Electrical Engineering Applications Research Articles

Cyber-Attack Detection in DC Microgrids Based on Deep Machine Learning and Wavelet Singular Values Approach

Nowadays, the role of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) is of paramount importance in power system security since they are more vulnerable to different cyber-attacks. Detection of cyber-attacks on a direct current microgrid (DC-MG) has become a pivotal issue due to the increasing use of them in various electrical engineering applications, from renewable power generations to the distribution of electricity and power system of public transportation and subway electric network. In this study, a novel strategy was provided to diagnose possible false data injection attacks (FDIA) in DC-MGs to enhance the cyber-security of electrical systems. Accordingly, to diagnose cyber-attacks in DC-MG and to identify the FDIA to distributed energy resource (DER) unit, a new procedure of wavelet transform (WT) and singular value decomposition (SVD) based on deep machine learning was proposed. Additionally, this paper presents a developed selective ensemble deep learning (DL) approach using the gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm to identify the FDIA in DC-MG. In the first stage, in the paper, to gather sufficient data within the ordinary performance required for the training of the DL network, a DC-MG was operated and controlled with no FDIAs. In the information generation procedure, load changing was considered to have diagnosing datasets for cyber-attack and load variation schemes. The obtained simulation results were compared with the new Shallow model and Hilbert Huang Transform methods, and the results confirmed that the presented approach could more precisely and robustly identify multiple forms of FDIAs with more than 95% precision.

The Application of Electrical Engineering and Intelligent Automation Technology in Building Electrical

The Application of Electrical Engineering and Intelligent Automation Technology in Building Electrical

Abundant traveling wave solutions to an intrinsic fractional discrete nonlinear electrical transmission line

The main idea of this paper is to search for all traveling wave solutions to an intrinsic fractional discrete nonlinear electrical transmission line, which plays a essential role in obtaining the new insights in nonlinear voltage dynamics. We first give a brief introduction how to transform the discrete system into a continuous one, which is described by a fractional-order partial differential equation. After that, this equation is handled by conformable fractional transformation and the complete discrimination system for polynomial method (CDSPM). By applying the advanced method, the whole of the exact traveling wave solutions emerged in existing articles are obtained, especially we obtain the solitary wave solutions and elliptic functions solutions which are hardly founded by other methods. Notably, the elliptic functions solutions in rational form are discovered for the first time. Finally, the electrical characteristics and the fractional nature are revealed via graphical represents. By the depicted graphs, we intuitively observe the existence of the phenomena for periodic wave and solitary wave, and the time-fractional derivative is proved do has important influence on the behaviors of the solutions. Considering the significance of the nonlinear electrical transmission line, the acquired results would have wide application in electrical engineering and nonlinear voltage dynamics, liking analyzing and predicting the complex voltage wave propagation phenomenon in realistic electrical transmission system.

Research and Application of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering in Liquid Pool Level Detection System

Research and Application of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering in Liquid Pool Level Detection System

On Hamilton-Connectivity and Detour Index of Certain Families of Convex Polytopes

A convex polytope is the convex hull of a finite set of points in the Euclidean space ℝ n . By preserving the adjacency-incidence relation between vertices of a polytope, its structural graph is constructed. A graph is called Hamilton-connected if there exists at least one Hamiltonian path between any of its two vertices. The detour index is defined to be the sum of the lengths of longest distances, i.e., detours between vertices in a graph. Hamiltonian and Hamilton-connected graphs have diverse applications in computer science and electrical engineering, whereas the detour index has important applications in chemistry. Checking whether a graph is Hamilton-connected and computing the detour index of an arbitrary graph are both NP-complete problems. In this paper, we study these problems simultaneously for certain families of convex polytopes. We construct two infinite families of Hamilton-connected convex polytopes. Hamilton-connectivity is shown by constructing Hamiltonian paths between any pair of vertices. We then use the Hamilton-connectivity to compute the detour index of these families. A family of non-Hamilton-connected convex polytopes has also been constructed to show that not all convex polytope families are Hamilton-connected.

Embedded Metamaterial Subframe Patch for Increased Power Output of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

AbstractThese days, piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) is introduced as one of the clean and renewable energy sources for powering the self-powered sensors utilized for wireless condition monitoring of structures. However, low efficiency is the biggest drawback of PEHs. This paper introduces an innovative embedded metamaterial subframe (MetaSub) patch as a practical solution to address the low throughput limitation of conventional PEHs whose host structure has already been constructed or installed. To evaluate the performance of the embedded MetaSub patch (EMSP), a cantilever beam is considered as the host structure in this study. The EMSP transfers the auxetic behavior to the piezoelectric element (PZT) wherever substituting a regular beam with an auxetic beam is either impracticable or suboptimal. The concept of the EMSP is numerically validated, and the comsol multiphysics software was employed to investigate its performance when a cantilever beam is subjected to different amplitude and frequency. The finite element model results demonstrate that the harvesting power in cases that use the EMSP can be amplified up to 5.5 times compared to a piezoelectric cantilever energy harvester without patch. This paper opens up a great potential of using EMSP for different types of energy harvesting systems in biomedical, acoustics, civil, electrical, aerospace, and mechanical engineering applications.

Application of Electrical Engineering and Control System of Electrical Automation

Application of Electrical Engineering and Control System of Electrical Automation

Bioconvection mechanism using third-grade nanofluid flow with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and Arrhenius kinetics

This paper aims to study the effects of activation energy and thermal radiation in the bioconvection flow of nanofluid (third-grade nanofluid) containing swimming microorganisms in the presence of a heat source-sink past a stretching sheet. Brownian movement and thermophoresis diffusion are used in mathematical modeling. The given flow phenomenon is modeled in the form of governing partial differential equations. Furthermore, appropriate dimensionless transformation is used to transfer the governing system of PDEs into an ordinary one. The remodeled systems of ODEs are tackled numerically by bvp4c on Matlab with a shooting scheme in computational tool MATLAB. The bearing of prominently involved parameters on the numerical solution of velocity, temperature distribution, nanoparticles concentration and concentration of microorganisms is comprehensively discussed and elaborated through figures. It is established that velocity can be improved with a mixed convection aspect. Furthermore, the temperature and concentration of nanoparticles reduce against Prandtl number, also, large Peclet number declines the microorganisms field. The work contained in this paper has applications in nanotechnology, electrical and mechanical engineering, biomedicine, biotechnology, drug delivery, cancer treatment, food processing and various industries. No such work is yet reported, and it is good for the research in applied sciences.

Application of Electrical Engineering and Automation in Electrical Engineering

Application of Electrical Engineering and Automation in Electrical Engineering

Fractional biorthogonal wavelets in L 2(ℝ)

The fractional Fourier transform, which is a generalization of the Fourier transform, has become the focus of many research papers in recent years because of its applications in electrical engineering and optics. In this paper, we introduce the notion of fractional biorthogonal wavelets on and obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for the translates of a single function to form the fractional Riesz bases for their closed linear span. We also provide a complete characterization for the fractional biorthogonality of the translates of fractional scaling functions of two fractional MRA's and the associated fractional biorthogonal wavelet families. Moreover, under mild assumptions on the fractional scaling functions and the corresponding fractional wavelets, we show that the fractional wavelets can generate Reisz bases for

Review on the Use of Superconducting Bulks for Magnetic Screening in Electrical Machines for Aircraft Applications.

High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS) considerably accelerate the development of superconducting machines for electrical engineering applications such as fully electrical aircraft. This present contribution is an overview of different superconducting materials that can be used as magnetic screens for the inductor of high specific power electrical machines. The impact of the material properties, such as the critical temperature () and the critical current density (), on the machine performances is evaluated. In addition, the relevance to flux modulation machines of different HTS bulk synthesis methods are addressed.

Preface

The 2st International Conference on Innovation Energy (IE-2020) was held on December 17-18, 2020 at Perm National Research Polytechnic University (Perm, Russia) using distance information technologies.The sections work was carried out on the online conferencing platform: https://bigbluebutton.pstu.ru.The Conference was organized by PNRPU and was carried out in the framework of international cooperation and also supported by educational and research grant WP 2.6.6 573879-EPP-1-2016-1-FR-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP by European program Erasmus + (the Project Internationalization of master Programs In Russia and China in Electrical engineering / INSPIRE) with the participation of leading universities in France, Germany, Russia and China.This conference has been held for more than 11 years. Traditionally conference is distinguished by its high representativeness and aroused great interest among the scientific and technical community of our country, neighboring countries and western electrical engineering companies. Approximate number of participants is about 80-100 scientists and industry professionals working in the field of electrical engineering, power energy, IT and their applications in electrical engineering, energy conversion and energy saving systems.List of Program of XI International Conference on Innovation Energy (IE-2020), Working session of the Conference and photos are available in the pdf.

The Use of Sulfur Waste to Protect Against Corrosion of Metal Implants

Metal parts of endoprosthesis have a detrimental effect on the bones that come into contact with them and on the entire body of the patient. Coating them with biocompatible layers (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) has not yet brought about permanent results. In this study, the author showed the possibility of using a binder containing sulfur waste for this purpose. The sulfur binder is used industrially in electrical engineering and construction applications. The chemical properties of elemental sulfur indicate that it is a biocompatible material. Previous studies on rats have shown that sulfur binder is a biocompatible material. A steel surgical nail covered with sulfur waste, placed in a sheep's femur, showed excellent stabilization by adhering bone tissue to the composite layer. From the results, it is convinced that the composite made of sulfur waste creates new possibilities in the field of production of biocomposites for surgical applications. The prepared biocomposite composition was sulfur waste-69.5%, mineral quartz dust-30%, and technical soot-0.5%. There is no information on similar studies in the world literature. So far, sulfur waste has been used in the electrical and construction industries. The literature shows that no researcher has used sulfur waste in biocomposites. So, the current study is a pioneering experimental study in this area.

Towards End-to-End Deep Learning Performance Analysis of Electric Motors

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Deep Learning (DL) revolutionized numerous research fields including robotics, natural language processing, self-driving cars, healthcare, and others. However, DL is still relatively under-researched in physics and engineering. Recent works on DL-assisted analysis showed enormous potential of CNN applications in electrical engineering. This paper explores the possibility of developing an end-to-end DL analysis method to match or even surpass conventional analysis techniques such as finite element analysis (FEA) based on the ability of CNNs to predict the performance characteristics of electric machines. The required depth in CNN architecture is studied by comparing a simplistic CNN with three ResNet architectures. Studied CNNs show over 90% accuracy for an analysis conducted under a minute, whereas a FEA of comparable accuracy required 200 h. It is also shown that training CNNs to predict multidimensional outputs can improve CNN performance. Multidimensional output prediction with data-driven methods is further discussed in context of multiphysics analysis showing potential for developing analysis methods that might surpass FEA capabilities.

Electrical Engineering and Automation Technology in Electrical Engineering

With the continuous progress of electrical engineering in China, electrical engineering is gradually developing towards automation, which provides a new impetus for the development of our traditional electrical engineering technology. However, due to the weak foundation of electrical engineering construction in China, the level of electrical engineering in some areas is still relatively backward. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the application of electrical engineering and automation technology in electrical engineering. This paper holds that electrical engineering and automation technology have great prospects and development space in China, especially in underdeveloped areas, and we must fully apply electrical engineering and automation technology to electrical engineering. This paper focuses on the analysis of the application of electrical engineering and automation technology in electrical engineering, such as electrical monitoring technology, automation of power grid dispatching, substation electrical engineering, etc. Through specific research and analysis, it is found that under the same conditions, when the main switch device of incoming line is at 630A, the power supply reliability of power system is greatly improved. In addition, the application of electrical monitoring technology and other automation technologies has brought unprecedented changes to electrical engineering. Applying electrical engineering and automation technology to electrical engineering can effectively improve the overall operation efficiency of the project and promote the rapid development of China’s electrical industry.

Virtual PTZE Symposium on Applied Electromagnetism in Contemporary Engineering and Medicine

13-16 September 2020On-lineThe beginnings of the Polish Society of Applied Electromagnetism (PTZE) date back to the end of the eighties of the last century, i.e. the time which was full of great historical events. Alongside those events, or perhaps along with them, other, smaller, but perhaps no less important, scientific, social and cultural initiatives germinated. One of them, initiated by a group of several people, was the idea of an association of specialists devoted to the applications of electromagnetic field.The goals of PTZE are generally concentrated on the following issues:• promotion of cooperation between scientists of various disciplines in the area of applied electromagnetism;• publishing books, monographs and training materials;• assistance in training young research staff through scholarship exchanges and organization of research internships;• organizing symposiums and conferences, both national and international;• collaboration with existing domestic and foreign companies,• coordination of research work in the area of various applications of electromagnetic field, with particular emphasis on research in response to social concern related to modern electromagnetic techniques.Fulfilling the above fields of activity the members of PTZE and collaborating scientists prepared contributions to the present issue of Journal of Physics Conference Series. The contributions were preceded and inspired by the conference presentations at the Virtual Symposium of Applied Electromagnetism in Modern Engineering and Medicine. Therefore, the papers are devoted to the subject of the conference and present wide spectrum of the electromagnetic field applications. However, the three areas of interests are to be highlighted: modern electrical engineering applications, biotechnological and agricultural applications and bioelectromagnetic and biomedical applications. They constitute the image of the contemporary situation in the world-wide research of applied electromagnetism.All the articles, submitted to the issue, have passed the peer review procedure. The Guest Editors hope that the articles will be helpful in grasping and adopting some ideas connected with the modern applications of electromagnetic field.All papers published in this volume of Journal of Physics: Conference Series have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing.List of Editors of the conference proceedings, Scientifing Committee, Organizing Committee are available in this pdf.

Hamilton Connectivity of Convex Polytopes with Applications to Their Detour Index

A connected graph is called Hamilton-connected if there exists a Hamiltonian path between any pair of its vertices. Determining whether a graph is Hamilton-connected is an NP-complete problem. Hamiltonian and Hamilton-connected graphs have diverse applications in computer science and electrical engineering. The detour index of a graph is defined to be the sum of lengths of detours between all the unordered pairs of vertices. The detour index has diverse applications in chemistry. Computing the detour index for a graph is also an NP-complete problem. In this paper, we study the Hamilton-connectivity of convex polytopes. We construct three infinite families of convex polytopes and show that they are Hamilton-connected. An infinite family of non-Hamilton-connected convex polytopes is also constructed, which, in turn, shows that not all convex polytopes are Hamilton-connected. By using Hamilton connectivity of these families of graphs, we compute exact analytical formulas of their detour index.

InPAs Alloys Use for Electrical Engineering in Hard-radiation Environment

Effective functioning of electronics in high- radiation environment requires developing of novel semiconductor systems with radiation-tolerant properties. In given work, in search of semiconductor materials with immunity to radiation, investigations have been focused on InPxAs1-x alloys. Investigating of electrical and optical characteristics and physical processes, flowing in heavily irradiated InPxAs1-x alloys under high fluences of high-energy electrons and fast neutrons, let us create new generation of radiation-resistant semiconductor materials for electrical engineering application in hard-radiation environment.

InPAs Alloys Use for Electrical Engineering in Hard-radiation Environment

Effective functioning of electronics in high- radiation environment requires developing of novel semiconductor systems with radiation-tolerant properties. In given work, in search of semiconductor materials with immunity to radiation, investigations have been focused on InPxAs1-x alloys. Investigating of electrical and optical characteristics and physical processes, flowing in heavily irradiated InPxAs1-x alloys under high fluences of high-energy electrons and fast neutrons, let us create new generation of radiation-resistant semiconductor materials for electrical engineering application in hard-radiation environment.

Electrical discharges in ferrofluids based on mineral oil and novel gas-to-liquid oil

Ferrofluids consisting of stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles and insulating oils have emerged as a promising substitute for liquid dielectrics in electrical engineering applications. Recent enhancements of electrical insulating liquids rely on preparation of ferrofluids on emerging insulating oils available on the market. The present work reports on a comparative experimental study of insulating properties of a conventional mineral oil (MO)-based ferrofluid and a ferrofluid based on novel insulating oil produced by a gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology. The ferrofluids prepared on the two oils are subjected to rigorous experimental investigation of dielectric breakdown and partial discharges. The experiments are conducted on 4 MO-and 4 GTL-based ferrofluids with equal concentrations of magnetite nanoparticles. Measurements of partial discharges according to IEC 60270 are complemented with high frame–rate photography with positive streamer analysis. Based on the statistical analysis, it is found that MO-based ferrofluids exhibit superior breakdown performance to GTL-based ferrofluids, even though the pure GTL oil exhibits slightly higher mean breakdown voltage than the pure MO. A deeper analysis revealed a significantly greater number of partial discharges in GTL ferrofluids. The positive streamer size is lowered with increasing nanoparticle concentration only in MO-based nanofluids. Differences in the physical properties of the two oils, such as density, viscosity and permittivity, are considered in the interpretation of the different dielectric performance of the two ferrofluids. The experimental comparison leads to better understanding of the breakdown mechanism, and lay the foundations for proper selection of physical properties of a base oil for high performance insulating ferrofluids.