Ar Concentration Research Articles

Growth behaviour and metal accumulation of two varieties of maize Zea mays L. sown on a soil obtained from a mining site

A screen house study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gemstone mining on the growth behaviour of maize Zea mays L. A completely randomized design involving two samples of soil (FUTA (control) and Ijero (mined soil)), two varieties of the maize (TMZ234 and Sammarz 39) was used. The seeds were sown into experimental pots containing the soils and the whole set up was left for eight weeks. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and stem girth were taken at a weekly basis up till the eight week. Eight heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ar, Zn, Pb and Ni) concentration in the soils, roots and shoots of the plants was determined at the end of the experiment using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Baseline data indicates that the mined soil is acidic (pH 4.12), with low organic carbon (0.92), low organic matter (1.59) and low total nitrogen (0.76). Results obtained from this study show that all growth parameters were negatively affected by the mined soil. Plant height was significantly higher in the control varieties (82.28 and 40.46, respectively) when compared with the mined soil varieties (30.5 and 29, respectively) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Leaf area also followed the same pattern with varieties grown on control soil having significantly higher leaf area (48.22 and 25.22, respectively) than varieties grown on mined soil (19.08 and 19, respectively). Stem girth of variety TMZ234 in control soil was also significantly higher than the rest (2.24 as against 1.68, 1.5 and 1.74). Heavy metals concentration in the soil, shoot and root of the plants grown in mined soils were all higher than in those grown on control soils. In the soil, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.24, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.20, 0.13, 0.10, respectively, in both varieties grown on mined soils as against 0.03, 0.01, 0.00 and 0.03, 0.08, 0.00 for Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively, for both varieties grown on control soils. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the metals were less than 1 in all the soils except for Ni which had BCF of 2.80 and 6.90 for both varieties grown in the control soils. The results from this study has shown the negative effect of gemstone mining activities on the growth of two varieties of Zea mays.

Growth rate and surface free energy of diamond films using different gas-sources

ABSTRACTFor diamond multilayer structure film (low residual stress and good toughness), the monolayer thickness and surface properties have an important effect on the quality of multilayer film. Therefore, the influence of deposition parameters on the quality, growth rate and surface free energy of diamond films was investigated in CH4/H2, CH4/H2/Ar and CH4/H2/N2 respectively. The results show that the nano-crystalline diamond films can be prepared in three different gas sources. The growth rate significantly increases with increasing CH4 and N2 content, but it increased at first and then decreased with increasing the Ar content. Surface roughness shows a downward trend with increasing of CH4 and Ar, as well as the addition of N2. The surface free energy decreases with the decrease of the surface roughness and film purity. Finally, the average growth rate and surface free energy of the nano-crystalline diamond film can be controlled by adjusting the deposition parameters.

Blocks

We introduce Blocks, a mobile application that enables people to co-create AR structures that persist in the physical environment. Using Blocks, end users can collaborate synchronously or asynchronously, whether they are colocated or remote. Additionally, the AR structures can be tied to a physical location or can be accessed from anywhere. We evaluated how people used Blocks through a series of lab and field deployment studies with over 160 participants, and explored the interplay between two collaborative dimensions: space and time. We found that participants preferred creating structures synchronously with colocated collaborators. Additionally, they were most active when they created structures that were not restricted by time or place. Unlike most of today's AR experiences, which focus on content consumption, this work outlines new design opportunities for persistent and collaborative AR experiences that empower anyone to collaborate and create AR content.

Evolution of coal-bed methane in Southeast Qinshui Basin, China: Insights from stable and noble gas isotopes

The late Carboniferous-early Permian coal seams of the Qinshui Basin in Shanxi Province are the most prolific producer of coalbed methane (CBM) in China. Methane formed in the late Triassic during deep burial and reheating in late Jurassic-early Cretaceous driven by magmatic underplating. Basin inversion brought the coal seams to 400–700 m from the surface in the mid-late Cenozoic. Here we present results of a study aimed at understanding the origin of the methane, and how it was affected by Cenozoic exhumation of the basin. Methane from a 12 km traverse perpendicular to the basin margin in the southeast part of the basin have stable isotope compositions (δ13C = −30.2 to −35.2‰, and δD = −155 to −194‰) indicating a thermogenic origin with limited biogenic input. They are, however, lighter than expected based on coal maturity, and C1/(C2 + C3) (>1000) are significantly higher than typical thermogenic methane (<50). This is due to diffusive fractionation during commercial gas extraction. He-Ne-Ar isotopes are a mixture of crustal-radiogenic gas with air-derived noble gases. 4He concentrations (0.52 to 33.25 ppmv) and 4He/40Ar⁎ ratios (0.06–1.74) are unusually low. He-Ne-Ar concentrations are consistent with the open system Rayleigh fractionation of noble gases derived from air-saturated water with 4He/40Ar⁎ = 1 during gas extraction. The low 4He/40Ar⁎, compared with average crust (5) or local production (13) values, implies that >90% of the radiogenic 4He produced in the coals has been lost prior to equilibrium between gas and water phase in the reservoir. This likely occurred in response to gas loss process during rapid exhumation in Cenozoic, showing that the He and Ar content of natural gases is a sensitive indicator of gas loss event caused by recent basin inversion. The event may have led to the loss of up to 44% of the methane from the coal seams. This study demonstrates the importance of basin inversion on gas preservation in shallow CBM, and shows that, in contrast to δ13CCH4, the light noble gases are essential for tracing such a process.

Requirements and System Aspects of AR-Head-Up Displays

This paper describes the requirements engineering for AR-HUDs and provides proposals to solve issues encountered in moving from conventional HUDs to AR-HUDs. These topics can be transferred to consumer electronics AR systems. The field of view for AR support on highways should be at least 20° × 20° and 60° × 40° in cities. This is about an order of magnitude larger than today and will be achievable by using holographic subassemblies for practical HUD volumes. AR content is not only projected on the road but also on bright buildings. For such use cases, the required luminance was calculated for a reasonable contrast ratio of 3 : 1 as 40,000 cd/m2. New HUD display technologies are needed to reach this value.

Design of Interactions for Handheld Augmented Reality Devices Using Wearable Smart Textiles: Findings from a User Elicitation Study

Advanced developments in handheld devices’ interactive 3D graphics capabilities, processing power, and cloud computing have provided great potential for handheld augmented reality (HAR) applications, which allow users to access digital information anytime, anywhere. Nevertheless, existing interaction methods are still confined to the touch display, device camera, and built-in sensors of these handheld devices, which suffer from obtrusive interactions with AR content. Wearable fabric-based interfaces promote subtle, natural, and eyes-free interactions which are needed when performing interactions in dynamic environments. Prior studies explored the possibilities of using fabric-based wearable interfaces for head-mounted AR display (HMD) devices. The interface metaphors of HMD AR devices are inadequate for handheld AR devices as a typical HAR application require users to use only one hand to perform interactions. In this paper, we aim to investigate the use of a fabric-based wearable device as an alternative interface option for performing interactions with HAR applications. We elicited user-preferred gestures which are socially acceptable and comfortable to use for HAR devices. We also derived an interaction vocabulary of the wrist and thumb-to-index touch gestures, and present broader design guidelines for fabric-based wearable interfaces for handheld augmented reality applications.

AR With Cloud Anchors

Despite all the potential of augmented reality to improve the human-computer interface (HCI) and the user experience, it's still below the expected usage. The reason may be related to the fact that until recently the AR implementation was mostly marker-based or GPS-based to trigger additional content (video, 3D, or other) to the reality identified with the camera. The research in this paper is focused on AR marker-less solutions that allows sharing AR content between users across the Cloud, based on the anchor identification. With this technological paradigm shift, the potential for use of new functional environments and an unprecedented status of HCI enrichment is achieved. In addition to the operations related to the applications functionality, the door opens for media-art artists to create AR models that can be shared in a multiple user environment across the Cloud.

Testing of ceramic membranes for PEG separation and preliminary design of a membrane cascade

The Plasma Exhausts Gases (PEGs) proposed to reduce the power load over the plasma facing components are separated by the Plasma Exhaust Processing System of DEMO.Two kinds of commercial ceramic porous membranes (top layer pore size 0.2 μm and 3–4 nm, respectively) have been tested. Experiments have been carried out at room temperature with feed pressure in the range 100–180 kPa and permeate pressure of 100 kPa by testing Ar, N2, He and H2. The experimental results validated a gas mass transfer model taking into account the permeation mechanisms of Knudsen and Poiseuille used to assess the permeance of the molecule DT.According to the processing requirements for the PEG separation of DEMO, a membrane system consisting of ceramic membranes followed by a Pd-Ag permeator has been assessed. By vacuum pumping the permeate of the ceramic membrane cascade at 10 mbar maximum Ar concentration in the retentate is 99.95%, while higher Ar concentration of 99.995% can be achieved by vacuum pumping the permeate at 1 mbar. In both the cases, the Pd-permeator downstream the ceramic membrane cascade recovers about the 99% of the DT fed in form of ultrapure gas.

Targeted Metabolite Profiling-Based Identification of Antifungal 5-n-Alkylresorcinols Occurring in Different Cereals against Fusarium oxysporum.

A rapid and convenient biochemometrics-based analysis of several cereal-derived extracts was used to identify n-alkyl(enyl)resorcinols (AR) as antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum. Total AR content and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based profiles were recorded for each extract, in addition to their antifungal activity, to help integrate these chemical and biological datasets by orthogonal partial least squares regression. In this study, we developed and used a micro-scale amended medium (MSAM) assay to evaluate the in vitro mycelial growth inhibition at low amounts of extracts. Triticale husk-derived extracts had the highest AR content (662.1 µg olivetol equivalent/g dry extract), exhibiting >79% inhibition at the highest doses (10.0–1.0 µg/µL). Correlation of the chemical and antifungal datasets using supervised metabolite profiling revealed that 5-n-nonadecanylresorcinol, 5-n-heneicosylresorcinol, and 5-n-tricosyl-resorcinol were the most active ARs occurring in cereal products from Colombia. Hence, we propose the biochemometrics-based approach as a useful tool for identifying AR-like antifungals against F. oxysporum.

Flame Inhibition and Charring Effect of Aromatic Polyimide and Aluminum Diethylphosphinate in Polyamide 6.

An aromatic macromolecular polyimide (API) was synthesized and characterized, and used as a synergistic charring flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (GF/PA6). API and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) exhibited better flame inhibition behavior and synergistic charring flame retardant behavior compared with ADP alone. The 5%API/7%ADP/GF/PA6 sample achieved the lower peak value of the heat release rate (pk-HRR) at 497 kW/m2 and produced higher residue yields of 36.1 wt.%, verifying that API and ADP have an outstanding synergistic effect on the barrier effect. The API/ADP system facilitated the formation of a carbonaceous, phosphorus and aluminum-containing compact char layer with increased barrier effect. FTIR spectra of the residue and real-time TGA-FTIR analysis on the evolved gases from PA6 composites revealed that API interacted with ADP/PA6 and locked in more P–O–C and P–O–Ar content, which is the main mechanism for improving flame inhibition and charring ability. In addition, the API/ADP system improved the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of GF/PA6 composites compared to ADP alone.

In-situ K-Ar dating on Mars based on UV-Laser ablation coupled with a LIBS-QMS system: Development, calibration and application of the KArMars instrument

Absolute dating is needed to check and calibrate the relative Martian chronology presently available from meteoritic crater counting. For such purpose, a new analytical system (KArMars) has been developed to experiment the feasibility of in-situ K-Ar for future landing planetary missions. It consists in a laser ablation-based system built to vaporize a reproducible volume of rock. Potassium content is measured by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and argon by Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (QMS). Instrument calibration, and checking of the reliability of the measurements for Martian analyses, requires terrestrial analogues. For such purpose, total chemistry, electron microprobe analyses, flame absorption spectrometry and mass spectrometry have been performed in order to qualify the stoichiometry, the mineralogy, the K concentration and the Ar isotopic composition from a collection of old terrestrial rocks. These new analyses coupled with published data allowed us to select mineral phases (e.g. feldspars, phlogopite, muscovite, amphibole) showing a large range of K content (0.3–8.5 wt%). All these mineral phases display a K-Ar age older than 300 Ma. Hence, the content of radiogenic Ar atoms per gram is within the range of Martian samples (on the order of 1 Ga for 0.4 wt% of K). We have shown that the ablated mass can be precisely estimated by measurement of Ar extracted from a similar mineral of known amount of radiogenic Ar content per gram. Then, it has been possible to derive a well-defined relationship between the ablation time and the sample mass extracted from UV-laser ablations for different minerals. Using an isochron approach from multiple ablations of several samples analyzed as unknowns, we have shown that KArMars can be successfully used for dating samples with different compositions, and with ages varying by an order of magnitude from 0.3 to 3 Ga. In-situ K-Ar ages obtained here for plagioclase and amphibole crystals display uncertainties as low as about 10%, and with accuracy, i.e. difference with the reference age, of only 10%. Such results further support in-situ K-Ar dating based on QMS and LIBS instruments as a reliable approach to be implemented onboard Martian rovers. In case a return mission is made possible, KArMars can also be a valuable tool to select the most relevant samples for return and ensure onsite which samples are representative of most of the surface at a given landing site.

Investigation of the conditions for the formation of SiCN-based coatings in arc discharge with self-heated hollow cathode

Method for low-temperature (<200°C) deposition of SiCN-based coatings in a large volume chamber (0.3 m3) by decomposition of organosilicon precursor in nitrogen-argon plasma of discharge with self-heated hollow cathode and remote anode (40 cm) at pressure of ~1 mTorr was investigated. The analysis of the composition of coatings by IR spectroscopy and the analysis of plasma composition are carried out by optical emission spectroscopy. The influence of discharge current (10-40 A) and the flow of gas mixture (5-15 sccm hexamethyldisilazane and 60 sccm Ar-N2 mixture) on plasma composition and elemental composition of coatings was investigated. It is shown that the degree of decomposition of precursor molecules is increased with growth of the current and with increase of Ar content in the gas mixture.

Determination of rotational and vibrational temperatures of CH in CH4 plasmas

Understanding fundamental plasma–surface interactions remains an important component of increasing the utility of plasma systems in a range of applications including plasma-assisted catalysis (PAC). A key element in realizing the potential of these applications is understanding the foundational data that control the overall process. Here, fundamental gas-phase and film chemistry trends in methane inductively coupled plasmas are studied to model PAC systems for decomposition of volatile organic compounds. Specifically, energy partitioning trends are presented in conjunction with surface characterization data to elucidate processes occurring at the plasma–surface interface. Optical emission spectroscopy yields rotational and vibrational distribution measurements that can be converted to temperatures (TR and TV) for CH in 100% CH4 and CH4/Ar plasmas as a function of pressure (50–200 mTorr) and applied rf power (25–150 W). Under these conditions, TV ranges from ∼3000 to ∼5000 K, whereas TR has values of 1500–2500 K. These are considerably above room temperature, even at pressures of 200 mTorr and Ar content as high as 25% of total precursor feed. Surface characterization of plasma-treated substrates yields minimal changes in chemical composition but more significant variations in film morphology as functions of plasma pressure and applied rf power. Collectively, these data aim to unravel the complex chemistry of plasma systems for PAC.

Use of argon to measure gas exchange in turbulent mountain streams

Abstract. Gas exchange is a parameter needed in stream metabolism and trace gas emissions models. One way to estimate gas exchange is via measuring the decline of added tracer gases such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Estimates of oxygen (O2) gas exchange derived from SF6 additions require scaling via Schmidt number (Sc) ratio, but this scaling is uncertain under conditions of high gas exchange via bubbles because scaling depends on gas solubility as well as Sc. Because argon (Ar) and O2 have nearly identical Schmidt numbers and solubility, Ar may be a useful tracer gas for estimating stream O2 exchange. Here we compared rates of gas exchange measured via Ar and SF6 for turbulent mountain streams in Wyoming, USA. We measured Ar as the ratio of Ar : N2 using a membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS). Normalizing to N2 confers higher precision than simply measuring [Ar] alone. We consistently enriched streams with Ar from 1 to 18 % of ambient Ar concentration and could estimate gas exchange rate using an exponential decline model. The mean ratio of gas exchange of Ar relative to SF6 was 1.8 (credible interval 1.1 to 2.5) compared to the theoretical estimate 1.35, showing that using SF6 would have underestimated exchange of Ar. Steep streams (slopes 11–12 %) had high rates of gas exchange velocity normalized to Sc=600 (k600, 57–210 m d−1), and slope strongly predicted variation in k600 among all streams. We suggest that Ar is a useful tracer because it is easily measured, requires no scaling assumptions to estimate rates of O2 exchange, and is not an intense greenhouse gas as is SF6. We caution that scaling from rates of either Ar or SF6 gas exchange to CO2 is uncertain due to solubility effects in conditions of bubble-mediated gas transfer.

Quantitative effect of Ar dilution on the dynamic detonation parameters in acetylene–oxygen mixtures

In order to clarify the effect of Ar dilution on the dynamic parameters of detonation quantitative, smoked foil records of C2H2–O2 with different Ar dilutions are investigated. With the Ar concentration increasing, the instability will decrease and detonation can fail more easily. Histograms, variance measurements, and studies of the autocorrelation function are systematically considered to quantitative define the irregularity parameters. The other kinetics characteristics, such as detonation limits, velocity, and cell size, are also analyzed to illustrate the dilution effects via the smoke foils from different Ar dilution. It was found that the results from histograms, variance studies, and the autocorrelation function consistently show the tendency that mixtures with different Ar dilutions exhibited different degrees of irregularity. Quantitative irregularity can be examined by the values of the ratio Max discrepancy/Relevant mean cell size of C2H2 + 2.5O2. For the mixtures with higher Ar concentration, the main cell size shown by the peak in the histogram and the first peak of the autocorrelation function were much closer to the cell size measured visually because of the stronger dominant mode and more regular trajectory of triple-point patterns. Predictions of the cell size considering the participation of Ar in the mixtures were also given.

The effect of argon contamination on interfacial tension, diffusion coefficients and storage capacity in carbon sequestration processes

In this study, the effect of argon as a co-contaminant in a CO2 stream on interfacial tension, diffusion coefficients and storage capacity was experimentally determined under conditions relevant to carbon sequestration, using the pendant drop method. Interfacial properties affect primary capillary trapping mechanisms when CO2 is injected since they set a limit to storage capacity in a geological formation. A strong increase in the isothermal interfacial tension at 45 °C and up to 20 MPa was observed with an increase in Ar co-contamination from 5 vol.% up to 100 vol.%. Since Ar content is present in small concentrations in most injected CO2 streams, we focused on measuring brine-CO2 interfacial tension and brine mixture (CO2 and Ar) interfacial tension, with 5 vol.% and 10 vol.% of argon content at pressures from 7.5 MPa up to 40 MPa and in the temperature range from 40 °C to 80 °C, which has not previously been investigated and can be considered more oriented to real-world conditions for carbon sequestration. It was found that storage capacity decreased significantly from a scenario where pure CO2 was injected, down to a scenario where 5 vol.% and 10 vol.% Ar were co-injected into the CO2 stream. Additionally, the effect of other common impurities in CO2 streams on interfacial properties and storage capacity is discussed.In order to evaluate the risk of CO2 diffusion loss through a cap rock, we measured the diffusion coefficients of geological water in the injected fluid. It was found that the diffusion coefficients of water in Ar are higher in comparison to those of water in CO2. Small quantities of salt in water had a minor effect on the diffusion coefficients of brine in supercritical CO2. Experimentally obtained diffusion coefficients (Dab) were correlated to obtain the effective diffusion coefficient (Deff). It was found that, in the case of co-injection of Ar with CO2, the diffusive gas breakthrough could be enhanced.

Removal of Acid Red 18 (Azo-Dye) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Charcoal Prepared from Almond Shell

One of the most important environmental pollutants is azo dyes in textile wastewater. In this study, the removal of azo dye Acid Red 18 (AR 18) with initial concentration of 25-100 mg L−1 in aqueous solution by the adsorption process onto activated charcoal prepared from almond shell (AC-AS) was investigated. The effects of initial pH (2-12), contact time (15-120 min), adsorbent (0.2-2 g L-1) and initial concentration of AR 18 (25-100 mg L-1) on the removal efficiency of AR 18 solution were investigated. All experiments were performed on a synthetic wastewater. The efficiency of dye removal and Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were compared as a function of decolorization and adsorption and kinetic behavior of AR 18. The maximum removal efficiency of AR 18 (i.e., 90.83%) was occurring with pH 2, contact time of 60 min, initial dye concentration of 75 mg L-1 and the adsorbent dose of 0.8 g L-1. The removal of AR 18 followed the Frundlich isotherm model (r2&gt;0.994). Fitting of obtaining data onto kinetic models showed the pseudo second-order reaction kinetics with respect to the dye concentration. This investigation revealed adsorption onto activated charcoal prepared from almond shell presents good efficiency for solution decolorization.

Plasma assisted nitrogen oxide production from air: Using pulsed powered gliding arc reactor for a containerized plant

The production of NOx from air and air + O2 is investigated in a pulsed powered milli‐scale gliding arc (GA) reactor, aiming at a containerized process for fertilizer production. Influence of feed mixture, flow rate, temperature, and Ar and O2 content are investigated at varying specific energy input. The findings are correlated with high‐speed imaging of the GA dynamics. An O2 content of 40–48% was optimum, with an enhancement of 11% in NOx production. Addition of Ar and preheating of the feed resulted in lower NOx production. Lower flow rates produced higher NOx concentrations due to longer residence time in the GA. The volume covered by GA depends strongly on the gas flow rate, emphasizing that the gas flow rate has a major impact on the GA dynamics and the reaction kinetics. For 0.5 L/min, 1.4 vol % of NOx concentration was realized, which is promising for a containerized process plant to produce fertilizer in remote locations. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 526–537, 2018

Plasma-catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 for the cogeneration of CO and CH4 in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: effect of argon addition

Plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst for the cogeneration of CO and CH4 has been carried out in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at 150 °C. The presence of the Ni catalyst in the DBD reactor has clearly demonstrated a plasma-catalytic synergistic effect at low temperatures, as the reaction performance of the plasma-catalytic CO2 hydrogenation is significantly higher than that of the sum of the individual processes (plasma process and thermal catalytic process) at the same temperature. The addition of argon (up to 60%) in the reaction enhances the conversion of CO2, the yield of CO and CH4 and the energy efficiency of the plasma process. The formation of metastable argon (Ar*) in the plasma could create new reaction routes which make a significant contribution to the enhanced CO2 conversion and production of CO and CH4. The introduction of Ar decreases the breakdown voltage of the feed gas and promotes charge transfer through the reactor. In addition, we find that the selectivity of CO is almost independent of the Ar content in the feed gas, while increasing the Ar content from 0 to 60% enhances the CH4 selectivity by 85%. This phenomenon suggests that the presence of Ar* might promote the methanation of CO and CO2 with hydrogen at low temperatures. Moreover, the molar ratio of CO/CH4 in the plasma-catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 can also be controlled by changing the Ar content in the feed gas.

Kinetic and equilibrium profile of the adsorptive removal of Acid Red 17 dye by surfactant-modified fuller's earth.

In the present study, fuller's earth (FE) was modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate for removal of Acid Red 17 (AR 17) dye from aqueous solutions. The surfactant-modified FE and FE were characterized by a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of contact time, pH, initial concentration of AR 17 and adsorbent dosage. About 99.1% adsorption efficiency was achieved within 60 min at adsorbent dose of 0.1 g for initial dye concentration of 1,000 mg L-1 at pH 10. The adsorption data were well fitted with the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model implying physisorption as the major phenomenon for adsorption. The kinetic data were analyzed using four kinetic equations: pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich equations. The rates of adsorption confirmed the pseudo-second-order kinetics with good correlation value (R2 = 0.999). The results indicate that the modified adsorbent can effectively be used for the removal of AR 17 from wastewater with high absorption capacity of 2164.61 mg g-1.