Application Of Life Cycle Assessment Research Articles

Barriers and enablers of life cycle assessment in small and medium enterprises: a systematic review

AbstractBusinesses are facing increasing pressure from multiple stakeholders to integrate sustainability into their practices and business models. Although Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) represent at least 90% of businesses worldwide and contribute approximately 60% of environmental impacts, assessing and improving their sustainability performance is not a priority for them. SMEs can address sustainability issues through the application of the different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approaches. LCA focuses solely on the environment; however, other forms, such as social, costing, sustainability, and organizational LCA, enable practitioners to assess impacts across the entire life cycle of the studied system, each with different scopes and approaches. However, LCA remains in the domain of large companies. This article aims to identify the main barriers and enablers of LCA in SMEs for wider use as a tool to improve sustainability performance. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature on LCA among SMEs applying the Standardized Technique for Assessing and Reporting Reviews of LCA data, a sample of 61 articles provides a 20-year history. Our results characterize the application of LCA in SMEs through six main aspects. Our main conclusions identify three main barriers to the application of LCA among SMEs: lack of trained personnel, lack of data, and high costs. To overcome these barriers, we found that narrowing down the scope using simplified methods in clusters can increase the use of LCA among SMEs. A simplified SME cluster-elaborated LCA can be used to qualitatively identify sustainability hotspots, develop suitable strategies to improve sustainability performance, and respond to market requests.

System analysis with life cycle assessment for NiMH battery recycling.

The nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery technology has been designed for use in electric vehicles, solar-powered applications and power tools. These batteries contain the critical and strategic raw materials cobalt, nickel and several rare earth elements (REE). When designing a battery recycling process, there are several choices to be made regarding end-products and process chemicals. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the environmental and economic sustainability of different recycling options for NiMH batteries by taking projected market developments into consideration and by applying life cycle assessment and life cycle costing methods. The comparative study is limited to recovery of the REEs. Two hydrometallurgical processes for recovery of the REEs from the anode material are compared with extraction of REEs from primary sources in China. The processes compared are a high-temperature sulfation roasting process and a process based on hydrochloric acid leaching followed by precipitation of REE oxalates. By comparing the different recycling approaches, the hydrochloric acid process performs best. However, the use of oxalic acid has a large impact on the overall sustainability footprint. For the sulfation roasting process, the energy, sodium hydroxide and sulphuric acid consumption contribute most to the total environmental footprint. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Sustainable metals: science and systems'.

Combined application of Life Cycle Assessment and Neural Network Model for Modeling Energy and Environmental Emissions in Sugar Beet Production

Combined application of Life Cycle Assessment and Neural Network Model for Modeling Energy and Environmental Emissions in Sugar Beet Production

Recycling packaging waste from residual waste reduces greenhouse gas emissions

Recycling packaging waste from residual waste can help alleviate resource pressure. However, its environmental and economic benefits remain uncertain, which hinders the widespread application of packaging waste recycling. This study assessed the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, environmental impacts, and external costs of a government-recommended technology for recycling packaging waste by applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and ChintaxRCP model. The results showed that packaging waste recycling reduced GHG emissions by an average of 348.1 kg CO2-eq/t residual waste, and external costs by 376.7 €/t residual waste, due to the decrease in incineration. If all packaging waste in residual waste is recycled, over 60% of the total GHG emissions and about 80% of the external costs of residual waste management can be avoided. Moreover, sensitivity analysis indicated that the content of paper and plastic had a significant impact on the environmental impacts of residual waste management. This study demonstrates that recycling packaging waste instead of incineration can bring environmental and economic benefits in the long run. The study provides quantitative evidence to support policies for waste management and increases confidence in the utilization of low-value recyclables for the government.

Synergistic environmental benefits from copper slag recycling in China: Pollutant mitigation and carbon reduction

In response to the dual challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, China is prioritizing efforts to manage both pollution and carbon emissions. Given China's leadership in global copper smelting, recycling substantial amounts of copper slag is considered a key strategy for environmental improvement. This study applies life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental benefits of three copper slag recycling strategies. Building on the LCA results, we introduced a synergistic reduction index system that assesses the combined effects of pollution mitigation and carbon reduction. Findings indicate that utilizing recycled copper slag in building materials not only significantly reduces local industry emissions but also demonstrates substantial synergistic effects. This strategy optimally reduces both air pollution and carbon emissions, largely due to the substitution of high-pollution materials with recycled copper slag. Based on these insights, we propose targeted recycling strategies tailored to regional needs and capacities, thereby offering practical suggestions for the sustainable management of copper slag.

Life cycle assessment and generative design: development of a national LCA tool for exterior walls

PurposeThe promotion of sustainable design is demanded globally. The life cycle assessment (LCA) proved its reliability in this mission, but the difficulty and time required to apply it discouraged designers. This research aims to integrate LCA into the building design process through a software tool, taking advantage of generative design features. This will facilitate decision-making by architects and construction professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe study develops the EGY-LCA (http://egy-lca.com/). This prototype tool suggests exterior wall design alternatives for residential buildings in Egypt, using the environmental impact indicators of LCA data and other criteria related to national codes, materials, construction methods and required thermal resistance. Within a generative design process, the algorithm tests every possible wall method with materials and thickness combinations for each layer in compliance with inputs. The paper begins by explaining the tool’s working method. Afterward, different sets of inputs are examined and the values of the resultant environmental impacts of several suggested wall solutions are statistically analyzed. The application demonstrates the importance of the generative design tool. Proposing several solutions based on a set of inputs facilitates the selection of sustainable choices and allows comparisons between alternatives.FindingsThe prototype experiment confirms the research hypothesis. Unlike the available LCA tools, architects can make decisions with limited LCA experience if the data and equations are integrated into a generative design tool. The prototype proves its applicability for exterior wall alternatives.Research limitations/implicationsThe prototype is the initial step toward a whole-building LCA tool. It includes limited LCA stages and materials for the external wall. Future research is required to expand this parametric tool concept to include all the building components. The framework in Section 5 proposes a visualization.Practical implicationsThe prototype tool: EGY-LCA (http://egy-lca.com/). The value added to the design and construction sectors through the uncomplicated LCA application is fostering sustainable design, generative design tools can achieve this.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work is that it is the first initiative offering a parametric LCA tool. It promotes the application of LCA at the design stage using generative design, which contributes to sustainable development.

Assessment methods and digital tools to support circular building strategies

Abstract The aim of the paper is to highlight how digital technology can be a vector for maintaining information of buildings products, promoting supply chain transparency and traceability of materials and environmental data, contributing to activate a sustainable circular economy. Indeed, the current lack of knowledge of product characteristics often hinders the activation of reverse logistic and the assessment of the environmental benefits of circular material flows. This means, on one hand, the need to trace and collect product characteristics and product environmental information throughout the entire life cycle, and, on the other hand, the to identify ways of communicating and sharing information. This paper outlines current digital tools to support transparency and traceability of materials. Next, the paper verticalises the method and indicators used to declare the circular and sustainable profile of products, emphasising the importance of applying Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Finally, the prefiguration of a possible integration between traceability tools and the LCA methodology is discussed, identifying possible drivers (e.g. legislative, trainings) and possible key-operators for the widespread of the “LCA-integrated traceability tools”.

Facilitating dynamic life cycle assessment for climate change mitigation

Dynamic life cycle assessment (LCA) explicitly takes into account the dynamics of carbon storage and release in the impact assessment of biomass use on climate change, although such approach requires more data and increases the complexity of the calculation. The aim of this work is therefore to assess how the application of dynamic LCA can be facilitated based on: the modelling tool Temporalis, the time dimension of the functional unit, and the contribution of the time dimension to the accuracy of results. Firstly, Temporalis was tested and improved, proving to be an efficient tool for performing dynamic LCA. Secondly, two functional units were compared: ‘total number of units produced over the whole lifespan of the plant’ (FU1) and ‘1 unit produced at t0’ (FU2); the results are equivalent when the lifespan of the plant is short compared to the studied time horizon. FU1 should be used for assessing the potential impact of the entire system on climate change relative to climate goals on a calendar-based timeline. Conversely, FU2 should be used for comparing systems that do not share the same temporal distribution of production and for generating inventory data that can be reused as background inventory data in other life cycles. Thirdly, the variation in results induced by the dynamic characterisation of the impact was compared with the variations induced by the uncertainties in the inventory data, which are not always significant. The mathematical properties of the absolute global warming potential were investigated for a time horizon that tends towards infinity, thus generalising previous observations and predicting some of these results derived from simplified temporal information. Further investigation would allow for the development of a method for selecting flows to be distributed over a timescale prior to a full dynamic LCA, using only simplified temporal information.

Life Cycle Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Remediation Technologies: A Literature Review

The remediation of environments contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has become a growing priority due to the persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic characteristics of these compounds. To promote green and sustainable remediation practices, it is crucial to assess and minimize the environmental impacts of PFAS remediation projects through life cycle assessment (LCA) at the early stages of planning. So far, no systematic literature review has been published to assess the current state of the art or identify the challenges associated with applying LCA to PFAS remediation. This article provides a review of the recent literature on LCAs of PFAS remediation, following the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards. The results indicate that the application of LCA to PFAS remediation remains in its infancy and is highly fragmented. Significant methodological variations, including differences in system boundaries and data quality, hinder the comparability and benchmarking of LCA results across studies. To enhance the use of LCA as a decision support tool for environmental assessment, there is a pressing need for methodological harmonization and improved practices. Key areas for improvement include enhancing data quality, reducing uncertainties, and increasing the robustness of PFAS LCAs, thereby enabling more informed and sustainable decision-making in PFAS remediation efforts.

Application of Life Cycle Assessment in Beer Production: Systematic Review

The production of beer, a beverage of global cultural and industrial importance, has a significant impact on the environment due to the use of natural resources and the emissions generated during the various stages of the production process. Therefore, this article examines the sustainability of beer production through a review of literature articles that have used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to assess its environmental impacts. A systematic literature review was conducted by selecting peer-reviewed articles published between 2001 and July 2024 using databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar. The search included studies analyzing different stages of the beer life cycle, from raw material production to packaging and distribution, using specific keywords related to LCA and brewing. The results showed that energy use and packaging are the two critical aspects identified in the review, which represent a significant part of the environmental footprint. However, it is important to note that the available studies on the subject are few and heterogeneous and they use different methodologies, impact categories, and functional units, which complicates the comparison and synthesis of results, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions. Recommendations were made to improve sustainability, including the adoption of more efficient technologies, the use of recycled materials for packaging, and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices. These strategies could aim to significantly reduce the overall environmental impact of beer production.

Application of Life Cycle Assessment on Processing of Beef Rendang Products Using Steam Cauldron Technology

Application of Life Cycle Assessment on Processing of Beef Rendang Products Using Steam Cauldron Technology

Environmental impact assessment of different power generation strategies in Oman: A comparative life-cycle analysis

This paper presents a comparative environmental impact assessment considering different power generation strategies in Oman. The Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, and the OpenLCA tool, were employed in carrying out comprehensive analysis, and evaluation of the various environmental aspects in filling the research gap, by replacing conventional diesel generators with natural gas alternatives in Oman. The obtained results indicate that utilizing natural gas significantly reduces environmental impacts, including a decrease in global warming potential to 2.27 million kg CO2 eq, fossil fuel depletion to 34.5 million kg oil-eq, and ozone depletion to 0.13 kg CFC-11 eq. This study would help in policy decision-making to support a potential shift in power generation system, transitioning from the current use of diesel generator sets to flared produced Natural Gas across crude oil processing plants. Thus, mitigating operational cost, and improving efficiencies, for sustainable developments. Another salient part of this study is the implementation of more sustainable energy practices that supports the broader application of LCA in evaluating industrial environmental impacts. Furthermore, the results obtained in this work are in line with recent global climate change commitments and Oman's Vision 2040, in achieving cleaner energy sources to minimize environmental harm in the oil and gas sector.

Applying life cycle assessment to European high nature value farming systems: Environmental impacts and biodiversity

CONTEXTLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) remains a method of choice for assessing the environmental performance of agricultural systems. However, it is rarely applied to multifunctional extensive production systems, in which livestock use, apart from animal production, maintains a continuous disturbance that sustains the diversity of habitats and species. OBJECTIVEThis study aims to assess the environmental impact and biodiversity of extensive ruminant production on semi-natural grasslands (SNG), that is, High Nature Value (HNV) farming across Europe. We collected data from a total of 41 HNV farms in five countries (Finland, Estonia, Spain, Greece, and France) that produce beef, sheep, and goats, and that incorporate (to a varied degree) semi-natural and permanent pastures into production. METHODSWe used LCA to assess the potential environmental impact of HNV farms according to global warming potential (GWP100), fossil resource scarcity (FRS), water scarcity (WS) and land use (LU), by using the Solagro Carbon Calculator and OpenLCA software. We assessed biodiversity based on the expert scoring system of SALCA-BD. We compared impacts on per area and per product basis across the farms, and related them to the productivity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSResults revealed a considerable variation in all environmental impacts among HNV farms, explained mostly by the type of ruminants, main product (meat or milk) and the production level. GWP100 per unit in beef product in France was almost twice as high as that in boreal and 3 times more than in Spain, while sheep systems in Greece varied 7-fold for meat. Sheep systems consistently had the highest GWP100, while goat systems used the most land, fossil fuel and water. Small ruminant production in Spain had both the highest land occupation and biodiversity values. Biodiversity was at its highest on farms utilising only SNG for production, which, however, related negatively to the farms' production output. Enteric fermentation accounted for 32% of overall emissions. SIGNIFICANCEThis study makes a novel contribution towards a better understanding of the environmental performance and production capacity of HNV farming systems that are often used as examples of multifunctional and sustainable ruminant-based production.

Comparison of conventionally and organically grown pineapple in Sri Lanka: An integrative approach applying life cycle assessment and externalities

The pros and cons of the organic and conventional systems of pineapple cultivation have not been studied extensively. Non-consideration of full crop cycle and non-incorporation of environmental externalities are among the other gaps in research. The present study therefore compared Conventional Cultivation System (CCS) and Organic Cultivation System (OCS) of pineapple grown in Sri Lanka using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) under five impact categories considering system boundary from gate-to-gate and the full crop cycle. Economic analysis was conducted to determine the best system considering positive and negative externalities. Results showed 87% reduction of Global Warming Potential and 89% reduction of Eutrophication Potential under OCS. Higher toxicity potentials were reported under CCS while OCS resulted in zero toxicity. The net benefit for the farmer under OCS was higher. When the externalities were incorporated, the OCS showed a net gain of USD 8208 per ha while the CCS was no longer beneficial (USD -21,162 per ha). The study proposes economic instruments to incentivise farmers and emphasises the need to minimise adverse impacts of pesticides in sensitive locations. The study also highlights the potential of LCA studies when coupled with monetary values in guiding policy to incentivise farmers towards sustainable pineapple production.

How methods to assess land-use changes influence the resulting global warming potential and cost of optimized diets: a case study on Danish pigs applying life cycle assessment methodology

PurposeMeeting the demands of a growing and increasingly affluent population necessitates a deeper understanding of the environmental and economic implications of production. This implication is most relevant in key production sectors including agriculture and livestock. This article is intended to provide an understanding of the influence of methods of assessing land-use change (LUC) with respect to minimizing both the global warming potential (GWP) and the monetary costs of pig feed formulation.MethodsFeed mixtures intended for slaughter pigs were generated for minimal cost and GWP impacts by applying four differing LUC assessment methods. The objective function was the Danish slaughter pig feed unit, minimized for cost in Danish crowns (DKK), with GWP impacts constrained in multiple steps. Attributional LCA methodology was applied using the Agri-footprint 6.3 database, with GWP impacts calculated excluding land use changes, including direct land-use changes and including the carbon opportunity cost. Analyses of the functional relationship between the optimal cost and the GWP impact were conducted, followed by a comparative LCA of the cost of comparable feed mixture by applying two sets of functional units: 100 slaughter pig feed units and 1 kg of pig live weight.Results and discussionA similar relationship between cost and GWP impact was observed across all methods, although variability of GWP impact magnitude depending on method was observed. Reducing at an equivalent cost, GWP reduction ranged from 5.6 to 27% based on the pig feed functional unit, and 2.4 to 13% based on the pig live weight functional unit. Optimizing feed mixtures for GWP impacts resulted in significantly increased contributions to other impact categories, including a 56% increase in terrestrial ecotoxicity. Despite the increased contributions to other impact categories, all optimized feed mixtures achieved a reduction in endpoint indicators and single score. Endpoint reductions to the feed unit were 2.3–25% for ecosystem damage, 7.4–15% for human health, and 6.0–16% based on a single score value.ConclusionsThe findings emphasize the key importance of addressing LUC when optimizing the GWP of agri-food production. Suggestions are provided for areas of improvement in future optimization studies applying a dietary unit as the objective function, including additional midpoint impact categories and/or extended optimization covering whole areas of protection. The findings suggest that GWP impacts may be reduced at no additional cost if included or embedded in the pig feed formulation procedure.

Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production: Environmental impact analysis and POME waste utilization

Background: Indonesia is still an energy importer, especially in the form of crude oil and fuel products to meet the needs of its industrial sector. The reduced production of fossil energy, especially oil, as well as the global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted the Indonesian government to continue to support the role of new and renewable energy. The production of palm oil-based biodiesel is faced with a number of environmental problems, which may occur from the release of emissions during the production of FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunches), CPO (Crude Palm Oil), and biodiesel. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compile an LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) covering the production of FFB, CPO, and biodiesel; analyze the environmental impact of the CPO bodysel production process which includes CO2 (eq) emissions, acidification and eutrophication; and develop a life cycle concept for biodiesel production from palm oil as a renewable energy. Methods: The method used in this study is a combination of quantitative LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and qualitative. Findings: The results of this study are LCI in 1 ton of biodiesel consisting of NPK fertilizer of 141.1 Kg; herbicide (0.25 Kg); water (1578 m3), diesel oil (25 Kg); fresh fruit bunches of 5.67 tons; electricity of 33.8 kWh, POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) (3,47 m3), CPO needed for biodiesel conversion of 1.17 tons; methanol (0.41 tons), and 0.01 tons of Sodium Hydroxide. The total CO2 emission (eq) of biodiesel production from palm oil is 1489 Kg CO2 (eq), eutrophication is 1.12 Kg PO43- (eq) and acidification is 3.06 Kg SO2 (eq). With the largest contribution of CO2 (eq) emissions in CPO production and the contribution of eutrophication and acidification in oil palm plantations or FFB production (Fresh Fruit Bunches). Environmental hotspot of LCA, CO2 (eq) emissions from palm oil biodiesel production show that 53% mainly comes from POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) waste, other contributors are NPK fertilizers (23%), methanol (18%), and diesel oil (7%). Hotspot eutrophication showed that 61% mainly came from NPK fertilizer, methanol (20%), diesel oil (11%), and POME waste (8%). Hotspot acidification showed that 48% mainly came from NPK fertilizers, methanol (28%), POME waste (13%), and diesel oil (11%). Conclusion: The concept of a biodiesel production life cycle can be applied with the best alternative utilization of POME waste with a priority weighting of 0.357 and a CO2(eq) emission criterion of 0.494. From the optimization of the life cycle of biodiesel production with the use of POME, the potential for emission reduction is 667.2 Kg CO2 (eq). Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study's novel application of LCA evaluates the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from palm oil in Indonesia, identifying critical hotspots in CO2 emissions, eutrophication, and acidification. Additionally, it proposes an innovative optimization approach by utilizing POME to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting a viable path for enhancing the sustainability of biodiesel production.

Development and application of a nutritional quality model for life cycle assessment of protein-rich foods

Alternative protein sources (APSs) have emerged as a potentially healthy and, presumably, environmentally sustainable solution for meeting future food demand. Here we develop a new complex nutrient profile model to assess the nutritional quality of protein-rich foods, which, concurrently, allows to evaluate their environmental implications efficiently through the application of life cycle assessment (LCA). The development of the index was guided by the identification of priority nutrients in APSs and main deficiencies of similar models, which gave rise to the ‘quality Nutrient Rich Food 1.10.2’ (qNRF1.10.2). This model is the first nutrient profile system that combines various essential nutrients and a protein quality scoring system, namely Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS). From a nutritional perspective, its accuracy was proven and its application identified animal products as the most nutritionally complete food group, surpassing plant-based alternatives. However, when using the index as functional unit in LCA of protein-rich foods, we discovered that seeds, nuts, and mixtures of vegetable foods reported the lowest environmental impacts as a function of their nutrient density. Some exceptions were found for algae or insects, which performed worse than animal-derived foods in terms of resources consumption, or for cereals, which shown an important water deprivation potential. These results suggest that we should find a trade-off between the production of emerging and conventional foodstuffs, and that main environmental issues of each region should condition the location of production systems.

Application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to analyze the environmental loads of heavy machinery components

The heavy machinery used in mining and mineral processing generates significant environmental burdens that cause global warming and also negatively affect human health. This is caused by the use of large amounts of energy by these machines, including the amount of process heat, which generates negative environmental changes. As part of sustainable development, it is necessary to look for more friendly solutions, e.g., life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, the objective was to analyse the main environmental loads that arise during the extraction and processing of the component materials used in mining machines. In this case, the subject of the research was a reduction gear with a high utilisation rate in excavators and forklifts used in mining. The environmental impact criteria taken into account in the analysis were ozone depletion, human toxicity, and eutrophication. The analysis was carried out using the OpenLCA programme with the ecoinvent database. The results of the analysis showed that in the extraction and processing phase of the reduction gear materials, the main environmental loads arise for selected criteria arise, among others: during coke production, oil and gas extraction, natural gas transport, and hard coal exploitation. The results of the analysis may contribute to the sustainable development of machines in the mining industry and may be useful in the production of new mining machines in order to eliminate their negative impact throughout their life cycle.

A Review of Environmental Impacts of Wheat Production in Different Agrotechnical Systems

In light of the environmental challenges currently facing humanity, the issue of the environmental sustainability of crop production is becoming increasingly pressing. This is due to the fact that global population growth and the related demand for food are placing significant pressure on the environment. Wheat is a strategic crop globally due to its extensive cultivation area, high production and consumption levels, and vital nutritional properties. It is cultivated across diverse climatic conditions and within various agricultural production systems. It is of the utmost importance to pursue sustainable wheat production on a global scale, given the necessity to protect the environment and climate. The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) enables the identification of potential avenues for enhancing wheat production processes, thereby reducing the negative environmental impacts associated with these processes. This paper presents a synthesis of the existing literature on the environmental LCA of wheat grain production. It compares the impacts of different production systems, highlights critical stages in wheat cultivation, and provides recommendations for sustainable practices and directions for future research.

Assessing the environmental impact of construction waste management in northern Thailand: An approach to estimate greenhouse gas emissions and cumulative energy demand

Over the past century, the world has grappled with the looming challenge of climate change, with the construction sector emerging as a significant greenhouse gas emitter. This research aims to estimate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, cumulative energy demand (CED), and associated disposal costs by applying life cycle assessment (LCA) principles to the disposal of construction materials in northern Thailand. The study employs LCA as the analytical method, focusing on the disposal of concrete, steel, and wood waste from residential construction projects. The life cycle inventory analysis investigates waste management practices, including on-site landfilling, recycling, and transportation with an average distance of 30 km. The findings reveal that concrete waste is the primary contributor, with transportation playing a pivotal role. In the conventional case, total GHG emissions reach 38.624 kgCO2eq/m2, with CED at 12.991 MJ/m2 and disposal costs totaling 420.97 THB/m2. Three waste management scenarios are explored: Scenario 1 (50% on-site landfilling, 50% reuse/recycling), Scenario 2 (75% on-site landfilling, 25% transportation landfill), and Scenario 3 (100% on-site concrete landfilling, 100% steel reuse/recycling, 100% wood waste landfilling). Scenario 3 shows a significant 20.3% reduction in GHG emissions, a 90.5% decrease in CED, and a disposal cost reduction of 20.9% compared to the conventional case. This study underscores the importance of strategic waste management decisions, highlighting the potential of sustainable practices to foster an eco-friendly construction sector. Its findings offer valuable insights and recommendations, advocating for refined strategies like prioritizing recycling, optimizing transportation, and minimizing incineration to effectively reduce emissions and promote environmental responsibility in construction.