Application Of Time Research Articles

Time-frequency reassignment of blade tip timing signal

The health condition of a rotor blade can be assessed by its dynamic frequency with respect the rotational speed, which can be derived from the time–frequency analysis of the blade vibration signal. Blade tip timing (BTT), as a non-contact measurement technique, provides an alternative to traditional contact strain measurement methods. However, the vibration signal measured by BTT is usually undersampled, which limits the application of conventional time–frequency analysis methods. BTT sparse time–frequency methods utilize the sparsity to reconstruct undersampled BTT signals. Nevertheless, BTT sparse time–frequency representation suffers from poor concentration and inaccurate estimation of the dynamic frequency, especially in the case of fast varying speed and limited BTT sensors. In this paper, a BTT time–frequency reassignment method is proposed to enhance the concentration of the BTT time–frequency spectrum and improve the accuracy of dynamic frequency estimation. Firstly, BTT time–frequency reassignment utilizes the blade natural frequency, obtained from the Campbell diagram, as prior information. The blade dynamic frequency with respect to the rotational speed is estimated by combining the prior frequency with the measured frequency in the Bayesian framework. Subsequently, weights are assigned to both the time–frequency coefficients and the posterior frequency. The time–frequency coefficients are relocated around the posterior frequency according to the weights. The advantages of BTT time–frequency reassignment are demonstrated through a simulation, a laboratory test and a full-scale aeroengine test. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that BTT time–frequency reassignment enhances the concentration of the BTT time–frequency spectrum and improves the accuracy of the estimated dynamic frequency when limited BTT sensors are available. The influence of the prior frequency is discussed to evaluate the robustness of BTT time–frequency reassignment. In the full-scale aeroengine test, the reliability of BTT time–frequency reassignment is verified under the fast varying speed.

Application of electronic time focusing at the engineering materials diffractometer in the China spallation neutron source

The Engineering Materials Diffractometer (EMD) is a new and critical addition to the instrument suite of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). It will support extensive research activities and applications on modern engineering materials. Based on the large multielement detector array, the electronic time focusing method has been successfully applied to deal with the raw neutron data and the constants Ci, corresponding to each single pixel in the detector array, have been calculated using the relation between the time of flight of the Bragg peaks in standard Si sample and their particular d-spacings. The instrument resolution in the mode best suited for strain measurements (∼0.35%) is interpreted and verified as a function of d-spacing via Si and La11B6 standard samples. The results are found to be consistent with the McStas simulations of the instrument physical design.

Analysis of the Application of Emergency Severity Index Toward Patient Triage Response Time In the Emergency Department: Literature Review

Introduction: Triage is the process of determining the condition of patients at risk of death, potential disability, and worsening patient conditions. Response time is crucial in treating patients quickly and accurately. Objective This literature study aims to analyze the application of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage to the Triage Response Time in the Emergency Department. Methods: This research employs a literature review study with an analytic method approach that meets the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search for articles or journals utilizes keywords and Boolean operators to refine the search and select relevant literature. The keywords used include ESI, Triage, Response time," and "Emergency Department. Results: The study reveals the effectiveness of utilizing the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage on Triage Response Time in the Emergency Department. . Conclusion The speed at which nurses respond and determine patient triage can be enhanced through the use of ESI (Emergency Severity Index). To support this, nurses must possess knowledge and skills related to the ESI to minimize the mortality rate of patients.

FDA and EMA Oversight of Disruptive Science on Application of Finite Absorption Time (F.A.T.) Concept in Oral Drug Absorption: Time for Scientific and Regulatory Changes.

Background: It has been demonstrated that the concept of infinite absorption time, associated with the absorption rate constant, which drives a drug's gastrointestinal absorption rate, is not physiologically sound. The recent analysis of oral drug absorption data based on the finite absorption time (F.A.T.) concept and the relevant physiologically based finite-time pharmacokinetic (PBFTPK) models developed provided a better physiologically sound description of oral drug absorption. Methods: In this study, we re-analyzed, using PBFTPK models, seven data sets of ketoprofen, amplodipine, theophylline (three formulations), and two formulations (reference, test) from a levonorgestrel bioequivalence study. Equations for one-compartment-model drugs, for the estimation of fraction of dose absorbed or the bioavailable fraction exclusively from oral data, were developed. Results: In all cases, meaningful estimates for (i) the number of absorption stages, namely, one for ketoprofen and the levonorgestrel formulations, two for amlodipine, the immediate-release theophylline formulation, and the extended-release Theotrim formulation, and three for the extended-release Theodur formulation, (ii) the duration of each absorption stage and the corresponding drug input rate, and (iii) the total duration of drug absorption, which ranged from 0.75 h (ketoprofen) to 11.6 h for Theodur were derived. Estimates for the bioavailable fraction of ketoprofen and two theophylline formulations exhibiting one-compartment-model kinetics were derived. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the detailed characteristics of oral drug absorption. The use of PBFTPK models in drug absorption analysis can be leveraged as a computational framework to discontinue the perpetuation of the mathematical fallacy of classical pharmacokinetic analysis based on the absorption rate constant as well as in the physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) studies and pharmacometrics. The present study is an additional piece of evidence for the scientific and regulatory changes required to be implemented by the regulatory agencies in the not-too-distant future.

Multiple-Access Time and Frequency Transfer over Fiber and Free-Space Link Based on Optical Frequency Comb

We have demonstrated a multiple-access transfer of time and frequency signal over a fiber and free-space link based on an optical frequency comb (OFC). With this transfer technique, two time–frequency signals were disseminated separately from a master site to two slave sites over a 3.9 km fiber and 100 m free-space link for 10,000 s. The timing fluctuations and instabilities of the time and frequency transfer were measured, estimated, and discussed. The experimental results show that the total root-mean-square (RMS) timing fluctuation of the transfer from site A to B is about 119 ps, with a fractional frequency instability on the order of 3.3 × 10−11 at 1 s and 2.8 × 10−14 at 2000 s. The RMS timing fluctuation of the transfer from site A to C is about 59.5 ps, with a fractional frequency instability on the order of 3.0 × 10−11 at 1 s and 2.6 × 10−14 at 2000 s. These results indicate that the multiple-access transfer technique proposed in this paper can provide important support for the application of a large-scale time–frequency synchronization network.

Broadband nonlinear delay and sum (NL-DAS) for baseline-free damage imaging using a sparse sensor network

The Delay and Sum (DAS) method is a well-known damage imaging technique in sparse array guided wave imaging. However, the DAS method requires prior knowledge on the stable baseline state, which makes it ineffective under different operational or environmental conditions, e.g. temperature and moisture, and altered experimental settings, e.g. degraded bonding quality of sensors.This paper proposes a Nonlinear Delay and Sum (NL-DAS) method which does not require prior knowledge about the baseline state, but instead exploits the presence of nonlinear wave/defect interactions. Relatively high-power broadband sweep sine signals are supplied to a sparse sensor array to activate a multitude of nonlinear wave/defect interactions. Application of time–frequency filtering to the response signals allows the isolation of damage-induced broadband nonlinear responses. The isolated broadband nonlinear response signals are subsequently decomposed into a series of narrowband tone burst responses from which a set of damage maps are constructed. To improve the quality of the constructed damage maps, an automated framework is proposed to obtain the frequency-dependent directional group velocities without requiring prior knowledge on material properties. Finally, the resulting set of damage maps is fused into a single broadband NL-DAS damage map.The proposed broadband NL-DAS approach is demonstrated on a simulation dataset, generated with 3D Finite Element method, which is representative for a cross-ply carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) containing a delamination defect. The damage imaging performance is studied for different test conditions in terms of (i) signal-to-noise ratio, (ii) number of sensors and (iii) excitation bandwidth. Experimental validation is illustrated on a CFRP plate containing a barely visible impact damage, and on a CFRP A320 component with a disbond at one of the stiffeners.

Legally admissible amounts of antibiotics in milk affect the growth of lactic acid bacteria

The antibiotic administration in dairy livestock is a current widespread practice. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether milk from antibiotic‐treated animals, following the application of the withdrawal time and fully complying with European requirements in relation to residue content, affected the development of lactic acid bacteria. Forty‐five raw milk samples were collected after the withdrawal period and analysed to verify their compliance with the European maximum limits using four commercial screening tests. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus growth and acidifying activity were delayed from 5 to 8 h in milk from cow treated with β‐lactams and sulfonamides present in low concentration (cephalosporins < 15 μg/kg; penicillins < 8 μg/kg; sulfonamides < 10 μg/kg) and their effect persisted over time. No influences were detected in Streptococcus thermophilus and Lb. helveticus development. The use of antibiotics can hamper the starter performances, opening questions about the safety of dairy products and human health.

IMPLEMENTASI QUALITY OF SERVICE (QoS) DENGAN SISTEM WIFI HOTSPOT VOUCHER PADA JARINGAN MENGGUNAKAN MIKROTIK

Wifi Hotspot is a place or area to access the internet where there is a device, namely an Access Point, which functions to provide internet network services. Before the user can access the hotspot network, the user must first input the voucher code code in order to enjoy the hotspot service. The hotspot service provided by the provider also does not share bandwidth, so if many users enter the hotspot network, the network is most likely unstable due to the absence of bandwidth management. From these problems the author wants to apply hotspot voucher service and schedule time. The application of this hotspot voucher is different from the vouchers provided by the provider. So that users can use this hotspot voucher comfortably. The application of schedule time serves to set the time schedule in accessing internet services. The author developed the waterfall development method because the stages in the waterfall development method such as the requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment and maintenance stages are most suitable for use in this study. From several stages that have been carried out, the application of hotspot vouchers and schedule time is running well, and the internet network is not slow because of the distribution of bandwidth evenly.

Research Progress on Application of Time Nursing in Stroke Patients

Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability in clinic, it is a "killer" that endangers human health and imposes a heavy burden on patients families and society. Stroke is one of the chronic diseases. The rehabilitation of patients is a gradual and long process. As an important part of the rehabilitation of stroke patients, the effectiveness of nursing directly affects the recovery effect and prognosis of patients. In recent years, nursing intervention based on time concept has begun to be popularized and applied in clinical practice. Time nursing measures combined with routine nursing are more conducive to improving patients nursing satisfaction, promoting the harmonious development of nurse-patient relationship, and improving patients psychological state and quality of life. Compared with routine nursing, it has more clinical advantages and has achieved ideal results. Based on this, this article will review the related research of time nursing on stroke patients from the aspects of overview and implementation strategies, and put forward suggestions and prospects for future research, in order to provide reference for time nursing-based intervention for stroke patients.

Application of the Finite Absorption Time (F.A.T.) Concept in the Assessment of Bioequivalence.

Το formulate a methodology for the assessment of bioequivalence using metrics, which are based on the physiologically sound F.A.T. The equations of the physiologically based finite time pharmacokinetic models for the one-and two-compartment model with one and two input stages of absorption were solved to derive metrics for the extent and rate of absorption. Simulated data were used to study the proper way for the estimation of metrics. A bioequivalence study was analyzed using these metrics. The rate of drug absorption was found to be equal to the slope of the amount absorbed versus time curve. The amount of drug absorbed at the end of the absorption process, corresponding to the blood concentration at F.A.T. is an indicator of the extent of absorption. The plot of the ratio test/reference of the simulated data for the amount absorbed as a function of time becomes constant beyond the end of drug absorption from the formulation exhibiting the longer absorption. The assessment of the bioequivalence study was based on the slope of the amount absorbed versus time curve for the rate of absorption, while the estimate for the constant ratio test/reference for the amount absorbed was used for the assessment of extent of absorption. The assessment of rate in bioequivalence studies can be based on the estimation of slope of the percent absorbed versus time curve while the constant ratio test/reference for the amount of drug absorbed is an indicator of the extent of absorption.

Application of Aloe vera addition and different storage time on goat’s milk yogurt with Spirulina platensis to total lactic acid, pH value, viscosity, and antioxidant activity

Abstract Goat milk has begun to be popular with Indonesian people, so it has high prospects for development, because of its higher production, and relatively easy maintenance compared to cow’s milk. This study aims to examine the application of Aloe vera (AV) addition and different storage time on goat’s milk yogurt with Spirulina platensis on total lactic acid (TLA), pH value, viscosity, and antioxidant activity. The research design used a completely randomized factorial design with 3 replications each (3×3×3). The first factor was the addition of AV (A0: 0%, A1: 5%, A2: 10%). The second factor was storage time (B0: 0 days, B1: 8 days, B2: 16 days). Data on TLA, pH value, and viscosity were processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Antioxidant activity was analyzed descriptively. The statistical analysis of TLA, pH value, and viscosity yielded significant results on storage time. The use of higher concentrations of AV increased antioxidant activity, and the longer it was stored, the less. Yogurt with 10% AV can be consumed for up to 8 days. Yogurt with the addition of AV up to the highest concentration of 10% can be used because it produces the most antioxidants compared to 0% and 5%, but the storage time is still safe for use up to 8 days because the TLA is still less than 2%.

Impact Analysis of Biorational Insecticides under Weeded and Non Weeded Habitat on Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Management in Cotton Agroecosystem

Transgenic Bt cotton is effective to a high degree of, with respect to target lepidoptran bollworms, however sucking pests especially whitefly posed a serious issues in absence of bollworm in genetically modified (GM) crops. Therefore, to understand the efficacy of various biorational compounds against whitefly under non-weedy as well as weedy field conditions, studies on whitefly carried out during kharif 2018, to know the changes in number of whitefly adults as well as nymphs. Transgenic hybrid cotton variety RCH 650 was sown with a spacing of 100×45 cm and replicated four times in both non-weedy and weedy habitat. Although, standard check Dimethoate 30 EC proved it’s efficacy after first and second spray in cotton crop against whitefly. Not with standing, after the application of biorational first time as spray in 29th Standard Meteoroloical Week (SMW), Nimbecidine 300 ppm was admitted as most effective in non-weedy (66.76 and 60.65% mean mortality in whitefly adult and nymph, respectively) as well as in weedy habitat that caused 56.77 and 55.54% mean mortality in adult and nymph, respectively over a period of seven days after application. Entomopathogenic fungi Verticillium lecanii found better to control whitefly adults (42.06 and 40.63%), while Metarhizium anisopliae (42.39 and 36.01%) found more effective for nymphal mortality in non-weedy as well as in weedy habitat. One and same pattern of efficacy of biorational was reconstructed against whitefly again after second application of biorational in all the treatment selected to test against whitefly.

Review Papers on Production of Densoshaft-FZM00211

This thesis explores the application of time and motion study techniques to a specific industrial process with the goal of reducing process time while maintaining efficiency and productivity. The study focuses on a detailed examination and analysis of each component i.e. Denso Shaft- FZMOO211of the process to identify inefficiencies and areas for improvement. By utilizing both direct observation and quantitative data collection, the research identifies bottlenecks and unnecessary movements that contribute to prolonged process times. The study employs various methodologies, including process mapping, work sampling, and time measurement, to gather comprehensive data. Key Words: denso shaft, study, productivity, time, measurements

Correlative analysis of different treatments of persistent occipitotransverse position on the outcome for mother and infant.

To explore the clinical feasibility of different treatment methods for persistent occipitotransverse position and the influence on maternal and infant complications. During the trial of vaginal delivery from April 2020 to March 2023 in our hospital, the cervix was fully dilated and the presentation was located at +2 station. Ninety-six pregnant women with fetal presentation at +4 station, occipitotransverse fetal position, maternal complications, abnormalities in the second stage of labor, and or fetal distress were divided into two groups: 65 patients with Kielland forceps vaginal delivery and 31 patients underwent emergency cesarean section. The delivery time, vaginal laceration rate, postpartum blood loss volume, puerperal infection rate, neonatal birth injury rate, and neonatal 1 min Apgar scores were analyzed. The delivery outcomes and maternal and neonatal complications of 96 pregnant women were analyzed: the application of Kielland forceps delivery time was shorter, while the vaginal laceration rate, postpartum hemorrhage, puerperal infection rate were significantly lower than that of patients undergoing emergency cesarean section and the neonatal 1 min Apgar score was higher than that of emergency cesarean section group (p < 0.05). It was clinically appropriate to use Kielland forceps in vaginal delivery when the persistent occipitotransverse position was present and delivery needed to be expediated. Use of Kielland forceps can shorten the delivery time, improve the success rate of vaginal delivery and reduce the complications of mothers and infants.

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG SURGICAL NURSES REGARDING SURGICAL TIME OUT PROTOCOLS IN THE OPERATING ROOM AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL RAWALPINDI

Surgical Time Out protocols are pivotal for ensuring patient safety in operating rooms (ORs), designed to prevent surgical errors such as wrong-patient surgery and retained surgical instruments. Despite established protocols, adherence varies, with potentially fatal outcomes. Aim: The study aims to assess the knowledge and implementation of Surgical Time Out protocols among surgical nurses at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Rawalpindi, determining the impact on patient safety and surgical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 150 OR nurses selected through convenience sampling. A validated questionnaire was employed to collect data on the nurses' knowledge and application of Time Out protocols. Results: Results showed that 68% of nurses had adequate knowledge regarding Time Out protocols, recognizing their essential role in patient safety. Nevertheless, 32% had insufficient knowledge, which could compromise surgical safety. Conclusion: The study concludes that while a majority of nurses understand the importance of Surgical Time Out protocols, there is a significant portion who require further training. It emphasizes the necessity of regular, structured training programs to enhance adherence to Time Out protocols, thereby improving patient safety and reducing preventable surgical complications.

Active Fault-Locating Scheme for Hybrid Distribution Line Based on Mutation of Aerial-Mode Injected Pulse

Due to the overlap of initial traveling wave signals, the traveling wave propagation process in hybrid distribution lines is complicated to analyze. The most significant challenge posed by the traditional passive traveling wave-locating method for hybrid distribution lines lies in identifying the fault section and distinguishing the reflected wave from the fault point or the hybrid connection points. Based on this approach, with the application of the aerial-mode component of the pulse signal generated at the fault point, a fault-section-identification and fault-locating scheme for hybrid distribution feeders with active pulse injection is proposed. When power in a line is cut after a single-to-line ground (SLG) fault occurs, the same pulse is injected into the three phases from the neutral point of the coupling capacitor bank to construct the zero-mode component, which propagates to the SLG fault three-phase asymmetrical point, producing an aerial-mode component that is reflected back to the first end of the line. With the application of the arrival time of an aerial-mode wavefront, it is simple to locate the SLG fault for arbitrary forms of hybrid lines. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the fault-locating scheme under different feeders, different fault locations, and fault resistances. The results of the experiments confirm the high practical value of the proposed method.

Analysis of the Application of Time Stamping Technology in Traffic Off-site Enforcement

This paper analyses the background of traffic off-site law enforcement and proposes the application of time stamping technology in this scenario, in view of the controversies of "large quantity", "difficult to preserve" and "easy to be tampered with" of the electronic evidence formed in traffic off-site law enforcement. It proposes to apply time stamping technology in this scenario. By analyzing the principle of time stamping technology, focusing on the advantages and challenges of time stamping technology in this scenario, we put forward suggestions covering the guarantee of regulatory compliance and transparent communication, the guarantee of system updating and upgrading and compatibility, and the enhancement of operator's skills and cognitive level, etc., so as to analyses the possibility of the application of time stamping technology in the off-site traffic law enforcement, to ensure the accurate recording and authenticity of the electronic evidences, and provide strong support for the application of time stamping technology. strong support for the application of time-stamping technology. Through the research of this paper, we deeply understand the key position of time-stamping technology in off-site traffic law enforcement, and provide a comprehensive and feasible solution for the authenticity and legality of electronic evidence.

Growth Response of Mucuna bracteata with the Application of Local Micro Organisms (LMO) of Banana Weevil

This research aims to determine the effect of concentration and duration immersion giving LOM banana weevil against the gowth of Mucuna bracteata. The research was conducted in the garden of Jalan Setia Bangun Pasar III, Sei Beras Sekata, Kecamatan sunggal, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatra utara and continued in the laboratory of the Indonesian Oil Palm Research Institute (IOPRI). This research was started in April-June 2020. This study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial. The first factor was the concentration of local microorganisms (LMO) of Banana Weevil consisting of 4 levels, namely: Without treatment, 15%, 30%, 45%. The second factor. The duration of immersion consists of 4 levels, namely: No immersion time, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes. Observation data were analyzed usingDuncan's Multiple Range Test with a significant 5%. The results showed that the LMO concentration of banana weevil was effective in increasing the gowth of the number of leaves 39.77, tendril length 83.14 cm, shoot fresh weight 28.54 g, and shoot dry weight 6.03 g. The duration of soaking had a significant effect on the highest number of leaves at week 3 (9.63 pieces). The interaction application of banana weevil concentration and soaking time affected the number of root nodules (40.50 gains) and root dry weight (0.73) g of theplant Mucuna bracteata.

Hardware and Software Design and Implementation of Surface-EMG-Based Gesture Recognition and Control System

The continuous advancement of electronic technology has led to the gradual integration of automated intelligent devices into various aspects of human life. Motion gesture-based human–computer interaction systems offer abundant information, user-friendly functionalities, and visual cues. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals enable the decoding of muscle movements, facilitating the realization of corresponding control functions. Considering the inherent instability and minuscule nature of sEMG signals, this thesis proposes the integration of a dynamic time regularization algorithm to enhance gesture recognition detection accuracy and real-time system performance. The application of the dynamic time warping algorithm allows the fusion of three sEMG signals, enabling for the calculation of similarity between the sample and the model. This process facilitates gesture recognition and ensures effective communication between individuals and the 3D printed prosthesis. Utilizing this algorithm, the best feature model was generated by amalgamating six types of gesture classification model. A total of 600 training and evaluation experiments were performed, with each movement recognized 100 times. The experimental tests demonstrate that the accuracy of gesture recognition and prosthetic limb control using the temporal dynamic regularization algorithm achieves an impressive 93.75%, surpassing the performance of the traditional threshold control switch.

Professional learning in primary science: developing teacher confidence to improve the leadership of teaching and learning

ABSTRACT The worrying decline in the status of primary school science in schools in England has been linked to low teacher confidence in teaching science and to schools being heavily focused on achievement in English and mathematics. This article reports on a novel professional learning strategy that was provided for 23 primary science leaders over five half-day workshops. Workshops focused on key topics that teachers reported having least confidence in teaching. Through a structured series of learning episodes, each workshop included knowledge and skills acquisition, opportunities to apply new knowledge and skills to primary-focused practicals, the introduction and application of scientific vocabulary, discussion and reflection time. Findings from pre- and post-workshop questionnaires undertaken with all participants and in-depth interviews with eight participants were examined from a phenomenological perspective. Participants reported that the workshops had significant and positive influences on raising their ability to teach science effectively and to build their confidence in leading colleagues. Participants also reported that the status of science in their schools had been improved.