Application Of Chitosan Nanoparticles Research Articles

Exploring the promising role of chitosan delivery systems in breast cancer treatment: A comprehensive review

Breast cancer presents a significant global health challenge, driving the development of novel treatment strategies for therapeutic interventions. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising avenue for addressing this challenge, with Chitosan (CS) nanoparticles receiving prominence due to their unique characteristics and multitude of potential applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of Chitosan nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy. The review begins by emphasizing the prevalence and importance of breast cancer as a major health issue, underscoring the necessity for effective treatments. It then delves into the application of Chitosan nanoparticles in breast cancer therapy. One key aspect discussed is their role as carriers for anticancer drugs, enabling targeted delivery and improved cellular uptake. Furthermore, the review explores modified Chitosan nanoparticles and strategies for enhancing their efficacy and specificity in breast cancer treatment. It also examines Chitosan conjugates and hybrids, which offer innovative approaches for combination therapy. Additionally, metal and magnetic Chitosan nanoparticles are discussed spanning their capacity to assist in imaging, hyperthermia, as well as targeted drug delivery. In conclusion, the review summarizes the current research landscape regarding Chitosan nanoparticles for breast cancer therapy and offers insights into future directions. Overall, the review highlights the versatility, potential benefits, and future prospects of Chitosan nanoparticles in combating breast cancer.

Green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using Cassia fistula leaf extract: evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities.

The emerging field of green synthesis within nanobiotechnology presents significant environmental and economic advantages compared to conventional methodologies. This study investigates the synthesis and application of chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) using Cassia fistula (CF) leaf extract as a sustainable, and bio-based approach. Characterization of CF-ChNPs confirmed effective bioconversion and also demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity. Notably, CF-ChNPs demonstrated a remarkable antimicrobial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a zone of inhibition of 17 ± 0.2mm surpassing the impact on other organisms tested. The CF-ChNPs exhibited an initial burst release of 28 ± 0.28% after 2h, gradually achieving a controlled release of 76.3 ± 0.43% within 24h. In addition, CF-ChNPs exhibited an antioxidant activity of 43.1 ± 0.48% and showed excellent antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus in comparison to other organisms. The cell viability assay results have confirmed that CF-ChNPs do not have any negative impact on the viability of L929 fibroblasts, further highlighting their potential as versatile nanomaterials for treating microbial infections and other therapeutic applications.

Research and Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Orthopedic Infections.

Orthopedic infection is one of the most intractable orthopedic problems. Bacteria resistant to antibiotics also develop gradually. Chitosan is widely used in the Biomedical field because of its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial activity. Chitosan-based drug delivery systems are frequently utilized to produce controlled medication release. When combined with antibiotics, synergistic antibacterial effects can be achieved. Chitosan-based nanoparticles are one of the most widely used applications in drug delivery systems. The focus of this review is to provide information on new methods being developed for chitosan-based nanoparticles in the field of bone infection treatment, including chitosan nanoparticles for antibacterial purposes, Ch-loaded with antibiotics, Ch-loaded with metal, and used as immune adjuvants. It may Provide ideas for the fundamental research and the prospects of future clinical applications of orthopedic infections.

Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Dentistry: A Review.

Recently, nanotechnology has garnered significant interest across various fields due to its emerging and diverse applications. Numerous investigators have proposed that chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) stand out as some of the most promising nanomaterials for facilitating various activities. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer established through the deacetylation of chitin, has been extensively studied using interdisciplinary approaches for a wide range of applications. Chitosan biomaterials exhibit distinctive attributes, including biodegradability, muco-adhesion, and biocompatibility, as well as a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal properties. Furthermore, chitosan stands as the sole naturally occurring cationic polysaccharide, and it can be chemically tailored into various derivatives, depending on the intended role and utilization. The potential applications of chitosan are vast and intriguing, with many yet to be fully explored and understood. The unique characteristics of chitosan have sparked growing attentiveness in pharmaceutical industries and biomedical areas around the globe. The characteristics of chitosan like its biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory effects hold the potential to yield promising outcomes in wound healing and periodontal care following tooth extractions. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of potential applications of chitosan in the field of dentistry.

Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles in the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wastewater: A Concise Review

The biopolymer chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer that has been scientifically proven to be an efficient organic compound for the adsorption of heavy metals from a variety of industrial wastewater. Heavy metals are toxic and can cause a variety of harmful health effects, even in low concentrations. Therefore, it is important to remove them from the wastewater to ensure the water is safe for consumption and other uses. Chitosan is a superior adsorbent because it contains functional groups like hydroxyl and amino. Nano-chitosan can be fabricated using various methods but modern nanotechnology research focuses on developing highly efficient and cost-effective green technology. The remarkable physicochemical features of nano-chitosan make it suited for usage in enhancing the durability and washability of textile supplies as well as giving them antibacterial capabilities.

Using chitosan nanoparticles and N-acetyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid for olive trees efficiency raising, improving fruits properties and oil quality.

Recently exposure of olive trees to many stresses particularly oil varieties led to decline in the olive yield. The target of the study is to improve vegetative growth and increase olive fruits quality as well as the fruit oil % and oil quality by applying chitosan nanoparticles (CHNPs) and N-acetyl thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (N-ATCA) under the conditions of Egypt. The experiment was carried out in the seasons of 2021 and 2022 on Arbosana olive trees 8 years old and 4×6 m apart the trees sprayed three times on 15th Sept., 1st Oct. and 15th Oct. with (CHNPs at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm), (N-ATCA at 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and a combination between them and evaluate the vegetative growth of trees, fruit physiochemical characteristics, and oil properties during both study seasons. The application of CHNPs and N-ATCA and a combination of them led to increasing leaf area, total chlorophyll and proline content also increment fruit weight, flesh weight, oil color and oil % moreover improving the quality of produced oil. The improvement in growth, fruit quality, oil % and oil quality, were associated with increasing concentrations of CHNPs, N-ATCA and a combination of them especially (CHNPs at 1500 ppm + N-ATCA at 100 ppm and CHNPs at 1500 ppm + N-ATCA at 150 ppm). Spraying (CHNPs at 1500 ppm + N-ATCA at 150 ppm) is recommended to improve the tree growth, fruit quality, oil % and quality of Arbosana olive.

Optimizing Phytochemical and Physiological Characteristics of Balangu (Lallemantia iberica) by Foliar Application of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Myco-Root Inoculation under Water Supply Restrictions

Balangu is a medicinal plant used in the Iranian traditional medicine to treat nervous, hepatic and renal diseases. To determine the effects of Myco-Root biofertilizer and chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) on the physiological and biochemical properties of balangu (Lallemantia iberica (M.Bieb.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) under different irrigation levels, an experiment was laid out as a factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) with twelve treatments and three replications. The first factor was represented by different irrigation regimes, including no water deficit (90% FC), mild water deficit (60% FC) and severe water deficit (30% FC); the second factor included control (no Myco-Root and Cs-NPs), inoculation with Myco-Root biofertilizer, foliar application of chitosan nanoparticles (Cs-NPs) and co-application of Cs-NPs along with Myco-Root. The results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, chlorophyll index (SPAD) and fluorescence indices were obtained in 90% FC treated with Cs-NPs+ Myco-Root. In addition, the maximum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX) was achieved in 60% FC with application of Cs-NPs+ Myco-Root. Moreover, the maximum essential oil content (1.43%) and yield (0.25 g pot−1) were recorded in 60% FC following the application of Cs-NPs+ Myco-Root. Chemical analysis of essential oil showed that germacrene D (31.22–39.77%), (E)-caryophyllene (16.28–19.82%), bicyclogermacrene (7.1–9.22%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.85–6.96%) were the major volatile constituents of balangu. Interestingly, the maximum contents of germacrene D and (E)-caryophyllene were recorded in 60% FC after the application of Cs-NPs+ Myco-Root. Overall, it can be concluded that co-application of Cs-NPs+ Myco-Root could be a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for improving the essential oil quantity and quality, as well as physiological characteristics, of balangu under water deficit conditions.

Chitosan nanoparticles mitigate Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli in nitric oxide dependent way

The present study focuses on protection of emerging Alternaria leaf spot disease of chilli by application of chitosan nanoparticles (CNP). CNP was prepared by ionotropic gelation method and characterized. Antifungal potential of CNP was also checked against Alternaria alternata and its mechanisms were unraveled. Foliar application of CNP (0.001%) improved plant innate immunity in two chilli cultivars (one tolerant and one susceptible) by inducing the activities of different defense related enzymes along with total phenol and flavonoid. CNP application also induced callose deposition and reduced cell death in both the cultivar. Signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) also augmented in CNP treated sets which were confirmed by both biochemical and microscopic data. In order to find out involvement of NO in CNP induced innate immunity in chilli cultivars, both NO surplus and NO depleted conditions were artificially created and defense responses were recorded. It was interesting to note that CNP mediated enhancement of defense responses in chilli plants was compromised in NO depleted condition. These results signify possible involvement of NO in CNP induced defense responses in chilli plants. It is evident from our results that CNP can be used to protect chilli plants against this fungal disease to develop a sustainable management strategy.

A vital role of chitosan nanoparticles in improvisation the drought stress tolerance in Catharanthus roseus (L.) through biochemical and gene expression modulation

Drought is a main abiotic stress that restricts plant growth and development. The increased global demand of anti-cancer alkaloids extracted from periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is mainly related to plant growth and development, which are severely affected by drought. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have been used to boost plant growth and defense mechanism, however their impact to alleviate drought stress of C. roseus has not been investigated yet. In this study, control and stressed plants (100 and 50% of field capacity [FC], respectively) were subjected to CSNPs application at 1%. Drought stress considerably reduced plant growth, relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance and total chlorophyll; however, CSNPs mitigated these effects. They enhanced proline accumulation and the activity of catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) with possible mitigation of drought-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, they reduced H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, and eventually preserved membrane integrity. Drought stress increased alkaloid accumulation, and further increase was observed with the application of CSNPs. High alkaloid content was associated with induced gene expression of strictosidine synthase (STR), deacetylvindoline-4-O-acetyltransferase (DAT), peroxidase 1 (PRX1) and geissoschizine synthase (GS) up to 5.6 folds under drought stress, but more accumulation was noticed with the application of CSNPs. Overall, this study is the first on using CSNPs to mitigate drought stress of C. roseus by inducing the antioxidant potential and gene expression of alkaloid biosynthesis.

Preparation methods and applications of chitosan nanoparticles; with an outlook toward reinforcement of biodegradable packaging

Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) are promising polymeric and bio-based NPs, which have received a lot of attention in the last decades. They have great potential as nanocarriers that encapsulate substances such as drugs or active compounds, deliver them to a specific place or site, and provide a controlled release. In the present review, we give a complete overview of the preparation methods, including novel and green procedures, and compile developed applications in medicine, agriculture, and wastewater treatment. Moreover, we highlight the future perspective of chitosan NPs use in PLA-based biodegradable polymers which can be one of the solutions for reducing plastic pollution in nature. Properties of chitosan NPs can be tuned in such a way that they can serve as reinforcement elements in biodegradable plastics leading to much-needed improvements, and also as functional elements that make the application in food packaging with e.g., enhanced antimicrobial activity possible.

Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and expression of LasI and RhlI genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates.

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) pose a major threat for healthcare-associated and community-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa is recognized as an opportunistic pathogen using quorum sensing (QS) system to regulate the expression of virulence factors and biofilm development. Thus, meddling with the QS system would give alternate methods of controlling the pathogenicity. This study aimed to assess the inhibitory impact of chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors regulated by QS (e.g., motility and biofilm formation) and LasI and RhlI gene expression. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS-NPs against 30 isolates of P. aeruginosa was determined. The CS-NPs at sub-MIC were utilized to assess their inhibitory effect on motility, biofilm formation, and the expression levels of LasI and RhlI genes. CS-NPs remarkably inhibited the tested virulence factors as compared to the controls grown without the nanoparticles. The mean (±SD) diameter of swimming motility was decreased from 3.93 (±1.5) to 1.63 (±1.02) cm, and the mean of the swarming motility was reduced from 3.5 (±1.6) to 1.9 (±1.07) cm. All isolates became non-biofilm producers, and the mean percentage rate of biofilm inhibition was 84.95% (±6.18). Quantitative real-time PCR affirmed the opposition of QS activity by lowering the expression levels of LasI and RhlI genes; the expression level was decreased by 90- and 100-folds, respectively. In conclusion, the application of CS-NPs reduces the virulence factors significantly at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. These promising results can breathe hope in the fight against resistant P. aeruginosa by repressing its QS-regulated virulence factors.

Shelf life extension of bell pepper by application of chitosan nanoparticles containing Heracleum persicum fruit essential oil

Abstract In the present research, the impregnated filter papers with Heracleum persicum essential oil (HPEO) and HPEO loaded chitosan nanoparticles (HPEO-CSNPs) were put into packages and the effect of HPEO fumigation and controlled release of HPEO from HPEO-CSNPs on color, firmness, weight loss, total phenolic and flavonoid as well as ascorbic acid contents were evaluated. In addition, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) measured during 30 d of storage at 9 ± 1 °C. The HPEO was encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles by ionic gelation technique. The synthesized nanocapsules were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was used for the particle size distribution assay. According to HRTEM, the average size of HPEO-CSNPs were between 40–80 nm. At the end of storage, the lowest changes in color, firmness and weight and the highest contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and ascorbic acid were observed in samples packed with HPEO-CSNPs. In addition, the highest activity of SOD, CAT and POD was obtained in bell peppers treated with HPEO-CSNPs at the day 24 of storage, while PPO activity increased throughout storage period, but its activity in control samples was higher than other treatments. The treated fruits with HPEO-CSNPs indicated overall acceptability up to day 24 of storage, while the untreated samples lost their acceptability on day 18. Our results revealed antioxidant activity of the investigated oil and effectiveness its encapsulation to extend sweet bell pepper fruit shelf life.

Application of chitosan nanoparticles containing Cuminum cyminum oil as a delivery system for shelf life extension of Agaricus bisporus

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Cuminum cyminum essential oil loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CEO-CSNPs) on the shelf life of button mushroom during 20 days of cold storage. CEO-CSNPs were prepared by ionic gelation technique. The size and morphology of nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The size of CEO-CSNPs ranged from 30 to 80 nm. CEO and CEO-CSNPs were spotted onto the whatman filter paper inside containers. CEO-CSNPs treatment was effective in maintaining color, firmness and overall acceptability of mushrooms and inhibiting the investigated bacteria and mold and yeast growth, resulted to significantly higher SOD and APX activity, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content and lower PPO activity throughout the storage period. In general, treated samples stored for 15 days at 4 °C indicated overall acceptable quality compared to the control samples which lost their quality after 10 days of storage.

Effect of chitosan and chitosan-nanoparticles on post harvest quality of banana fruits

In this study, we evaluated the effect of different concentrations of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as edible coating in extending shelf life and maintaining the quality of banana fruits (Musa acuminata AAA group). The fruit treated with 1.15% chitosan, 1.25% chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles then store at ambient temperature (25±1°C). The shelf-life of banana, starch content, weight loss, pulp to peel ratio, total soluble solid, surface morpholgy of banana peel and sensory evaluation were analysed. Molecular analysis on the effect of chitosan was also conducted. Results showed that the application of chitosan nanoparticles and chitosan could extend shelf-life and maintain quality of banana fruits.

Chitosan nanoparticles preparation and applications

Shell fish processing industry is very common in coastal areas. While processing, only the meat is taken, the head and shells are discarded as waste. On an average, the sea food industry produces 80,000 tons of waste per year. The sheer amount of waste makes degradation a slow process causing accumulation of waste over a period of time. A very simple and effective solution to this environmental hazard is the recycling of shell waste to commercially viable products like chitin. Chitosan is the N-acetyl derivative of chitin obtained by N-deacetylation. Chitosan is widely used in food and bioengineering industries for encapsulation of active food ingredients, enzyme immobilization, as a carrier for controlled drug delivery, in agriculture as a plant growth promoter. Chitosan is also a defense elicitor and an antimicrobial agent. Chitosan has interesting properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, nontoxicity and polycationic nature. This review presents structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of chitosan. The methods of preparation of chitosan nanoparticles are detailed. Applications of chitosan nanoparticles are discussed. Applications include drug delivery, encapsulation, antimicrobial agent, plant growth-promoting agent and plant protector.

Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan: applications of chitosan nanoparticles in the adsorption of copper in an aqueous environment

AbstractThe main objective of the present work is to develop and characterize a new generation of adsorptive gelled porous bead supports made from nanoparticles of chitosan, bentonite and alginate. There were subsequently used in the purification of water synthetically polluted with cupric ions. The multiple experiments carried out on the adsorption of copper resulted in an equilibrium time reached after 10 min with an elimination percentage of 86%. Adsorption kinetics is better described by the expression of the second-order model whereas the adsorption isotherm is satisfactorily described by the Freundlich model. The different results showed the high affinity of the nanoparticle composite beads of chitosan/bentonite/alginate to cupric ions in an aqueous solution which is probably due to the presence of various chelating agents such as “NH, OH, COO−, and O” in their structure.

Preparation and Applications of Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Brief Review

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide well-known for its significant biological and chemical properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and polycationicity. It is widely used in the nanomedicine, biomedical engineering and development of new therapeutic drug delivery systems with enhanced bioavailability, specificity and reduced pharmacological toxicity. Chitosan is a natural polymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin. After cellulose chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. Different methods of synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles and their applications in nanomedicine, biomedical engineering, industrial and pharmaceutical fields were discussed in this review.

Progress on Chitosan Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Carriers

To review the progress on chitosan nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers, the application of chitosan nanoparticles in the fields of organ targeting, DNA transfection, and non-injection administration are summarized according to recent references. The results showed that chitosan nanoparticles as a new drug carrier have important value of research and extensively development prospect.

POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AS NOVEL SUPPORT IN ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION

Chitosan is an attractive natural biopolymer from r enewable resources with the presence of reactive am ino and hydroxyl functional groups in its structure. Du e to the good biocompatibility of chitosan, it can be used in magnetic-field assisted drug delivery, enzyme or cell immobilization and many other industrial applications. In the past decade, nanotechnology ha s been a considerable research interest in the area of preparation of immobilized enzyme carriers. This st udy looks at characteristics and applications of ch itosan and chitosan nanoparticles and their potentials as suit able supports for enzyme immobilization. Results indicated that activity of immobilized enzymes and performance of enzyme immobilization onto chitosan nanoparticles are higher than chitosan macro and microparticles. As c ompared to other biopolymers nanoparticles, applica tion of chitosan nanoparticles to immobilize enzymes strongly increases stability of immobilized enzymes and t heir easy separability from the reaction mixture at the end o f the biochemical process.

Preparation and application of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers

Encapsulation and immobilization technology is important for the food processing and bioengineering industries. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide prepared by the N - deacetylation of chitin. It has been widely used in food and bioengineering industries, including the encapsulation of active food ingredients, in enzyme immobilization, and as a carrier for controlled drug delivery, due to its significant biological and chemical properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and polycationicity. In this work, chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers used to encapsulate bioactive substances and immobilize enzymes were reviewed. Preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and nanofibers, including the work achieved in our group on chitosan nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization, were also introduced. Some problems encountered with nano - structured chitosan carriers for bioactive substance encapsulation and enzyme immobilization were discussed, together with the future prospects of such systems.