Public Relations (PR) is a strategic element in the management of educational institutions because it plays a role in building the image of the institution, managing public communication, and strengthening public trust and participation. However, in the digital age and the 4.0 industrial revolution, the implementation of PR functions in educational institutions faces various challenges, especially related to the use of digital media and human resource competencies. This study aims to analyse the role, functions, and challenges of public relations in educational institutions in the digital era. The method used is a literature review by examining various scientific sources, in the form of journal articles and books relevant to educational public relations management. The results of the study show that professional public relations management, supported by human resource competencies, strategic use of social media, continuous performance evaluation, and the application of good ethics and crisis management, contribute positively to improving the quality and reputation of educational institutions. The conclusion of this study emphasises that public relations has a strategic position in supporting the sustainability, competitiveness, and public trust in educational institutions amid ongoing social and technological changes.

This paper explores the fundamental ethical dilemmas encountered in applied philosophy, examining how theoretical ethical frameworks address practical moral challenges in contemporary society. Through a critical analysis of utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics, this study investigates their applications in medicine, technology, and environmental ethics. The research employs comparative analysis and case study methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of different philosophical approaches in resolving real-world ethical conflicts. Results indicate that no single ethical framework adequately addresses all moral dilemmas, suggesting the need for integrative approaches in applied philosophy. This paper contributes to ongoing debates about the relevance and practical application of philosophical ethics in modern decision-making contexts.

Machine learning in orthodontics: Transforming Invisalign treatment planning through precision, interpretability, and ethical practices.

BACKGROUND The topicality of the research lies in the fact that the pace of artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data technology adoption in the public administration sector is shifting radically the approaches to the administration of taxation, the transparency and accountability of the institutions. The growing digital aspect of fiscal frameworks necessitates the development of a unified regulatory framework and global standard of the ethical application of AI. The purpose of the study is to identify the regulatory prerequisites for the introduction of AI and Big Data in the public administration of tax systems in the international context. The object of the study is tax administrations of different countries that integrate analytical algorithms into tax risk management processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methodological basis is based on comparative and analytical, content analysis of regulatory documents, as well as empirical generalization of statistical indicators of digital maturity of fiscal authorities. RESULTS As a result, it is established that the highest level of tax administration efficiency is achieved in countries where the regulatory framework is harmonized with international ethical principles and provides for transparent mechanisms for controlling algorithms. The connection between the digital maturity index and growth in the tax revenue is disclosed, which proves the possibility to use AI in the fiscal processes analytically. CONCLUSION The author evaluates the major international documents (OECD, IMF, World Bank, Council of Europe, European Parliament) which are a single set of laws on the responsible usage of intellectual technologies. The practical value of the obtained results is associated with the fact that the suggested analytical model could be implemented to create national plans of the digital transformation of tax authorities and enhance their openness and effectiveness in management. The study is the foundation of the subsequent investigation of the interplay between regulatory frameworks, technological maturity and ethics of digital governance.

In response to the challenges posed by the profound integration of generative artificial intelligence(AI)into medical education,this consensus proposes a logically coherent,medically distinctive,forward-looking,and operable AI proficiency framework for medical educators(competency items of medical educators' AI proficiency,CAIP-ME).Through systematic literature review,preliminary framework construction,multiple rounds of expert pre-study,and a structured Delphi method involving extensive consultations with 60 interdisciplinary experts,the core competency items and assessment standards for AI proficiency among medical educators were demonstrated and calibrated.The framework encompasses five core dimensions and 25 specific competency items.The five dimensions are value recognition and ethical foundation,technical understanding and tool application,teaching integration and innovative practice,learning assessment and precise empowerment,and professional development and ecosystem co-construction.Competency items are categorized into 11 foundational competency items essential for all educators and 14 developmental competency items for those pursuing excellence.Each competency item is described in terms of its conceptual definition and key behavioral manifestations,accompanied by observable assessment indicators.This consensus aims to provide a scientific basis for the professional development of medical educators and the faculty building in medical institutions,while establishing a key reference standard for educator competency development in the context of digital transformation in medical education.

The integration of Generative AI (GAI) in education has opened new possibilities for personalized learning, yet its effectiveness in mitigating learning gaps remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of Personalized Learning Pathways (PLPs), generated through AI models (Gemini 2.5 Pro, ChatGPT 5), on secondary school students’ learning outcomes. Using a short-term longitudinal panel design, the research compares homogeneous instructional strategies with AI-driven personalized learning to assess differences in knowledge acquisition and cognitive skill development. Findings indicate that AI-generated PLPs significantly reduce lower-order learning gaps, though higher-order skills remain challenging. The study also reveals that learning styles influence student engagement with AI-driven education, suggesting that hybrid models combining AI and teacher mediation may optimize outcomes. These findings contribute to the ongoing discourse on AI in education, emphasizing the need for equitable, adaptive, and ethical AI applications in learning environments.

Studies on the application of Islamic business ethics in digital marketing practices continue to develop; however, research that specifically examines its implementation in clothing businesses using the TikTok Shop platform at the local level remains relatively limited. This study aimed to analyze the concepts of Islamic business ethics applied in digital marketing strategies of clothing businesses on TikTok Shop in Jambi City and to identify the constraints faced by business owners in their implementation. This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving clothing store owners on TikTok Shop selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and were then analyzed using thematic analysis through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings show that business owners have implemented Islamic business ethics through values of honesty, politeness, friendliness, and responsibility in their digital marketing activities. The dominant digital marketing strategies used include social media marketing, affiliate marketing, and the use of influencers, which were considered effective in increasing sales and brand awareness. However, constraints were still found in the form of limited understanding of Islamic business ethics principles among business owners and the less effective service provided when there was a surge in consumer demand. These findings provide a conceptual contribution to the development of studies on Islamic business ethics in the context of social commerce and offer practical implications for business owners to integrate syariah values more consistently into their digital marketing strategies, while also opening opportunities for further research with broader geographical coverage and more diverse methodological approaches.

The increasingly competitive world of work demands that workers possess not only technical competence but also a sound understanding of professional ethics. Students at the Mitra Sauri Job Training Institute (LPK), as prospective workers, need to be equipped with professional ethical values to enable them to behave professionally, responsibly, and with integrity in the workplace. This Community Service activity aims to improve students' understanding of professional ethics as a preparation for entering the workforce. The activity implementation method includes counseling, interactive lectures, discussions, and case studies related to the application of professional ethics in the workplace. The material presented includes the definition of professional ethics, professional attitudes and behavior, work discipline, responsibility, and communication ethics in the workplace. Evaluation of the activity was carried out through questions and answers and measuring participants' understanding before and after the activity. The results of the activity showed an increase in students' understanding of the importance of professional ethics and their awareness to apply it in the workplace. It is hoped that this activity can contribute to developing human resources who are work-ready, professional, and ethical.

The application of business ethics has become a fundamental pillar for modern organizations striving to achieve sustainability and strengthen stakeholder trust. The core issue addressed in this study is the growing complexity of the business environment, which requires organizations to uphold integrity, transparency, and social responsibility as part of sustainable business practices. This study aims to examine how ethical principles contribute to organizational stability, enhance corporate reputation, and support long-term relationships with employees, customers, and strategic partners. This research employs a literature-based approach by reviewing scientific journals, academic books, and relevant documents discussing business ethics and organizational sustainability. The findings reveal that consistent implementation of ethical practices reinforces governance structures, minimizes potential violations, and increases public trust in the organization. Additionally, the integration of ethical values into decision-making processes promotes adaptive and responsible organizational performance. Therefore, business ethics function not only as moral guidelines but also as a strategic foundation for fostering long-term sustainability in contemporary organizations. Keywords : business ethics, sustainability, trust, governance, organization.

This study explores how Islamic Education teachers adapt reward and punishment strategies to nurture morality among primary special needs students. Using a qualitative case study involving seven experienced teachers, data were collected over 12 months through interviews, observations, and documents, and were analysed thematically. Four themes emerged: reward types, reward strategies, punishment types, and punishment principles. Teachers prioritised personalised verbal and non-verbal rewards that enhanced motivation and moral understanding, while rejecting harmful punishments in favour of reflective and empathetic methods. Although limited to PPKI primary settings, the study reinforces the value-based, ethical application of behaviour management in Islamic moral education.

Public relations (PR) is a strategic managerial function that plays an important role in building communication, image, and public trust in educational institutions. In the context of modern societal development and advances in information technology, educational institutions are required to manage public relations in a professional, well-planned, and sustainable manner. This study aims to comprehensively examine the concepts, stages, implementation, and evaluation of public relations program planning in educational institutions, particularly from the perspective of public relations management and Islamic educational values. This research employs a qualitative approach using a library research method. Data were obtained from various secondary sources, including academic books, journal articles, educational regulations, and official documents relevant to public relations management. Data analysis was conducted through content analysis by synthesizing experts’ perspectives in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings indicate that effective public relations program planning must follow systematic stages, including situation analysis, goal setting, target identification, formulation of strategies and messages, planning of activities and media, budgeting, and the determination of performance indicators. The implementation of public relations programs requires internal coordination, two-way communication with the public, appropriate media management, and the application of ethics and professionalism. Evaluation of public relations programs serves as a basis for improvement and managerial decision-making. This study confirms that well-planned and ethical public relations programs are capable of strengthening institutional image, increasing public trust, and supporting the overall success of educational management, particularly in Islamic educational institutions.

Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy in AI-Driven Data Engineering: Challenges and Protection Strategies

Misinformation proliferates on social media platforms owing to both static and dynamic user populations, where the set of active users and their interactions evolve over time. The development, amalgamation, or disintegration of communities throughout an information cascade complicates the longitudinal tracking of these communities. Numerous contemporary methodologies either neglect temporal factors or employ static clustering techniques, which do not accommodate dynamic coordination. We propose TIDE-MARK, a methodology designed to identify communities inside fake news cascades that exhibit consistency in both structure and temporal dynamics. The methodology encompasses node embeddings via temporal graph neural networks, prototype-driven clustering, Markov modeling of community transitions, and reinforcement-based refinement. The unified design facilitates consistent and comprehensible community trajectories. Three empirical datasets pertaining to political, entertainment, and health-related fake news are utilized to evaluate TIDE-MARK. The databases include PolitiFact, GossipCop, and ReCOVery. Our model surpasses robust baselines regarding structural (modularity, conductance) and temporal (adjusted Rand index) measures, supported by consistent effect sizes. Structural research indicates that real news spreads through more scattered and less organized communities, while false news propagates through more stable and well interconnected communities. Our objective is to assess the viability of interventions by simulating a structure-aware approach that targets important users in nascent communities. The substantial reduction in cascade modularity and spread demonstrated in the results demonstrates the potential viability of content-neutral mitigation techniques. TIDE-MARK offers a structure-aware framework for real-time fake news monitoring, emphasizing network-based strategy signals over textual analysis. It establishes a foundation for innovative methods of dynamic community monitoring inside complex social systems and features an interpretable architecture that enables ethical application.

This study aims to analyze the influence of professional code of ethics, independence, and auditor accountability on audit quality, as well as to examine the role of professional skepticism as a moderating variable. The research background is based on the importance of auditors' professional behavior in ensuring audit quality amid the increasing complexity of financial statements and the pressures of the audit environment. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method through questionnaires distributed to auditors working at Public Accounting Firms in South Jakarta. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-PLS (SmartPLS). The results of the study show that professional code of ethics, independence, accountability, and professional skepticism have a significant effect on audit quality. In addition, the findings also show that professional skepticism positively moderates the relationships between accountability, independence, and professional code of ethics on audit quality. Such moderation reinforces the influence of the independent variables, which means that the application of ethics, independent attitudes, and auditors' sense of responsibility will have a more optimal impact when auditors have a high level of skepticism. This study confirms that the combination of ethical aspects, professional behavior, independence, and skepticism are important factors in forming reliable audit quality. These findings provide implications for Public Accounting Firms to strengthen ethics training, independence policies, and the development of professional skepticism as part of efforts to improve audit quality.

The study identified shortcomings in Law No. 5 of 1999 on algorithmic discrimination in the e-commerce business. The study employs normative legal methods, incorporating a legislative, conceptual, and algorithmic justice approach, as well as a comparative analysis of EU and US regulations. Secondary data, including ICC cases, were analyzed through literal, co-curricular, and teleological interpretations. This highlights the limitations of existing norms in addressing digital dynamics. Law No. 5/1999 does not have explicit regulations on automated algorithms, including definitions, transparency, or auditing of systems. Real cases, such as Shopee's internal delivery priority, harm small businesses through biased weighting factors, violating Article 19(d) and Article 25(1)(a). The first step is to mandate that major platforms disclose their algorithmic principles and conduct quarterly independent audits. Furthermore, strengthen ICC with technologists and data management rules. Long-term measures include international cooperation and the application of Pancasila-based ethics to achieve social justice, which is crucial for protecting SMEs in Indonesia's digital market, aligning with the global dominance of algorithms, and in line with ICC's principles aimed at combating AI collusion. Reform promotes healthy and inclusive competition.

The rapid development and implementation of artificial intelligence technology in various spheres of social activity confronts legal systems with the challenges of defining the protection of fundamental rights, liability for damage, and managing an acceptable level of risk to stimulate innovation. In the era of digital transformation, technology has become a new arena in which the interests of great powers are weighed and the contours of future global power are shaped. The regulation of artificial intelligence reflects the value, (geo)political, and (geo)economic priorities of prominent actors in this domain. The subject of the paper is a comparative analysis of the regulatory approaches of the European Union, the People’s Republic of China, and the United States of America. The paper employs a qualitative study of the content of relevant strategic and normative documents to interpret the fundamental principles that underpin the selected regulatory frameworks. The main differences between them are identified, which point to internal socio-economic priorities, but also similarities that reveal global ambitions. The focus is on institutional dynamics, legislation in force, and ethical guidelines to overcome general comparisons dominant in contemporary public discourse. It is necessary to critically examine the overly simplistic view that the European approach to artificial intelligence places the protection of fundamental rights at the center stage; the American approach is dominated by the private sector and market dynamics, with excessive commercialization; while the Chinese approach is characterized by strong state control and strategic planning, along with the development of controversial surveillance systems. The implications of the observed divergent interests for the future of the ethical application of ubiquitous artificial intelligence are discussed, as well as the possibilities for eventual reconciliation of differences in order to achieve international harmonization of rules. By analyzing the specificities, but also the contradictions, of AI governance in large jurisdictions, the authors offer a rounded judgment on the (in)compatibility of value-based regulation with the pragmatic need to achieve technological supremacy. This allows for a deeper understanding of the positioning of great powers and European states embodied in the supranational Union in the global technological architecture, as well as contributing to the discussion on contemporary social challenges brought about by the seemingly unstoppable development of advanced technologies.

This study examines the implementation of Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) Number 3 of 2017 and the 10-Point Code of Ethics and Guidelines for Judges' Conduct in realizing fair trials for women in Indonesia. Although the principle of gender equality has been normatively guaranteed, trial practice shows that women still face structural and cultural discrimination. A qualitative normative legal approach is used through analysis of documents, legal literature, and court decisions to assess the application of substantive norms and judicial ethics. The results show that PERMA No. 3 of 2017 provides substantive guidelines emphasizing non-discrimination, respect for women's rights, and substantive justice, while the judicial code of ethics serves as a moral foundation that guides judicial behavior. The synergy between these two instruments enhances gender sensitivity in judicial decisions, though its implementation remains influenced by differences in judicial understanding, patriarchal legal culture, and limited resources. This study emphasizes the importance of internalizing ethics and gender sensitivity training as strategies to ensure fair, humane, and non-discriminatory trials.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies is creating new opportunities in higher education for the preparation of future teaching professionals. The learning paradigm is increasingly oriented toward developing learners’ creative thinking, readiness for innovative activity, and ability to solve complex problems. This article proposes a foresight model for preparing future teachers to ethically use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) as a means of enhancing their creativity. The aim of the study was to scientifically justify the proposed model and describe its structural components. The research methodology included qualitative analysis and a theoretical review of the literature. Through an empirical method, the levels of creativity demonstrated by future teachers during essay writing were identified. This made it possible to assess learners’ creative thinking, analytical abilities, and understanding of the ethical use of artificial intelligence, as well as to determine key aspects of the foresight model for preparing future teachers for the ethical application of generative AI. The proposed model integrates the content of teacher training and the components that must be mastered to achieve the expected outcomes. The study shows that maintaining coherence and sequence among key components – such as «ethical concepts», «ethical values», «ethical principles» and «levels of creativity» – ensures the effectiveness of preparing future teachers. The results of the research can be viewed as a new innovative direction in teacher education and may serve as a foundational approach in training programs.

Purpose: This paper examines research on achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to propose strategies for advancing sustainability beyond 2030. It argues for a renewed global-local responsibility framework to ensure transformative, community-driven action. Design/Methodology: A conceptual, qualitative literature review identifies emerging priorities for sustainability beyond 2030. Findings: The future agenda should move beyond existing objectives towards an inclusive, participatory model informed by Voluntary National Reviews, higher education, and cross-sector partnerships. Three priorities are emphasised: adapting sustainability indicators to local contexts and indigenous knowledge, fostering collaboration among governments, academia, business, and civil society, and promoting resilience and ethical use of technology. Originality/Value: The paper introduces the Adaptive Sustainability Triangle, highlighting context specific pathways, collaborative governance, and ethical, resilient systems. Implications: A shift towards practical strategies is essential to localise indicators, strengthen cross sector collaboration, and ensure ethical technology application for sustainable development. Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals; Post-2030 Agenda; Voluntary National Reviews; Indicators; Resilience; Adaptive Pathways; Collaboration; Ethics; Sustainability; Higher Education Partnerships. Citation: Mitchell, C. and Fardous, I. S. (2025): From goals to pathways: shaping the future of sustainability after 2030 Agenda. Sustainability Tracker (ST), Vol. 1, Nos. 1/2, pp. 27-42.

The existence of forests plays an important role in maintaining the sustainability of nature and human life. This is clearly illustrated in the conceptual study of forest function. In the condition of forest destruction in the archipelago, there is an application of environmental ethics based on indigenous peoples in Bali. Through the literature review method with qualitative descriptive analysis, it is known that indigenous forests in Bali can be sustainable because indigenous peoples still adhere to the application of environmental ethics. Indigenous people put environmental ethics as a human behavioral system to interact with nature and take care of their forests. Local knowledge owned by indigenous peoples is used in caring for forests so that they can be sustainable. The knowledge possessed by indigenous people in Bali related to forest conservation includes knowledge of flora and fauna and disaster mitigation. The form of environmental ethics in caring for customary forests found in inland and coastal areas is controlled through awig-awig, which is equipped with fines in the form of objects and magical religious sanctions. The combination of supervision and sanctions originating from the community and supernatural forces, or those that are sekala and niskala, has a very effective ability to maintain forest sustainability.