Aqueous Rare Earth Electrolyte Solutions Research Articles

Irregularities in complex formation and thermodynamic properties of aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions

Discussion is made of the origins of the irregularities observed in the formation constants of rare earth complexes and in the thermodynamic properties of aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions. It is concluded that changes in the coordination (hydration) number are the major cause of the irregularities.

Far-infrared evidence for the hydration number change of rare earth ions in aqueous solution

The far-infrared spectra of [Ln(H 2O) 9] (C 2H 5SO 4) 3 (Ln = La-Lu) complexes have been measured and the peak at 316 (La)342 (Lu) cm −1 assigned to a ν M-O vibrational mode. Its frequency shows a continuous increase with decrease in the ionic radius of Ln 3+. We interpret the results as evidence for the hydration number change of Ln 3+ ions in the intermediate region of the rare earth series in aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions.

A glass formation study of aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions

Glass formations of aqueous rare earth chloride, nitrate, perchlorate, and trifluoroacetate solutions were investigated. The series behavior of glass transition temperatures (T/sub g/'s) was discussed in conjunction with the hydration (coordination) number change in the middle of the series. It is concluded that the change of the inner-sphere coordination (hydration) number is the major cause for most of the irregularities observed in aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions across the rare earth series. They confirm again that the population of the Eu/sup 3 +/ ions holding nine water molecules in their innermost hydration spheres increases with increasing salt concentration in a glassy EuCl/sub 3/ solution.

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare-earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 6. Europium trinitrate, yttrium nitrate, yttrium chloride

The osmotic coefficients of aqueous Eu(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, Y(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/, and YCl/sub 3/ have been measured at 25 /sup 0/C from dilute solution to supersaturated concentrations with the isoplestic method. Least-squares equations were fitted to these osmotic coefficients, which were then used to calculate water activities and mean molal activity coefficients. Pitzer's equations were also fitted to the lower-concentration data. These results are compared to published activity data for rare-earth chlorides, perchlorates, and nitrates. A total of 40 rare-earth salts have now been studied, and their activities are discussed in terms of cation hydration and anion-cation interactions. Density data are also reported for Y(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ solutions.

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare-earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 5. Dysprosium trinitrate, holmium trinitrate, and lutetium trinitrate

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare-earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 5. Dysprosium trinitrate, holmium trinitrate, and lutetium trinitrate

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree. C. 4. Lanthanumnitrate, praseodymium nitrate, and neodymium nitrate

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree. C. 4. Lanthanumnitrate, praseodymium nitrate, and neodymium nitrateJoseph A. Rard, Donald G. Miller, and Frank H. SpeddingCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1979, 24, 4, 348–354Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (618 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 3. The rare earth nitrates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 3. The rare earth nitratesJoseph A. Rard, Loren E. Shiers, David J. Heiser, and Frank H. SpeddingCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 3, 337–347Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/je60074a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (909 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Heats of dilution of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 1. Rare earth perchlorates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeats of dilution of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 1. Rare earth perchloratesFrank H. Spedding, Michael A. Mohs, John L. Derer, and Anton HabenschussCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1977, 22, 2, 142–153Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://doi.org/10.1021/je60073a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (979 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 2. The rare earth perchlorates

The osmotic coefficients of the aqueous trinitrates of Sm, Gd, Tb, and Tm have been measured from 0.1 to 0.2 mol kg/sup -1/ to saturation, and those of erbium and ytterbium trinitrates have been measured from 0.1 mol kg/sup -1/ to well into the supersaturated concentration region. In addition, data for La trinitrate have been measured from 0.32 to 1.26 mol kg/sup -1/. These osmotic coefficients were fitted to semiempirical least-squares equations, and water activities and mean molal activity coefficients were calculated from these equations. The water activities of these rare earth nitrate solutions are much higher than for the corresponding rare earth chlorides and perchlorates at the same molalities, while the nitrate solution mean molal activity coefficients are much lower. Differences between the activities of the various rare earth salts are discussed in terms of ion--water and ion--ion interactions.

Heats of dilution of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 3. Rare earth chlorides

The heats of dilution of aqueous LaCl/sub 3/, PrCl/sub 3/, NdCl/sub 3/, SmCl/sub 3/, EuCl/sub 3/, GdCl/sub 3/, TbCl/sub 3/, DyCl/sub 3/, HoCl/sub 3/, ErCl/sub 3/, TmCl/sub 3/, YbCl/sub 3/, and LuCl/sub 3/ solutions have been measured up to saturation at 25/sup 0/C. The integral heats of solution of LaCl/sub 3/ . 7H/sub 2/O, PrCl/sub 3/ . 7H/sub 2/O, NdCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, SmCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, EuCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, GdCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, TbCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, DyCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, HoCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, ErCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, TmCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, YbCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O, and LuCl/sub 3/ . 6H/sub 2/O in water at 25/sup 0/C have also been measured. The heat of dilution data are represented by empirical equations, and relative partial molal heat contents are calculated. The heat content trends across the rare earth chloride series are similar to the trends found for the rare earth perchlorate heat data, and can be correlated with a change in the inner sphere cation water coordination across the rare earth cation series. 11 figures, 3 tables, 43 references.

Heats of dilution of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 2. Rare earth nitrates

The heats of dilution of the aqueous trinitrates of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu have been measured from dilute solution to saturation at 25/sup 0/C. The integral heats of solution of La(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.6H/sub 2/O, Nd(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.6H/sub 2/O, Gd(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/+.6H/sub 2/O, Ho(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.6H/sub 2/O, Er(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.6H/sub 2/O, and Lu(NO/sub 3/)/sub 3/.5H/sub 2/O in water have also been determined. The heat of dilution data were fitted directly to semiempirical polynomials and these polynomials were used to calculate apparent and partial molal heat quantities. The results are compared to available thermodynamic and transport data for the rare earth nitrates.

Isopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 1. The rare earth chlorides

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsopiestic determination of the activity coefficients of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.degree.C. 1. The rare earth chloridesFrank H. Spedding, Herman O. Weber, Victor W. Saeger, Harry H. Petheram, Joseph A. Rard, and Anton HabenschussCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1976, 21, 3, 341–360Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/je60070a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Electrical conductances of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.deg.. III. Rare earth nitrates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical conductances of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.deg.. III. Rare earth nitratesJ. A. Rard and F. H. SpeddingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 3, 257–262Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1975https://doi.org/10.1021/j100570a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (617 KB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

Electrical conductances of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.deg.. I. Rare earth perchlorates

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrical conductances of some aqueous rare earth electrolyte solutions at 25.deg.. I. Rare earth perchloratesF. H. Spedding and J. A. RardCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 14, 1435–1440Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/j100607a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (761 KB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts