Applied Psychology Research Articles

Remembering Jay S. Birnbrauer

Professor Jay Spencer Birnbrauer peacefully passed away on November 1, 2017, aged 83, in Perth, Western Australia. Known to his friends and colleagues in Australia as ‘Birny’, he was a pioneer of applied behaviour analysis on both the Australian and world stage. He contributed to the development of behaviour-analytic technology for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the 1960s and played a central part in the formation of the Australian Behaviour Modification Association (known today as the Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy) in the 1970s. He was a purist in the field of applied behaviour analysis (ABA) and was relentless in his efforts to see ABA being provided to children with a developmental disability and their families. Birny's influence in Australia, and particularly Western Australia, was mainly imparted through his role with the Master of Applied Psychology program at Murdoch University. His most widely known piece of work, the Murdoch Early Intervention Program, was an early and important replication of Lovaas's evaluation of early intensive behavioural intervention for children with autism. Birny contributed significantly to our field and to many people's lives. He is remembered often and fondly by his many friends and colleagues.

I-O Psychology and Human Resource Development: Yes, and . . .

It is encouraging to see the diversity of sources cited in the top introductory textbooks in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology. It is not surprising that the Journal of Applied Psychology (JAP) and Personnel Psychology are off the charts in terms of the two most-cited sources in these six textbooks. However, I would not have expected that in these books, “77% of the top-cited articles were published in cross-disciplinary journals” (Aguinis et al., 2017, p. 507). I wish to build on Aguinis et al. (2017), with a focus on the relationship between I-O psychology and human resource development (HRD). I am the author of an HRD textbook (Werner, 2017a). The journal I co-edit, Human Resource Development Quarterly, is one of those “cross-disciplinary journals” on Aguinis et al.’s list of most-cited sources (56th out of 110, 40th in academic journals), with 16 citations. Finally, my article on legal issues in performance appraisal was cited in five of the six textbooks (Werner & Bolino, 1997).

Stress and Resources in Vocational Problem Solving

By adapting the job demands-resources model of Demerouti et al. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 499–512, (2001) to vocational problem-solving situations, we aimed to investigate how, and to what extent, problem-solving demands and personal resources affect stress responses and task interest. Therefore, we used a problem-solving task from the business administration domain in a computer-based office simulation. We assigned 58 participants into two groups. The treatment group worked on the problem scenario, whereas the control group was instructed to inspect the computer-based scenario and to check the software’s usability without solving the problem. Problem-solving demands, perceived stress, task interest, cardiovascular parameters, and cortisol concentration were assessed before, during and after the task at several time points. The vocational problem-solving task was associated with perceived time pressure, uncertainty, mental effort, task difficulty, and perceived stress. In addition, we found higher heart rate and cortisol concentration and lower heart rate variability values in the treatment group (compared to the control group) at the end of the task. Furthermore, we found that content knowledge buffers the impact of problem-solving demands on stress responses and it maintains task interest under high mental effort. Overall, we found evidence that vocational problem-solving activities bear stress-evoking potential and personal resources may provide buffering and maintaining functions.

Individual differences in the effects of a positive psychology intervention: Applied psychology

ObjectivesA 6-week multicomponent positive psychology intervention (PPI) was assessed with the primary aim of determining its effects on affective variables including anxiety, depression and psychological distress, as well as processual ones, such as mindfulness and emotion regulation. Exploratory investigations were conducted to consider changes in individual differences according to baseline characteristics. MethodParticipants were from a community sample of the French population. They were assigned to the control (n=43) or intervention group (n=59). Self-assessment measures included the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and the General Health Questionnaire. ResultsTrait anxiety, depressive symptoms and psychological distress significantly decreased over the course of the PPI in comparison to the control group. Regarding processual variables, mindfulness increased with a large effect size, acceptance and positive reappraisal increased, and scores for other-blame strategy significantly decreased. Exploratory analyses showed that mindfulness and positive reappraisal tended to increase even more when participants' initial levels were low. ConclusionFuture clinical interventions should account for baseline characteristics to ensure that participants are referred to the most effective, suitable programs for their own needs.

"Is political behavior a viable coping strategy to perceived organizational politics? Unveiling the underlying resource dynamics": Correction to Sun and Chen (2017).

Reports an error in "Is Political Behavior a Viable Coping Strategy to Perceived Organizational Politics? Unveiling the Underlying Resource Dynamics" by Shuhua Sun and Huaizhong Chen (Journal of Applied Psychology, Advanced Online Publication, May 22, 2017, np). In the article, Table 1 contained a formatting error. Correlation coefficient values in the last four cells of column 6 were misplaced with correlation coefficient values in the last four cells of column 7. All versions of this article have been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2017-22542-001.) We conduct a theory-driven empirical investigation on whether political behavior, as a coping strategy to perceived organizational politics, creates resource trade-offs in moderating the relationship between perceived organizational politics and task performance. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize that political behavior mitigates the adverse effect of perceived organizational politics on task performance via psychological empowerment, yet exacerbates its adverse effect on task performance via emotional exhaustion. Three-wave multisource data from a sample of 222 employees and their 75 supervisors were collected for hypothesis testing. Findings supported our hypotheses. Our study enhances understandings of the complex resource dynamics of using political behavior to cope with perceived organizational politics and highlights the need to move stress-coping research from a focus on the stress-buffering effect of coping on outcomes to a focus on the underlying competing resource dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record

Is political behavior a viable coping strategy to perceived organizational politics? Unveiling the underlying resource dynamics.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 102(10) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2017-34254-001). In the article, Table 1 contained a formatting error. Correlation coefficient values in the last four cells of column 6 were misplaced with correlation coefficient values in the last four cells of column 7. All versions of this article have been corrected.] We conduct a theory-driven empirical investigation on whether political behavior, as a coping strategy to perceived organizational politics, creates resource trade-offs in moderating the relationship between perceived organizational politics and task performance. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we hypothesize that political behavior mitigates the adverse effect of perceived organizational politics on task performance via psychological empowerment, yet exacerbates its adverse effect on task performance via emotional exhaustion. Three-wave multisource data from a sample of 222 employees and their 75 supervisors were collected for hypothesis testing. Findings supported our hypotheses. Our study enhances understandings of the complex resource dynamics of using political behavior to cope with perceived organizational politics and highlights the need to move stress-coping research from a focus on the stress-buffering effect of coping on outcomes to a focus on the underlying competing resource dynamics. (PsycINFO Database Record

Update from the Clinical Neuropsychology Qualifications Board on the Register of Applied Psychology Practice Supervisors

Update from the Clinical Neuropsychology Qualifications Board on the Register of Applied Psychology Practice Supervisors

Person-First Language Promotes Healthier Self-Understanding in Those with ADHD

Free AccessPerson-First Language Promotes Healthier Self-Understanding in Those with ADHDGenevieve MackenzieGenevieve MackenzieADHD and Literacy Laboratory, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, in the Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development. She can be reached at 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V6 CANADA or via email at [email protected].Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:September 2017https://doi.org/10.1521/adhd.2017.25.6.6PDFPDF PLUS ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations About Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Cited byCited by1. It's Time for Counselors to Modify Our Language: It Matters When We Call Our Clients Schizophrenics Versus People With SchizophreniaOnline publication date: 21 September 2021. Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar Volume 25Issue 6Sep 2017 Information© 2017 The Guilford PressPDF download

O dispositivo de oficinas de corpo e a questão da recalcitrância

In our text we will present the workshops about sensitiveness that performed in the Service of Applied Psychology of the Fluminense Federal University (SPA-UFF), in the second semester of 2014 and first semester of 2015. Our work intents to build a device in which body and subjectivity are effectuated by affection generated and managed in that device. The recalcitrance guides the production of this text and its workshops, because by bringing to the scene their construction, we see ourselves concerned about building the workshops based on our theoretical-methodological field, as well as making a commitment to composing these workshops with the participants. Our question is: how to generate a affective availability without becoming docile? Therefore, we chose to present the question following these steps: theoretical, methodological, elaboration of the workshops and their execution. Our bet in considering the affections made us realize the possibility of creating devices in which there is availability without docility, because we also considered what is brought by the participants.

Investigation and Suggestions on Second Classroom of Applied Psychology

Investigation and Suggestions on Second Classroom of Applied Psychology

Electronic Health Records and Improved Patient Care: Opportunities for Applied Psychology

Healthcare is undergoing an unprecedented technology transition from paper medical records to electronic health records (EHRs). While the adoption of EHRs holds tremendous promise for improving efficiency, quality, and safety, there have been numerous challenges that have been largely centered on the technology not meeting the cognitive needs of the clinical end-users. Clinicians are experiencing increased stress and frustration, and new safety hazards have been introduced. There is a significant opportunity for applied psychologists to address many of these challenges. I highlight three key areas: studying and modeling clinician needs, applying theoretically grounded design principles, and developing technology to support teamwork and communication.

Correction to "Summary Report of Journal Operations, 2014".

Reports an error in "Summary report of journal operations, 2014" by (American Psychologist, 2015[Jul-Aug], Vol 70[5], 455-456). In the report on p. 455 the columns displaying average publication lag time for online first and print articles were reversed. In addition, the reported number of accepted manuscripts for the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology should be 118, not 65, and the rejection rate should be 86% rather than 91%. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2015-33530-012.) [Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 71(9) of American Psychologist (see record 2016-61507-015). In the report, the reported number of manuscripts received, accepted, and pending along with their accompanying rejection rates had errors in the following journals: Journal of Abnormal Psychology; Journal of Applied Psychology; Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology; Journal of Counseling Psychology; Journal of Experimental Psychology: General; Journal of Family Psychology; Journal of Personality and Social Psychology; Psychological Assessment; Psychological Methods; Psychological Review; Psychology and Aging; Psychology of Addictive Behaviors; Psychology, Public Policy, and Law; and Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. The online version of this report has been corrected.] Presents the American Psychological Association's summary report of its journal operations and division journal operations for 2014. (PsycINFO Database Record

Advancing Theory by Assessing Boundary Conditions With Metaregression: A Critical Review and Best-Practice Recommendations

Understanding boundary conditions, or situations when relations between variables change depending on values of other variables, is critical for theory advancement and for providing guidance for practice. Metaregression is ideally suited to investigate boundary conditions because it provides information on the presence and strength of such conditions. In spite of its potential, results of our review of 63 metaregression articles published in the Journal of Management, Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Journal of Management, Academy of Management Journal, and Strategic Management Journal uncovered a surprising lack of transparency, frequently implemented erroneous practices, and a lack of attention to important methodological choices. Results also suggest that many substantive conclusions are ambiguous at best and, unbeknownst to authors and readers, potentially misleading. Drawing from our review of the substantive literature as well as the latest statistical and methodological research, we offer evidence-based best-practice recommendations on how to conduct and report the results of a metaregression study. We offer recommendations on calculating statistical power and heterogeneity, choosing an appropriate model, testing boundary condition hypotheses, adjusting R2 for known variance, explaining methodological choices, and reporting and interpreting model coefficients and other results. Also, we conducted two illustrative metaregression studies that incorporate all of our recommendations with accompanying syntax and data. Our recommendations can be used by authors, readers, journal editors, and reviewers wishing to conduct and evaluate metaregression studies, as well as practitioners interested in understanding conditions under which organizational practices are more or less likely to be effective.

First and Second Strings: Using Entity Analytics to Contrast Core and Supporting Teams

This research demonstrates the importance of the concept of the core team (Humphrey et al. in Journal of Applied Psychology 94:48–61, 2009) in contrast to supporting or peripheral members within the context of larger nominal teams. It asks the question, “In a team-oriented organization, should we assume that all nominal team members are, in fact, relatively equal contributors?” Utilizing individual batter, fielder, and pitcher data from the National League from 2005 to 2014, we operationalize the concept of the core group, which is a subset of high-performing members. After testing for aggregation, we found that for core team members, their collective versions of batting average, runs batted in (RBI), and pitching earned run average (ERA) significantly predicted team win-loss percentages with an R2 of .62, p < .0001. The prediction of team attendance based on the performances of the core team was also significant with an R2 of .40, p < .0001. The same three independent variables based solely on supporting players were neither aggregable nor significant. Similarly, results for the nominal teams composed of all players on the roster were also not aggregable. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing core members (Fonti et al. Strategic Management Journal 37:1765–1786, 2016). Implications for team settings in management and business settings are discussed. WABA provides a unique multi-level, visual analytical tool for testing the existence of entities for these baseball data. Its application shows very different data configurations for nominal, core, and support subteams and dissimilar patterns of relationships among the key performance variables for each type of team.

A simulator of the degree to which random responding leads to biases in the correlations between two individual differences

Random responding can inflate Type I and Type II error rates (Huang, Liu, & Bowling, 2015b, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100). Type II error inflation often involves certain variables having Invalid Centered Responses And Valid Uncentered Responses (ICRAVUR; pronunciation: /aikreɪvər/). Although Huang et al. (2015b) offer a set of formulas for calculating the expected bias in a correlation when such variables are present, they do not offer a way to simulate the effects. We offer two sets of Monte Carlo simulations of ICRAVUR variables. Study 1 examines the correlation between narcissism and psychopathy—thought to be a large effect. The effect was inflated (by r=0.16), comparable to what the Huang formulas forecast. Study 2 examines the correlation between secure attachment and self-esteem—thought to be a large effect. The effect was inflated (by r=0.26), but this time the simulation result was larger than the forecast from the Huang formulas. Thus, our simulator offers a way to test tailored hypotheses about specific variables—sometimes yielding effects more extreme than the Huang formulas. We guide the readers through software, available at the first author's website, allowing for estimating the impact of ICRAVUR variables on any Pearson correlation.

The role of facial appearance on CEO selection after firm misconduct.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 102(4) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2017-10684-001). The wrong figure files were used. All versions of this article have been corrected.] We investigate a particular aspect of CEO successor trustworthiness that may be critically important after a firm has engaged in financial misconduct. Specifically, drawing on prior research that suggests that facial appearance is one critical way in which trustworthiness is signaled, we argue that leaders who convey integrity, a component of trustworthiness, will be more likely to be selected as successors after financial restatement. We predict that such appointments garner more positive reactions by external observers such as investment analysts and the media because these CEOs are perceived as having greater integrity. In an archival study of firms that have announced financial restatements, we find support for our predictions. These findings have implications for research on CEO succession, leadership selection, facial appearance, and firm misconduct. (PsycINFO Database Record

Those Insidious Proxies and Other Comments on De Houwer et al.’s “Psychological Engineering: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Applied Psychology”

Those Insidious Proxies and Other Comments on De Houwer et al.’s “Psychological Engineering: A Functional-Cognitive Perspective on Applied Psychology”

One hundred years of the Journal of Applied Psychology: Background, evolution, and scientific trends.

To launch this Special Issue of the Journal of Applied Psychology celebrating the 1st century of the journal we conducted a review encompassing the background of the founding of the journal; a quantitative assessment of its evolution across the century; and an examination of trends examining article type, article length, authorship patterns, supplemental materials, and research support. The journal was founded in March of 1917 with hopeful optimism about the potential of psychology being applied to practical problems could enhance human happiness, well-being, and effectiveness. Our quantitative content assessment using both keyword frequencies and latent semantic analyses of raw content, in both bottom-up (corpus driven) and top-down modes (analyst driven), converged to document an evolution ranging from a broad and exploratory applied psychology to a more focused industrial psychology to an industrial and organizational psychology to an organizational psychology. With respect to other trends, during the first 4 decades 20 to 30% of journal items were book reviews, which then abruptly ceased in the mid-1950s. Articles have grown increasingly longer over time. Author teams are increasingly larger, and sole authored articles are vanishingly small in frequency. The use of supplemental materials and articles reporting research support have surged dramatically in the most recent period. Across the various foci we examined, our review portrays the evolution of the journal as reflecting the development of a mature, focused, and cumulative scientific discipline addressing psychological science applied to work and organizations. (PsycINFO Database Record

Singapore Conference on Applied Psychology (SCAP 2017) - 29-30 June 2017, Singapore

Singapore Conference on Applied Psychology (SCAP 2017) - 29-30 June 2017, Singapore

Table of Contents

Applied Psychology: Health and Well-BeingVolume 9, Issue 1 p. 1-1 Issue InformationFree Access Table of Contents First published: 23 March 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12077AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume9, Issue1March 2017Pages 1-1 RelatedInformation