Architectural Inventory Research Articles

Architectural heritage: log houses of the Warmia Region. A report from research workshops

The report concerns a research workshop attended by students of the Faculty of Architecture at Warsaw University of Technology. The workshop took place on 10–23 July 2023. During the workshop, among others, an architectural inventory of three Warmian log houses dating from the 2nd half of 19th century was made, ethnographic interviews with the inhabitants of analyzed houses were performed. The performed research aimed at documenting the existing but still disappearing heritage of log houses in Warmia, and at recognition of the structure of buildings and history of inhabiting them since they had been built. Threads of Warmian social identity were investigated – whether it was present or missing. The workshop resulted in a material that will be useful in further research. The graphical documentations of the houses were delivered to the house owners. The original drawings are archived at the Faculty of Architecture of Warsaw University of Technology. The overall outcome of that event is also a valuable experience for the participants and the inhabitants. All those actions aim to enrich the awareness of the log houses heritage in the region, especially among local communities, and to recognize relations of identities of researched houses with the cultural landscape of a land – here in Warmia as an example.

Pendampingan Inventarisasi Data Grafis Bangunan Rumah Kampung Adat Kranggan

Kampong Kranggan is a traditional village in Bekasi City that still survives with the building of stilt houses and the Babaritan ceremony as a cultural ritual. Architectural resilience amidst the modernization of urban areas makes this traditional village unique and has a distinctive character. The community service carried out aims to carry out an architectural inventory of the graphic data on the building of the Kranggan traditional village house architecturally. With a sustainable mentoring model, the inventory of traditional houses is a preservation database. Community service uses a participatory method approach, which applies observation and interviews as instruments for processing and presenting data. Stages of architectural surveys, measurements, sketches, and photo documentation, by involving the owners of traditional house buildings in a participatory manner. From the results of the data collection, a focus group discussion was carried out to dig up in-depth information, and an inventory of data was carried out by digitally depicting the shape of buildings and areas. The result of this community service is the availability of graphical data for the people of the Kranggan Traditional Village and the Jatirangga Village government. The process of community service is expected to be able to encourage increased awareness, initiatives, innovation, and community participation in the preservation of cultural heritage and increase the usability of house buildings as community assets in the development of the creative economy become the basis for the Kampong Kranggan Traditional Village preservation movement and of course, can be used in regional planning in the City Bekasi.

Architectural Inventories. Evolution of Graphic Documentation of Heritage

One of the main problems of the inventory of architectural heritage is managing and storing large amounts of information in different formats, in addition to the need to organize and manage the information generated by collaborative work between the different technicians who participate in the documentation process. The solution involves the development of a model capable of incorporating information on a layered support and allowing analysis and management, as well as interoperability between tools and other systems throughout the entire life cycle of the building. To carry out this work, two methodologies have been selected to verify their effectiveness in the field of architectural heritage inventory, covering the specific needs of generating a complete graphic database of the building. The Arches platform, a free open source software developed to carry out inventories, has been chosen for its interoperability, specificity and all the characteristics and functions described above. In turn, a WebGIS has been developed using free software standards and technology, to examine the possibilities it offers in relation to specific inventory programs. As a result, the creation of an Information System of the Mudejar Architectural Heritage of Aragón has been proposed, with the purpose of integrating under a common support, all the documentation and graphic information available on the heritage asset. The research limitations are the creation of a geo-referenced database, with geometric information on each building, which addresses the cataloguing of more than 200 assets, due to the uniqueness of this architectural style. The information is stored complying with the documentation standards to ensure interoperability and accessibility to the data.

A distinct assembly pathway of the human 39S late pre-mitoribosome

Assembly of the mitoribosome is largely enigmatic and involves numerous assembly factors. Little is known about their function and the architectural transitions of the pre-ribosomal intermediates. Here, we solve cryo-EM structures of the human 39S large subunit pre-ribosomes, representing five distinct late states. Besides the MALSU1 complex used as bait for affinity purification, we identify several assembly factors, including the DDX28 helicase, MRM3, GTPBP10 and the NSUN4-mTERF4 complex, all of which keep the 16S rRNA in immature conformations. The late transitions mainly involve rRNA domains IV and V, which form the central protuberance, the intersubunit side and the peptidyltransferase center of the 39S subunit. Unexpectedly, we find deacylated tRNA in the ribosomal E-site, suggesting a role in 39S assembly. Taken together, our study provides an architectural inventory of the distinct late assembly phase of the human 39S mitoribosome.

A structural inventory of native ribosomal ABCE1‐43S pre‐initiation complexes

In eukaryotic translation, termination and ribosome recycling phases are linked to subsequent initiation of a new round of translation by persistence of several factors at ribosomal sub‐complexes. These comprise/include the large eIF3 complex, eIF3j (Hcr1 in yeast) and the ATP‐binding cassette protein ABCE1 (Rli1 in yeast). The ATPase is mainly active as a recycling factor, but it can remain bound to the dissociated 40S subunit until formation of the next 43S pre‐initiation complexes. However, its functional role and native architectural context remains largely enigmatic. Here, we present an architectural inventory of native yeast and human ABCE1‐containing pre‐initiation complexes by cryo‐EM. We found that ABCE1 was mostly associated with early 43S, but also with later 48S phases of initiation. It adopted a novel hybrid conformation of its nucleotide‐binding domains, while interacting with the N‐terminus of eIF3j. Further, eIF3j occupied the mRNA entry channel via its ultimate C‐terminus providing a structural explanation for its antagonistic role with respect to mRNA binding. Overall, the native human samples provide a near‐complete molecular picture of the architecture and sophisticated interaction network of the 43S‐bound eIF3 complex and the eIF2 ternary complex containing the initiator tRNA.

Nüfus Mübadelesi Sonrası Yunanistan Veria (Karaferye) Şehrinde Ev Olarak Kullanılan Camiler

Dinî yapı türleri arasında camilerin ibadet amaçlı kullanımları dışında, yeniden işlevlendirilmeleri dinî değerinden dolayı hassasiyet taşımakla birlikte, çok aykırı bir fonksiyonel kullanımı olmaması önemlidir. Balkanlardaki somut kültürel mirasımızın önemli erken tarihli örneklerinden Yunanistan’ın Karaferye şehrinde inşa edilen dört caminin, mübadele sonrası ev olarak halen kullanılması bu çalışmanın konusudur. Osmanlı mimari kültürel çeşitliğinin somut kanıtları camilerin farklı bir işlev verilerek, mesken/konut olarak kullanılması kültürel mirasın korunması çalışmalarının tartışmalı konularından biridir. Türkiye-Yunanistan arasında 30 Ocak 1923’te imzalanan Nüfus Mübadelesi Anlaşması sonrasında, Yunanistan’da bıraktığımız kültürel mimari envanterin uğradığı fonksiyonel farklılıkları izlemek, dönüştürülme sürecinin doğru tanımlanması ve camilerin kültürel miras içindeki yerinin belirlenmesi de büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışmada dört örneği barındıran mevcut ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel kaynaklarda yer almayan bu gizlenmiş camilerimizin, Karaferye (Veria) şehrinde halen konut olarak kullanımları ilk defa olarak tespit edilerek, ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları arşiv, literatür araştırması ve saha çalışmasına dayanmaktadır. Türkiye-Yunanistan Nüfus mübadelesi sonucunda Yunanistan’ın başka hiçbir şehrinde, Karaferye (Veria)’da ki kadar cami, konuta dönüştürülmemiştir.

RHODIAPOLIS PİSKOPOSLUK KİLİSESİ'NDE İŞLEVİ TARTIŞMALI MİMARİ DÜZENLEMELER: YÜKSEK NEF AYRIMI VE OTURMA SEKİLERİ

The ancient city of Rhodiapolis is located to the southeastern Lycia, at Kumluca, Antalya. The name of the city can be found on the episcopal lists until the 9 th century. An early Byzantine episcopal church is situated in the acropolis of the city. The church was excavated and completely uncovered between 2007-2012, however the adjacent buildings to the north of the church have not been excavated yet. Having basilica plan with two aisles and a nave, the episcopal church can be dated to 5th and 6th centuries based on its architectural features and decoration. The architectural arrangement of the nave made in the later phase of the building is analyzed and the purpose of these arrangements, which are rarely seen in the Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture inventory, are discussed in this article. The first of these unusual arrangements is the high barriers constructed at intercolumniations. On the south and north stylobates of the nave, the poorly constructed rubble walls were uncovered between the column bases. Large number of well decorated slabs, piers and upper elements of the slabs were found along the side walls. The location of the slabs unearthed in the south aisle indicates that these well decorated slabs were placed on the rubble walls between the columns facing the nave. The height of the intercolumnation is estimated to be at least 1.75 m. This type of architectural arrangement, which is unusual in other early Byzantine churches, prevents both accessing to and visibility of the nave. The use of high bar­riers along the nave is rarely seen in other regions.(Anatolia, Macedonia, North Africa) There are no common features between these churches. The architectural arrangement with the use of high barriers is considered to be made for the catechumens. However, the question of why this arrangement was made in only some churches remains unknown. Another unusual feature of the Rhodiapolis church is the placement of benches along the nave on both sides. A bench adjacent to the wall on the north stylobate was uncovered during the excavations. Also belonging to another bench, there are some in-situ revetments placed in upright position and some traces of the bench on the mosaic floor found in front of the south stylobate. Thereby it is understood that the benches of about 11 m. in length were constructed during the later phase of the building along the north and south sides of the nave. The placement of benches in the nave in which the liturgical ceremony was performed, is not common in early By­zantine architectural inventory. In some early examples the benches were constructed along the lateral walls of the churches, contrary to Rhodiapolis. These benches having a capacity of approximately 40 people, are estimated to be designed for the elderly people who could barely stand during the liturgy. Limited number of the benches in other churches may imply that the benches were made of perishable material such as wood which is difficult to survive in most cases.

New methods of researching healthcare facility users: the nursing workspace

This study is entitled Embodied Professionalism: The relationship between the physicalnature of nursing work and nursing space. The analysis is based in a critical examination of existing approaches, assumptions, and attitudes in the research literature about who, what, and how to study the person-environment relationship in healthcare facilities. New methods of studying how nurses experience their work, their workplace and the objects in their workspace are needed in order to address important issues of this person-environment relationship. Nursing work is re-conceptualized asembodied professionalism which acknowledges the interconnections between the physical labor ofprofessional nursing work, time, and space. This is a qualitative case study of nursing activities on a surgical unit that are invisible, marginalized, and unaccounted for in the research literature. Instead of studying how nurses' efficiency and productivity could be increased through design interventions, this study examines the physical nature of nursing work and the physical setting from the nurses' perspective. Instead of viewing the healthcare facility as solely a place for healing, this approach views the healthcare facility as a place for working. A nurse's goal can simply be the desire to ‘get the workdone.' A qualitative research methodology and a mixed method approach is used in this study. The methods include structured interviews, location mapping, photo-documentation, architectural inventories, place-centered behavioral mapping, and focused observations. In order to get a better understanding of how nurses experience their workspace, an image-based visual research method, theexperiential collage, was designed. The findings from using these methods reveal the significant rolethat the physical activities of moving, searching, and recovering play in gaining insights into nurses' socio-spatial experience of the nursing workspace.

DOMESTIC OFFERINGS AT EL PALMILLO

AbstractAlthough the topic has received recent attention, relatively little is known about how pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican communities were internally organized and interconnected. In this paper, we examine that question from the perspective of the Classic-period settlement of El Palmillo, in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. Previous studies of the valley have postulated that communities often were (and still are) subdivided into barrios, although the modes of integration for those segments are less fully defined. Along these lines, we have previously identified commoner and higher-status houses at El Palmillo (along with associated artifactual and architectural inventories). We also have noted that different commoner houses were involved in distinct suites of craft activity, thereby indicating a degree of economic interdependence among these units. Here we expand our analysis to domestic offerings, which we found to vary across the excavated houses. Adapting a perspective from Durkheim's distinction between mechanical and organic solidarity, we find an expected organic (hierarchical) relationship between the offering assemblages of the higher-status residences and the offerings in commoner house lots. At the same time, we see another axis of variation in domestic offerings that appears more organic (nonhierarchical) in nature. The latter axis of variation at El Palmillo has a clear spatial component, in support of previous hypotheses that barrios or spatially defined social segments were important in Valley of Oaxaca pre-Hispanic communities. At El Palmillo, the definitional features of these social segments appear to have been ideological as well as economic.

A Methodology for the Preservation of the Architectural Heritage of Senneville, Quebec, Canada

The town of Senneville, located at the western edge of the Island of Montreal, has thrived as a small community surrounded by large urban neighbourhoods. Once a popular location for the summer homes of wealthy Montrealers, Senneville is characterized by a series of architecturally and historically unique estates. As suburban growth continues to alter the character of the Island of Montreal, residents of Senneville have begun to fear that their community is in danger of losing its distinctiveness. The town's current bylaws inadequately prepare it for sustainable growth. As a result, the author was engaged by the municipality to survey the community and prepare architectural guidelines for its preservation. The process began by visiting, documenting and photographing each of Senneville's 350 homes. Survey sheets were created, through which criteria deemed essential to an architectural inventory were formulated. Town character, civic buildings and its public spaces were studied. Six character zones were designated for the appraisal of different architectural areas. The observation, synthesis and analysis resulted in the creation of design guidelines for preservation and development. This paper describes the process of conceiving those guidelines. It details the guidelines created for one of Senneville's character zones, the Urban, and offers a broad overall of how they might be useful in other areas.

Form and Meaning in the Earliest Cities: A New Approach to Ancient Urban Planning

This article describes a new model for urban planning in ancient and preindustrial cities that moves beyond the traditional simplistic dichotomy of planned versus organic cities. The model has two components: coordination of buildings and spaces, and standardization among cities. A variety of coordinated arrangements of buildings reflect urban planning, including simple coordination, formality and monumentality, orthogonal layouts, other forms of geometric order, and access and visibility (view-shed). Standardization among cities is analyzed in terms of architectural inventories, spatial patterns, orientation, and metrology. The political and social significance of ancient urban planning is then discussed using Amos Rapoport's model of levels of meaning in the built environment.

Elmalı (Antalya) Kentsel Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri 2004

Elmali is situated in the north-west of Antalya Province at a distance of 120 kms to the city, on the mountains of south-western Taurus, at an altitude of 1150 m. Due to being on the junction of the trade routes connecting Anatolia to the Mediterranean, and having rich water sources and fertile soils, it has been an important settlement through out history. The town was founded in a wide basin at the southern skirts of Elmali Mountain The tra­ditional urban texture of Elmali, situated in this basin, has been divided into seven neigh­borhoods founded. The two recenly founded neighborhods to in the south of the town, are in the old orchard area of the lower levels. The traditional houses of Elmali have been planned as two or three storey buildings in the form of open hall (sofa) and internal hail The houses were built in a mixed system of construcian timber beam and stone masonry at the ground level, and timber fram filled with mudbrick or wood shavings at the upsta­irs. The elevations of some traditional houses were left without rendering and therefore, their timber framed structure can be seen. Some inventory work has been done in some parts of Fethiye avenue and Pinarbasi, Haci Haliller and Hidirlik streets in the traditional urban centre of Elmali. The survey work has been fulfilled by preparing 75 inventory cards, approximately 3000 frames of digital film and by drawing the facades of 72 buildings and the draft plaus plans draft of 62 buildings. Inventory Works of Urban Cultural Assets of Elmali (Antalya) is a part of the large developing-applied project focus on the Town of El­mali and which has been commenced by the establishments, such as the governorships of Antalya and Elmali District, the Municipality of Elmali the University of Selcuk, CEKUL (the Foundation of Preservation of Environ­mental and Cultural Assets) and the Branch of Architectural Chamber of Antalya in order to prevent rural migration by means of main­taining traditional culture in Antalya (a large basin beginning from Ibradi, continuing thro­ugh Alanya and finishing at Elmali situating at the coast of Mediterranean Sea in the west). Later the urban architectural inventory of El­mali has been included to the project of TUBA-TUKSEK Cultural Inventory of Turkey Therefore this study has been supported by the Town Council, the Municipality of Elmali, the Architectural Chamber of Antalya and Sel­cuk University. Work will continue in 2005. The administrati­on and the public of Elmali want to be preser­ved the traditional texture of the city and work for this aim. The documentation of the existing heritage will help the their zealous works and the transmission to the future the cultural values of the city of Elmali.

Towards realistic aquifer models: three-dimensional georadar surveys of Quaternary gravel deltas (Singen Basin, SW Germany)

Abstract Understanding sedimentary heterogeneities has nowadays become crucial for sophisticated aquifer management. The methods used so far for aquifer characterization (e.g. pump test, coring analysis) cannot provide the needed resolution for a sufficient prediction of the subsurface properties (e.g. Sudicky, 1986 ). This calls for the application of the `outcrop analogue-approach' to aquifers (e.g. Macfarlan et al., 1994 ; Aigner, 1995 ). In this project we used georadar (ground-penetrating radar or GPR) to acquire the subsurface information for high-resolution three-dimensional images and radar facies mapping of glaciolacustrine delta sediments in the Singen Basin (SW Germany). A three-dimensional reconstruction of sedimentary heterogeneities for a detailed aquifer characterisation becomes possible by combining GPR profiling and outcrop information. A case study is presented, showing a complex, three-dimensional architecture of a Quaternary gravel body, consisting of the following three types of architectural elements: (1) glaciolacustrine delta foresets, (2) erosional surfaces with scour pool fills, and (3) horizontal glaciofluvial gravel sheets. Although this seems a relatively simple architectural inventory, the three-dimensional georadar profiling shows considerable internal heterogeneities. The radar data are interpreted following the seismic stratigraphic approach, i.e. the delineation of radar facies types and of radar sequences. The three-dimensional heterogeneities are visualized by means of time slices, 3-D block or chair diagrams, or series of radar facies maps.