Architectural Magazines Research Articles

NARRATIVE TAKES COMMAND: REVISITING MANPLAN AND FOTOROMANZO, PHOTO SEQUENCES IN ARCHITECTURAL MAGAZINES AROUND 1970

The 1960s testified an important change in architectural representation and more widely in the discipline’s periodical press. The themes, the approach, the graphics and the materiality itself of many European magazines shifted and were contaminated by the profound cultural and societal changes of the moment, as the Clip/Stamp/Fold’s selection largely demonstrates. Indeed, a large number of issues incorporated society matters and no longer restrained themselves to the architectural object. The role of photography in this process is widely recognised, as proven by the images used by the Smithsons on the IX CIAM’s grid. Authors refer that architectural photography increasingly resembles photojournalism in the late 1960s, depicting people not buildings. This communication proposes an analysis of cases of architectural publications where a series of photos is organised sequentially, building true narrative sequences. The representation of an urban space through several frames, like the ones popularised in Townscape, such is the movement inside a building that we can identify through the organisation of a series of photos that will condition the way we perceive a certain architecture. However, we will concentrate our attention in examples of photo essays that is more clearly identified as photo stories or fotoromanzi / fotonovela. We will focus in two examples. The first is Manplan, an eight-issue long series of The Architectural Review, published between 1969 and 1970. One of “the bravest moment in architectural publishing”, this sort of “dark manifesto” in a practise magazine, attempts to re-define a series of categories – health, welfare, education, housing, communications, industry and religion. By articulating black and white photos with a text that extends through the pages of each entire issue, the essays (especially the first one) succeed in creating an impact in readers unused to that approach in an architectural magazine. The second example is the collection of three Fotoromanzi produced by the Italian radical group Strum as a participation in the MoMA’s 1972 exhibition Italy: the New Domestic Landscape, after reproduced in Mendini’s Casabella. Associating an equal amount of text and photos in a comicslike sequence, the architects attempt to disseminate quite dense essays on housing problems in Turin, Utopia and the city appropriating a form of communication that was quite popular at the time. Although those cases are very different in nature, context and form, we argue that they both demonstrate that the incorporation of narrative sequences through images, even when dealing with issues that might appear not central in architecture or “on the surface” of the discipline, can be powerful attempts to strike right in the core of the architect’s activity.

中国農村部における希望学校の計画・建設プロセス

With the rapidly developing economy in China, the gap between the rich and the poor is becoming wider and wider. At the same time, the gap of education and school facilities between urban area and rural area is also widening. The reform of education has been carried out for about 30 years, but the development of the education facilities and space in urban area has stagnated for a long time. On the other hand, in rural area, with the outside help of architects and NGO, many creative school facilities have been built, which are rare in urban area and called by Hope Primary School (those are built in poverty-stricken rural areas of China and funded by charities in order to help children whose families are too poor to afford the tuition to complete elementary school education, hereinafter referred to as HPS). Many of these HPSs were built after the Sichuan and Qinghai earthquake. The paper intends to clarify the composition and the character of HPSs' architecture spaces and the process of the planning and constructions of HPSs in order to break the standard school planning for future school building. The methods of this paper include: 1) picked up 31 HPSs from architecture magazines and literatures, analyzed the geographical position, design concept, architecture space of them, and the planning methods of HPSs which are based on cooperation between schools and local society. 2) interviewed 13 architectural designers who designed HPSs, clarified the sequence of the project starting, the background and the process of the planning and constructions of HPSs. 3) implemented a field survey on the current situation and actual status of use of 14 HPSs. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In the starting of the process, the way that designers enter into the projects and their role are very important. At the beginning of HPSs' project, most of designers were chosen by NGOs / donators according open competitions except those who start the projects themselves. After that, the chosen designers will find problems on local education and society, decide location and scale of schools, and submit design proposal. The above features promote the functioning of the schools and reflect the involved local traditional cultures. (2) The valuable creation of various spaces is resulted from the designers' initiative of planning process. Although the low cost set a limit to the design, the designers succeeded in creating school architectures by introducing local traditional culture and features into the school planning through using local architecture materials and construction methods and employing local residents and contractors. (3) Taking not only the public budgets but also various construction funds promote forming a more democratic process of school planning. (4) The participation of local residents and contractors in the process of the planning and constructions promotes creating the school planning which will satisfy various needs of local society, connect with local traditional culture, and support cooperation programs and exchange activities between HPSs and communities. (5) There are various clients and various methods to start the project of HPSs. However, the design process and the way of getting the construction funds have not been systematized yet. The cost connecting to schools' quality is overall low, and the gap is still big.

RESEARCH ON PLEASANT DARKNESS IN A RESTAURANT

Along with the development of lighting engineering during the high-growth period of the Japanese economy, the idea of "the brighter, the better" has become the paradigm. Darkness has been an essential part of Japanese architecture, to reveal its soft lighting distribution and to show expressions of texture being used. Several studies on darkness have been carried out to show the evaluation items, and shown that pleasant darkness depends on behaviors and lighting methods. Yet, these studies do not clarify the quantitative lighting environment range of pleasant darkness. Therefore, this research aims to show the pleasant darkness range depending on the lighting method and behavior of the room. Most standards use illuminance; yet, most designers agree that illuminance is not enough for designing, and researchers point out that luminance is more related to brightness of space. Therefore, within this research, lighting environment is defined not only by illuminance levels, but also with luminance distributions and several indices derived from them. The preliminary survey was conducted to define the target usage for the experiment. From the result of brain storming of "dark space", and pleasantness evaluation of it, a restaurant was set to be the target of this experiment. As a result of further literature survey of architectural magazines, three most popular lighting methods were selected to be the experimental setting. 1. Using spot light to lighten the table top, 2. uniformal light with down light and 3. spot light for table and indirect light for lightening walls. The first experiment was undertaken to select the most suitable experimental method and to verify the range of darkness. Experimental apparatuses were set as follows: square room with the white interior, a square table with food models, one spot light lightening the table top, and each participant eating with a mannequin as an accompanying person. 20 subjects were asked about the lighting environment using the adjustment method and the constant method. As a result, the existence of pleasant and dark lighting environments was shown using both experimental methods. The pleasant darkness range derived from constant method were between 120 to 151 lx and that of adjustment method were between 133 to 159 lx. For shortening experimental time and getting the precise threshold value, the experimental method of the second experiment was set to be the adjustment method. The second experimental was performed to see the relationship between the pleasant darkness and the lighting method and assumed behaviors. Three lighting methods and four behaviors (eating, drinking, chatting and relaxing) were set, and 20 subjects were asked to adjust until they reached the threshold value of darkness with ascending and descending series. The same procedure was taken for the pleasantness value. Using the logistic analysis, the pleasant darkness range were derived. ANOVA showed that the darkness threshold value and the pleasantness threshold value differed, and that these results were valid. The average luminance range was 5 ~ 17 cd/m2. According to the main visual target, the most-fit lighting environmental index differs. Experimental values were compared with the standards. The experimental results shows that subjects felt pleasant even if the average illuminance level is lower than the standard level. On the other hand, AIJES suggests the usage of average luminance of the interior surfaces. The experimental results showed that pleasant luminance level differs by the lighting method being used. Further investigations using different interior materials and different levels of brightness is needed.

A Study on the Trend Analysis of Rural Houses in the Architectural Magazines

A Study on the Trend Analysis of Rural Houses in the Architectural Magazines

Facilitating well-being at the second home: the role of architectural design

Many studies have examined the benefits of second home ownership (here taken to mean those used primarily for the purpose of leisure and recreation rather than investment), and references to such second homes as sanctuaries and places of physical and psychological rejuvenation are common. This is frequently attributed to the physical landscape and natural environment the second home is located in; it is argued that re-connecting with nature has both tangible and intangible therapeutic benefits. However, the significance of the architectural design element of second homes in facilitating a sense of well-being has been overlooked in the literature. Representations of well-being at the second home in an architectural context are examined in this study, through a thematic analysis of second home articles in New Zealand’s first architecture and lifestyle magazine (Home New Zealand) from 1936 to 2015. The paper presents evidence that design elements may enhance benefits for well-being – whether those elements are architect-initiated or in response to a design brief from the owners. Furthermore, through taking a longitudinal approach, the study finds that designing for well-being at the second home has changed over the years, from a focus on physical well-being (health) to increasing emphasis on psychological well-being.

INVENTÁRIO DOS BENS CULTURAIS RELATIVOS AO PLANO DE AÇÃO DO GOVERNO CARVALHO PINTO (1959-1963)

O inventário desta documentação revela as diretrizes e ações de um importante Plano de Governo nunca antes perscrutado. O Plano de Ação do Governo Carvalho Pinto (1959-1963) – PAGE, como era conhecido – teve por objetivo a criação de uma tecnocracia democrática para racionalizar o serviço público e promover o desenvolvimento do Estado de São Paulo, cujos investimentos foram estruturados em três setores: 1- melhoria das condições do Homem, que incluía as áreas de educação, cultura e pesquisa; justiça e segurança; saúde pública e assistência social, e sistemas de água e esgoto; 2- infraestrutura, abrangendo energia; ferrovias; rodovias; pontes municipais; aeroportos, portos e navegação; e 3- expansão agrícola. Esses investimentos resultaram em mais de mil projetos, envolvendo cerca de 160 arquitetos, que nunca foram estudados no seu conjunto. Não mais que uma dezena é conhecida pela notoriedade de seus autores e ainda assim quase nunca relacionada ao PAGE. Dispersas em centenas de municípios do estado de São Paulo, essas obras têm sua documentação também espalhada por diversos arquivos públicos: IPESP; FECE; CPOS; SEF-USP; secretarias da Agricultura e da Saúde, além dos arquivos dos próprios arquitetos. Periódicos especializados, a grande imprensa e os depoimentos dos vários envolvidos têm revelado aspectos desconhecidos e importantes para a restituição do processo. O inventário, que vem sendo realizado sob a coordenação do IAU-USP em parceria com a FAU-USP, com apoio da Fapesp e do Condephaat, tem reunido extensa e diversificada documentação inédita que contribui ao estudo da arquitetura moderna brasileira e abre inúmeras oportunidades de pesquisa e de revisão da história desse período.

Our Car Culture Is Not a Problem

The author tells of how he once loved the Case Study houses, commissioned from several modern architects by Arts & Architecture magazine in the years after World War II with the goal of developing a new style of housing in southern California, and why he eventually came to see those houses as part of what holds Los Angeles and other Californian cities back from classically urban levels of density and functionality. He argues that the “house culture” instilled by the Case Study houses and other single-use, single-family-house-oriented forms of residential architecture have caused more problems for the Californian city than even its oft-criticized “car culture.”

Swedish Architecture in Nordic Contexts 1930–1950

SummaryThis is a contribution to the study of how the history of Swedish architecture was written in the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, and Norway) in the 1930s and 1940s. The key sources in this article are architectural magazines that were published in each of these countries as well as proceedings from the Nordic Building Day conferences. They provide new insights into the writing of Swedish architectural history from a Nordic perspective.

Histories of Exchange

During World War II, interest in indigenous South African architecture deepened, leading to studies that challenged modernism and influenced architectural design. Histories of Exchange: Indigenous South Africa in the South African Architectural Record and the Architectural Review remaps the tension between modern and indigenous cultures during the 1940s and 1950s, examining the diaspora of ideas between South Africa and Britain and revealing a new genealogy of postwar architecture. Elisa Dainese addresses indigenous South African architecture as it was seen in the postwar years from the perspectives of two architectural magazines. In doing so, she provides a new theoretical framework that probes the role of architectural journals, considering them as alternative spaces where contact took place among European and African cultures.

조경전문잡지를 통해 본 조경시설물의 변화 및 요인 연구

조경전문잡지를 통해 본 조경시설물의 변화 및 요인 연구

Architectural Magazines and the Concept of Design in Croatia 1945–1980

April 01 2015 Architectural Magazines and the Concept of Design in Croatia 1945–1980 Alen Žunić, Alen Žunić Alen Žunić earned a Masters degree in Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb (summa cum laude), and is now a post-graduate student at Harvard University GSD with a major in theory and philosophy of design. He has published scholary papers on modern and contemporary architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries, including Anthological Architectural Guide to Zagreb (co-author with Z. Karać, 2012) and (Con)Text of Architecture (2015). He has participated in several international conferences and attended architectural workshops (e.g., ETH, AA, etc.). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Fedja Vukić Fedja Vukić Fedja Vukić is associate professor of design theory and history at the Graduate School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Vukić got his PhD at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and was a Fellow of The Wolfsonian Foundation Research Centre, Miami Beach, Florida in 1995. Fedja publishes reviews and scholar papers on visual communications and design in Croatian and international magazines. He has published and edited several books including, Modern Zagreb 1992, A Century of Croatian Design (1996), Zagreb-Modernity and the City (2003), Modernism in Practice (2008), and Design Theory and History, A Critical Anthology (2013). Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Scholar Author and Article Information Alen Žunić Alen Žunić earned a Masters degree in Architecture at the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb (summa cum laude), and is now a post-graduate student at Harvard University GSD with a major in theory and philosophy of design. He has published scholary papers on modern and contemporary architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries, including Anthological Architectural Guide to Zagreb (co-author with Z. Karać, 2012) and (Con)Text of Architecture (2015). He has participated in several international conferences and attended architectural workshops (e.g., ETH, AA, etc.). Fedja Vukić Fedja Vukić is associate professor of design theory and history at the Graduate School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb, Croatia. Vukić got his PhD at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and was a Fellow of The Wolfsonian Foundation Research Centre, Miami Beach, Florida in 1995. Fedja publishes reviews and scholar papers on visual communications and design in Croatian and international magazines. He has published and edited several books including, Modern Zagreb 1992, A Century of Croatian Design (1996), Zagreb-Modernity and the City (2003), Modernism in Practice (2008), and Design Theory and History, A Critical Anthology (2013). Online ISSN: 1531-4790 Print ISSN: 0747-9360 © 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2015 Design Issues (2015) 31 (2): 88–100. https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00324 Cite Icon Cite Permissions Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Search Site Citation Alen Žunić, Fedja Vukić; Architectural Magazines and the Concept of Design in Croatia 1945–1980. Design Issues 2015; 31 (2): 88–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.1162/DESI_a_00324 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsDesign Issues Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2015 Massachusetts Institute of Technology2015 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Salas de cine en publicaciones de arquitectura de los años treinta. Una mirada al caso de los cinéac

Durante el primer cuarto del siglo XX, las salas de cine se caracterizaron por su lujo y monumentalidad, así como por alcanzar capacidades de aforo para miles de espectadores. En los años treinta, se originó en los países europeos una variante tipológica conocida como Cinéac (contracción de ciné et actualités). La arquitectura de los Cinéac y la mediatización de la cual fueron objeto, específicamente en Francia y Bélgica, se abordan mediante la revisión sistemática de revistas de arquitectura de la época, así como en la literatura especializada que se ocupaba de mostrar los avances en arquitectura teatral y de cinemas. En el texto se exponen los antecedentes de los Cinéac y su rol en la transición hacia una arquitectura de cinemas moderada y de menor escala; se destaca la obra de los arquitectos Siclis y De Montaut & Gorska y finaliza con una revisión de la arquitectura exterior de los Cinéac.

비정형 건축물 공사의 생산성 분석 및 향상방안 - 노출콘크리트 공사를 중심으로 -

2007년 독일의 건축 잡지 바우넷에서 선정한 세계 5대 설계사들의 2006 ~ 2010년 설계한 전체 설계 중 25%가 비정형 건축물로, 비정형 건축물은 도시, 국가의 랜드마크로서 그 사회적, 경제적 파급효과가 매우 크다. 국내 또한 인천세계도시축전 기념관, 킨텍스 제2전시관, 동대문디자인 플라자 등 비정형 건축물이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 설계 트렌드 및 증가하고 있는 비정형 건축물의 수요에 반해 이를 충족할 만한 비정형 건축 프로젝트의 설계 및 시공 관리 경험 부족으로 인해 비정형 프로젝트는 수익성을 기대하기 어렵고, 완공 후에도 많은 문제들이 부각되고 있다. 특히 국내 인력의 비정형 프로젝트 수행 경험부족으로 인해 불확실한 공사비 예측, 설계 과다변경 등으로 인해 완공 후에도 품질 문제를 비롯한 공사비 상승 관련 문제들이 계속 발생하고 있으며, 이와 같은 비정형 건축물의 특성을 고려하지 못한 초기 계획은 프로젝트 수행 시 실제와 그 차이가 커 프로젝트 관리 리스크로 작용하지만 아직 비정형 건축물 프로젝트 관련 실적자료나 사례분석 자료 구축은 미비로 인해 어려움을 겪고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 비정형 건축물 공사 중 생산성이 낮은 공종을 선정하여 작업 프로세스 분석 및 실제 현장 생산성 자료 분석을 통해 실질적인 생산성 자료 구축 및 비정형 건축물 공사 생산성 향상 방안을 제시하고자 한다. The Global's top five Design Firms selected from BauNetz a German architectural magazine in 2007 designed free form building design which was 25% of the overall design by 2006-2010. Free form building is a landmark of the city and the country so its social and economic impacts are very large. In case of Korea, free form buildings such as Tribowl in Incheon, KINTEX Exhibition hall 2 and Dongdaemun Design Plaza have increased. However, those the increase in design trends and, the needs due to the lack of free form building design and construction management experience, free form building projects can't be expected to profitability and have a number of problems after completion. Especially, there are many excessive quality problems and the rising cost due to design changes frequently and lack of experience and data. Thus an initial plan regardless of considering of free form building's characteristics can be a huge risk because of the difference with the plan and actual projects, yet there aren't free form building project's performance data and case studies related to productivity. In this study, through selection of low-construction productivity works and an analysis of the work process and productivity data, hope to propose an actual field productivity of free form building and the ways to improve productivity.

Urban villages in China: guidelines for an alternative to current demolition strategies

In the past few years, international journals have published numerous theoretical analyses on China’s urban villages. Architectural magazines featured practical redesigns for specific urban village sites. While the two elements could mutually reinforce each other, no research was published that combined general analysis with practical design in a systematic way. This study aims at bridging this gap and uses research and design as two interrelated components of one study to find an alternative to current demolition strategies. A literature overview and analysis of two urban villages in Shenzhen and Guangzhou formed the basis for a set of guidelines. These guidelines were tested during the design process of an urban village in Chongqing and afterwards adjusted, when needed. In this way, the resulting alternative scenario that is rooted in both theory and design provided a practical tool that aims for gradual and adaptable development while maintaining current qualities of urban villages.

Eastern in the West, Western in the East: Deliberate and Ambivalent Facets of the Identity of Early Republican Turkey Abroad

AbstractThis paper represents an attempt to reflect on the Turkish identity in the formation period of the Republic, from its constitution in 1923 until 1939. The discussion is focused around two buildings that were constructed in 1939, both of which were built abroad to represent the new state; the Embassy of Turkey in Tehran and the Turkish pavilion at the New York World’s Fair. These buildings were both featured in the same issue of the architectural magazine Mimar, and offer a fruitful starting point for delving into historical and theoretical issues in identity discourse. That said, the paper goes beyond merely analyzing the different formal vocabularies and personalities of the different architects and patrons involved in commissioning these structures. Rather than addressing only the different cultural and architectural responses to the contemporary national identity debate, the paper will also consider the question of whether the host countries and the addressees of these rather symbolic buildings also had a role in their design and evaluation stages. In other words, the study aims to understand how representation in a location in the “West” or in the “East” affects the identity of a nation characterized by its duality of “West” and “East.”

Review: Designing Tomorrow: America’s World’s Fairs of the 1930s and Designing Tomorrow: America’s World’s Fairs of the 1930s

Designing Tomorrow: America’s World’s Fairs of the 1930s National Building Museum, Washington, D.C. 2 October 2010–10 July 2011 Museum of the City of New York, New York 5 December 2012–31 March 2013 A rich selection of images greeted visitors to the Museum of the City of New York from 5 December 2012 to 31 March 2013. Hints of American fairs’ modernist glamor shown in scenic renderings in the entrance hall forecast more pictures in the main display room. On the perimeter walls of a large gallery, black-and-white photographs illustrated American fairs of the 1930s: Chicago’s Century of Progress (1934–34), San Diego’s California Pacific International Exposition (1935–36), Dallas’s Texas Centennial Exposition (1936), Cleveland’s Great Lakes Exposition (1936–37), San Francisco’s Golden Gate International Exposition, and New York City’s World of Tomorrow (both 1939–40). On intermediate partitions, visitors saw renderings of vistas and individual pavilions, objects displayed at the fairs, and advertisements for sponsors’ products. Here and there, they paused to see short news and commercial films, although in the well-filled room, no seats could be provided. Souvenir brochures, booklets, catalogs, and commemorative trinkets appeared near the entrance and in vitrines. Captions to the photographs and short wall-mounted essays offered explanatory information. Crowded captions and pictures made the former sometimes hard to read, dissuading many visitors from learning more about the content of some of the images. The fraternal twin exhibitions in Washington and New York gave a coordinated overview of the fairs, almost as if they were one fair with varied sections. Laura Schiavo and Deborah Sorensen curated the initial and somewhat larger exhibition at the National Building Museum; Jessica Lautin played the same role in New York City. This later version included additional locally pertinent material. A well-illustrated catalogue contained essays on various topics; those not mentioned later in this review are the introduction by Robert W. Rydell; “ ‘Industry Applies’: Corporate Marketing at A Century of Progress,” by Lisa D. Schrenk; a photo-essay by Laura Burd Schiavo titled “Modern Design Goes Public”; Kristina …

Un triángulo estratégico para una inserción cultural Organización gremial, revistas de arquitectura y modernidad 1907-1942

The Guild of Architects sponsored the creation of local architecture magazines in the first half ofthe twentieth century which encouraged modern architecture in Chile, building, a strategic triangle for the cultural integration of the profession and modern architecture in the country in that period.

Reading and Writing Architecture. Polish Architectural Magazines (1945-1989)

Despite being very extensive, the literature that discusses Polish town planning and architecture, especially that of the post-war years is fragmentary and incomplete, i.e. there are no synthetic studies of this period and the materials are dispersed. During the time in question, over a dozen magazines were published that focused, to a lesser or greater extent, on matters related to urban planning and architecture. e rst architectural magazines in communist Poland were printed soon after World War II, in 1947.1 eir contribution to the recording of spatial phenomena in the People’s Republic of Poland [Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, abbreviated as PRL], to the presentation of theoretical approaches and professional discussions, as well as to architectural education is of great and undeniable importance.

民家再生に学ぶ

This paper is aimed to obtain an idea of refurbished traditional timber houses -it called Minka Saisei- for cross-sectional discussion of the theme. Firstly it grasped the case from “Jutaku-Kenchiku” architectural magazine since 1980's. And it is shown that Minka Saisei is positioned in the architectural movement by various architectural practicing. Secondly, it is aware of the characteristics of architectural space and architectural design through the works; Furihata Architecture and architect group Kominka Saisei kobo. It shows the image of modern lifestyle and senses through the architect. It can be said that characteristics of Minka Saisei, and there is extracted by passing the mind of architects, the beauty of Minka. At the same time, it is shown the richness of the space of the original Minka that allows the design and modern life.

On What and How. Architectural Magazines in the School Library (1945-1989)

On What and How. Architectural Magazines in the School Library (1945-1989)