency, reliability, and transparency in billet management operations.

Art Deco for many years has been somewhat marginalised in the mainstream history of architecture, although it has gradually gained its academic place since the late 1960s when the style was first given its appellation. This article explores an Art Deco case study through the lens of environmental sustainability, evaluating its architectural characteristics and its stylistic appeal into the twenty-first century. Daventry Court is an Art Deco apartment block in the City of Johannesburg that was built over two phases, representing two very different approaches to design, yet unified stylistically. In a fresh appraisal of its architectural merits, the building is found to be of economical planning, with a stylistic treatment that mediates between “classical moderne” and “modernism.” In an assessment of its sustainability, the building is located in a suburb that meets many of the ideals of the Compact City, with a relatively small carbon footprint. The building has retained its popularity throughout its 90 years, a factor in its continued sustainability and functionality. This resilience can be attributed to versatile architectural planning, robust engineering and construction methods, and its alignment with and adaptation to current environmental best practice.

The Career Development Center (CDC) at Ma’soem University supports students and alumni in preparing for the workforce through services such as counseling, psychological testing, tracer studies, and job vacancy information. However, the absence of an integrated system makes these services less efficient and difficult to manage. This study proposes a centralized information system using the Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) approach to support the CDC’s digital transformation. The design includes data, application, and technology architectures aimed at improving service delivery and operational performance. The system development process involves observation, interviews, business process modeling (BPMN), and data structure design (ERD). The result is a system design with key modules supported by secure technological infrastructure. The system is planned to be implemented in stages and is expected to help the CDC operate more effectively and align with the needs of the industrial sector.

Abstract This paper details the technical architecture for 'Classic Union,' a highly scalable, event-driven application designed to streamline event organization and management. The system employs a robust hybrid technology stack, utilizing Flutter for cross-platform presentation and a serverless Firebase backend (comprising Firestore, Authentication, and Cloud Functions). A local SQLite database is strategically integrated to facilitate complex querying and advanced offline data persistence. The primary architectural contribution addresses the critical challenge of high- contention concurrency risks inherent in distributed booking systems. The methodology leverages a modified Clean Architecture pattern, specifically adopting the BLoC/Cubit pattern to ensure a rigorous separation of concerns. Key transactional logic, specifically event slot reservation and secure payment processing, is securely elevated to Firebase Cloud Functions (CF). This server-side approach guarantees data integrity by implementing atomic transactions for concurrency mitigation and secure webhook integration (Stripe) for payment finalization. The resultant system is engineered for exceptional maintainability, resilience against typical race conditions, cost optimization through selective local data caching, and seamless scalability necessary for supporting large-scale event operations.

Photogrammetry is a mapping method that utilizes photographic images to generate three-dimensional (3D) models. In this study, the photogrammetry method is used to create a 3D model of the STMIK TIME campus buildings to document and visualize the structures digitally. The process of creating the 3D model begins with image acquisition using a digital camera, followed by processing with photogrammetry software to generate point clouds, meshes, and textured models. The final result of this research is a 3D model of the STMIK TIME campus, which can be used for various purposes such as architectural planning, building preservation, and visual simulation. Based on the evaluation conducted, the resulting 3D model demonstrates a high level of accuracy in representing the actual building structure. Thus, the photogrammetry method has proven to be an effective technique for creating 3D building models at a more affordable cost compared to conventional 3D modeling techniques.

This article examines and contextualizes the Swedish architect Gustaf Linden’s domestic architecture of the 1920s through the lens of contemporary planning and housing discourse. In addition to developing the first general city plan for Linköping in 1923, Linden sought to create affordable, good housing for the working class, who was affected by overcrowding and inferior dwellings. The two residential areas Linden designed in Linköping were influenced by international planning ideals, the urban garden movement and the stylistic principles of Nordic Classicism. Although Gustaf Linden is mentioned in several surveys of urban planning and architectural history, his specific contributions to domestic architecture have received limited attention. His thorough planning of residential architecture surrounded by green spaces, shows a social-esthetic ideal that was partially lost when the pace of development increased. Furthermore, Linden’s view on architecture may offer valuable insights for contemporary discussions on urban planning and sustainable housing.

This study aims to determine the effects of working from home/remotely on the spatial preferences and housing satisfaction of residential users in the post-Pandemic period. It is assumed that the working from home arrangement, which has become rapidly widespread during the Pandemic, may lead to significant changes in the desires and requirements of individuals regarding the spaces they live in. In order to test this assumption, a post-Pandemic process evaluation survey was applied to 186 users living in Konya Selçuk University TOKİ residences. The data obtained from the surveys were then analyzed with the SPSS program. As a result, it was determined that there were significant differences in the preferences of individuals working remotely regarding issues such as additional rooms and changes in the architectural plan, the type of housing and the equipment used, and satisfaction with the architectural plan. These results show that considering remote working in the planning phase of all residential spaces can increase user satisfaction and comfort levels. In this context, it can be suggested to develop flexible, changeable, multifunctional and customizable approaches in residential space design.

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of infection control practices in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs). This study examined SNF administrator perspectives on implementing built environment strategies to manage and mitigate COVID-19 transmission into and within their facility. Semi-structured interviews with SNF administrators were conducted between July 2020-December 2021. Administrators emphasized (1) the effective implementation of built environment strategies for quarantine and isolation protocols, (2) facility-level modifications used to manage and mitigate COVID-19 transmission, and (3) the challenges posed by outdated or high-density building layouts. Insights from this study’s findings suggest important considerations for SNF architectural modifications and design as a mechanism for infection control. Thoughtful SNF architectural planning and design are critically important for the long-term care industry to expand and successfully meet the future challenges of pandemics, severe weather events, and other public health emergencies.

Accessibility for wheelchair users is a crucial aspect of inclusive hospitality facility design, especially in countries with an aging population such as Singapore. With 13.3% of the population aged over 50 in 2024 and a projected 28.6% by 2030, the need for accessible spaces is becoming increasingly urgent. This study employed a content analysis method with a descriptive approach, in which the architectural floor plan of the Pan Pacific Orchard Hotel was redrawn and overlaid against the accessibility standards set by the Building and Construction Authority. The evaluation focused on five key elements: safety, visual focal points, corridors, cores, and user well-being. The findings indicate that the hotel not only meets technical accessibility requirements but also successfully integrates aesthetic elements with safety functions. Reflectively, this study highlights how the application of universal design can contribute to the creation of inclusive, meaningful, and adaptive spatial experiences for users with limited mobility. As such, the hotel serves as a model of design that promotes sustainability and competitiveness in the global hospitality sector.

The occurrence of major fires with fatalities in Brazil has sparked interest in the evolution of scientific knowledge on fire safety in buildings (SCI). In this context, this paper addresses the state of the art on this topic as a subject of study in academic master's and doctoral research in graduate programs in Brazil. The intention is to identify the dimension and scope of this scientific field in the generation of qualified knowledge, as well as its evolution over the years. Through a systematic review of the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations database, followed by exploratory research, it was found that the topic has been the subject of study in graduate programs in a wide range of fields, with a higher frequency in civil engineering than in architecture and urban planning. It was concluded that, according to the parameters of this systematic review, most SCI research is concentrated in the Southeast of the country, at the University of São Paulo (USP) and the Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP).

Abstract. Manual annotation of 3D point clouds is essential for creating high-quality datasets used in training machine learning models for semantic classification. Despite the development of various annotation tools (ranging from research prototypes to commercial platforms) their usability, functionality, and availability vary greatly depending on users’ technical expertise and the intended application. This study presents a comparative evaluation of manual point cloud annotation tools, focusing on their effectiveness for users with limited Geomatics experience, such as architecture and urban planning professionals. The research encompasses both literature-based and market-driven analyses to identify prevalent tools, including opensource, commercial, and web-based solutions. Eight selected platforms (CloudCompare, QGIS, ArcGIS Pro, Autodesk ReCap Pro, Leica Cyclone 3DReshaper, GreenValley LiDAR360, TerraScan, and Pointly) were tested on two case studies: an indoor university office and an outdoor urban area in Mantova, Italy. Tools were assessed considering usability, interface design, supported formats, classification capabilities, and required user expertise. Results highlight differences in usability and performance. The study concludes that tool selection should align with user expertise, project scale, and environmental complexity. Findings aim to support informed software choices for professionals in built heritage, architecture, and urban studies requiring reliable manual point cloud annotation solutions.

Abstract. This paper introduces an integrated digital reconstruction of the ancient city of Pergamon, combining Virtual Reality (VR), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and photorealistic 3D modeling to establish a historically informed and immersive virtual environment. Beginning with the production of precise architectural plans using AutoCAD®, the project develops detailed three-dimensional models of major Hellenistic and Roman-era structures—such as the Temple of Athena, the Altar of Zeus, and the Pergamon Theatre—through 3ds Max® and Blender®, followed by their spatial deployment in Unreal Engine®, incorporating terrain data, realistic lighting, and authentic textures. To elevate user engagement, historically accurate avatars were created using Character Creator® and animated with iClone®, while AI capabilities were integrated via Unreal Engine® and Convai® to allow real-time, context-sensitive interaction with users. These AI-driven characters function as narrative agents, guiding visitors through the virtual city and delivering interpretive content tied to specific landmarks. The resulting platform not only reconstructs architectural forms but also revives elements of social life and public space, offering an experiential mode of engagement with ancient urbanism. By uniting archaeological data, digital media, and conversational AI, this study exemplifies how emerging technologies can expand both the pedagogical and experiential dimensions of cultural heritage interpretation.

Urban morphology, the study of the physical form of cities and their transformation over time, has emerged as a multidisciplinary field bridging architecture, geography, and urban planning. Three dominant global traditions the Conzenian school of Britain and Germany, the Muratorian school of Italy, and the French school of socio-spatial analysis have shaped the discipline with distinct analytical frameworks. While these approaches have been widely applied in Europe and North America, their presence in India remains fragmented and inconsistent. This paper undertakes a comparative literature-based review of global morphological traditions and examines their limited but notable applications in the Indian context. The review highlights that most Indian studies are concentrated in heritage precincts, colonial towns, and hill settlements, with limited engagement in peri-urban or informal contexts. Moreover, much of the scholarship is descriptive rather than methodological, rarely employing systematic analytical tools from global morphological traditions. The analysis identifies three persistent gaps: (i) the absence of an India-specific morphological framework, (ii) poor integration of morphological insights into planning regulations and building bye-laws, and (iii) minimal use of contemporary digital tools such as GIS, LiDAR, and space syntax. The paper concludes by proposing a research agenda that emphasizes methodological localization, technological integration, and stronger linkages with sustainability and climate-responsive planning in India’s rapidly urbanizing landscapes.