Application Of Monitoring System Research Articles

Microcracked strain sensor based on carbon nanotubes/copper composite film with high performance and waterproof property for underwater motion detection

As flexible strain sensors have been widely used for monitoring human movement effectively, the exploration of this type of sensor will be of great interest to the sensor research community. This paper presents a flexible strain sensor with outstanding performance and straightforward preparation based on microcrack. A polyurethane film is used as a flexible substrate and carbon nanotube/copper composite films are used as sensitive layers for the strain sensors, which are completely encapsulated in polydimethylsiloxane. Furthermore, the surface morphology of the sensor and the form of crack development are represented in this report, as well as a comprehensive test of the performance. The results show that we designed and manufactured a strain sensor with gauge factors of 60.0 (0 < ε < 14%), 210.6 (14% < ε < 30%) and even up to 348 (30% < ε < 50%) with a sensing range of up to 50%. Under the condition of 60% tensile strain, the sensor can be loaded/unloaded at 2 × 103 cycles without any significant change in the relative rate of change curve of its resistance. The sensor has excellent water resistance and reliability, proving that it can be adapted to most scenarios when used daily. The paper shows that the method produces a sensor with commendable performance and has a significant potential for applications in human motion monitoring systems and electronic skins in water.

Industrial Application of Data-Driven Process Monitoring with an Automatic Selection Strategy for Modeling Data

The increasing scale of industrial processes has significantly motivated the development of data-driven fault detection and diagnosis techniques. The selection of representative fault-free modeling data from operation history is an important prerequisite to establishing a long-term effective process monitoring model. However, industrial data are characterized by a high dimension and multimode, and are also contaminated with both outliers and frequent random disturbances, making automatic modeling data selection a great challenge in industrial applications. In this work, an information entropy-based automatic selection strategy for modeling data is proposed, based on which a general real-time process monitoring framework is developed for a large-scale industrial methanol to olefin unit with multiple operating conditions. Modeling data representing normal operating conditions are automatically selected with only a few manually defined normal samples. A long-term effective process monitoring model is then established based on a multi-layer autoencoder, through which unexpected disturbances in real-time operation can be detected early and the root cause can be preliminarily diagnosed by contribution plots. The adjustment of operating conditions has also been considered through a model update strategy. Details of the proposed data selection strategy and modeling process have been provided to facilitate the industrial application of process monitoring systems by other researchers or companies.

Light-driven, ultra-sensitive and multifunctional ammonia wireless sensing system by plasmonic-functionalized Nb2CTx MXenes towards smart agriculture

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT), the smart agriculture has played a key role in modern society. For the purpose of constructing smart agriculture systems, the distributed sensors should be applied, especially for the ammonia gas (NH3) sensing devices with versatile functions. However, the traditional NH3 sensors with the resistive heater severely restrict the development of room-temperature gas sensors, flexible electronics and integration of circuits in the practical application of IoT. Herein, a light-driven NH3 sensor based on plasmonic-functionalized metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) is developed to achieve the room-temperature, ultra-sensitive NH3 sensing towards smart agriculture. The in-situ oxidized niobium carbide (HT-Nb2CTx) serves as NH3 adsorption sites as well as conductive layers on flexible PET substrates to induce a large charge transfer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further verify that NH3 adsorption energy is remarkably increased on in-situ oxidized sites. Most noteworthy is that plasmonic Au nanorods, as the local heating sites of 20 nm replace the extra resistive heater to promote the NH3 sensing reaction under 980 nm light, taking the advantage of photo-thermal effects of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Such Au/HT-Nb2CTx based gas sensors exhibits the trace NH3 sensing ability with a low limit of detection (LOD=500 ppb) and full recovery. The sensitivity (80 % for 100 ppm of NH3) is more than two times higher compared with the counterparts without Au NRs. A light-driven, portable NH3 sensing and alarming system consisted with the gas/temperature/humidity sensors is wirelessly connected to a mobile phone to realize the “round-the-clock” environment monitoring. This proof of the sensing device using Au/HT-Nb2CTx exhibits the potential application in the next-generation NH3 monitoring system in the future smart agriculture.

Carbon-Based Flexible Devices for Comprehensive Health Monitoring.

Traditional public health systems suffer from incomprehensive, delayed, and inefficient medical services. Convenient and comprehensive health monitoring has been highly sought after recently. Flexible and wearable devices are attracting wide attention due to their potential applications in wearable human health monitoring and care systems. Using carbon materials with overall superiorities can facilitate the development of wearable and flexible devices with various functions and excellent performance, which can comprehensively and real-time monitor human health status and prevent diseases. Herein, the latest advances in the rational design and controlled fabrication of carbon materials for applications in health-related flexible and wearable electronics are reviewed. The fabrication strategies, working mechanism, performance, and applications in health monitoring of carbon-based flexible devices, including electromechanical sensors, temperature/humidity sensors, chemical sensors, and flexible conductive wires/electrodes, are reviewed. Furthermore, integrating multiple carbon-based devices into multifunctional wearable systems is discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future opportunities in this field are also proposed.

Theoretical and experimental investigations on control parameters of piezo-based vibro-acoustic modulation health monitoring of contact acoustic nonlinearity in a sandwich beam

Contact-type defects are prevalent in composite constructions and sandwich panels due to failure mechanisms such as bolt loosening and delamination. Contact acoustic nonlinearity is a manifestation of such defects that nonlinear health monitoring systems can detect. Vibro-acoustic modulation (VAM) is a well-established technique for the early detection of nonlinear defects in structures. It employs bi-tone excitation to reveal damage-induced nonlinearity, which results in the appearance of sidebands in the response spectrum. The objective of this research is to use PZT-based excitation to monitor bolt loosening in a sandwich beam in real-time. To address the limited capacity of the PZT transducers to excite the nonlinear mechanism, a sensitivity analysis (SA) for input factors of VAM testing was conducted to improve damage detection using the results. The Morris approach is used to investigate the sensitivity of VAM damage metrics derived analytically in the frequency domain. To reduce the number of tests required for the experimental SA, the response surface methodology (RSM) is applied. The analysis of variance and Fischer's statistics are used to calculate the SA of experimental damage indices. In RSM computations, the discrete influence of excitation frequencies on the modulation sidebands is addressed. For reliable SA of experimental results, the effect of background noise is taken into account. The findings of this study may be applied to the selection of appropriate damage metrics in real-world applications of VAM health monitoring systems, as well as the effective tuning of input control parameters to maximize damage detectability.

Retracted: The Application of a Computer Monitoring System Using IoT Technology.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/4033886.].

An acoustic emission approach to the structural health monitoring of historical metallic tie-rods

The application of Non-Destructive testing and Structural Health Monitoring systems in historical buildings is of great interest and actuality due to the need to guarantee safety and conservation. The present memory focuses on the case study of the historical wrought iron tie-rods of Duomo di Milano, Italy. In recent years, two of these elements presented critical failures, making necessary the replacement. Consequently, a monitoring methodology, based on acoustic emission, was defined. First, the fracture toughness of historical wrought iron was experimentally characterized by employing standard small scale specimens taken from one of the failed tie-rods. At the same time, acoustic emission was acquired to define a methodology for detecting and localizing the events due to damage in the material, separating those due to background noise by applying suitable pattern recognition algorithms. Subsequently, a tensile test was performed on a full scale section of the same tie-rod. Before and after the test, phased-array ultrasonic testing and magnetic particles inspections were carried out to identify and map defects and their possible development due to load application. From the analysis, it was possible to conclude that magnetic inspections allow identifying the presence of surface defects effectively, phased-array ultrasonic testing allows to estimate the geometry of the defect accurately and acoustic emission has proved to be a promising technique for monitoring the structural integrity of in-service historical metallic tie-rods. EWGAE 35, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 13th – 16th Sep. www.ewg

Preliminary Results of a Structural Health Monitoring System Application for Real-Time Debonding Detection on a Full-Scale Composite Spar.

The present paper reports the outcomes of activities concerning a real-time SHM system for debonding flaw detection based on ground testing of an aircraft structural component as a basis for condition-based maintenance. In this application, a damage detection method unrelated to structural or load models is investigated. In the reported application, the system is applied for real-time detection of two flaws, kissing bond type, artificially deployed over a full-scale composite spar under the action of external bending loads. The proposed algorithm, local high-edge onset (LHEO), detects damage as an edge onset in both the space and time domains, correlating current strain levels to next strain levels within a sliding inner product proportional to the sensor step and the acquisition time interval, respectively. Real-time implementation can run on a consumer-grade computer. The SHM algorithm was written in Matlab and compiled as a Python module, then called from a multiprocess wrapper code with separate operations for data reception and data elaboration. The proposed SHM system is made of FBG arrays, an interrogator, an in-house SHM code, an original decoding software (SW) for real-time implementation of multiple SHM algorithms and a continuous interface with an external operator.

Research on Detection and Safety Evaluation System of Huimin Lane Bridge based on BIM

With the continuous improvement of the national social and economic level the size and quantity of various types of infrastructure in our country have been improved and the community has put forward higher requirements on the level and quality of the construction. In recent years the bridge collapse accidents occur frequently, but our country bridge inspection and safety assessment of the system was established late, our country bridge structure health monitoring system research and application began in the 90. of the 20th century, the implementation of large-scale infrastructure construction projects, bridge health monitoring system also will be rapid development this paper discusses the based on BIM bridge inspection and safety assessment system, and puts forward some practical measures, provides the reference for improving bridge inspection and safety assessment of the system operation level.

Pengembangan Aplikasi Monitoring Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Luar Biasa Menggunakan Metode User Centered Design (UCD)

Special School B (SLB B) Yakut Purwokerto is an extraordinary school that focuses on handling Deaf Children with Special Needs (ABK) under the auspices of the Tama Business Welfare Foundation (YAKUT). In the process of monitoring student progress for guardians, SLB B Yakut Purwokerto still uses manuals and serves individual guardians. This is of course very ineffective and efficient. In addition, teachers also use social media in the form of WhatsApp to contact students' parents when students have finished learning activities at school. The development of technology is currently very rapid and it is appropriate for SLB B Yakut Purwokerto to develop monitoring activities using an effective and efficient system. Based on a review of several previous studies, User Centered Design (UCD) is an effective and most frequently used method to build an application. In understanding the user's cognition, character, and attitude, the design of the monitoring application for SLB B YAKUT Purwokerto students must focus on the user by applying the User Centered Design (UCD) method so that the application seems more interactive. The collection of user needs is carried out using three ways, including observation, interviews, and collecting the required documents. There are 5 stages that must be passed to implement the UCD method, plan the human-centered process, specifically the context of use, specify user and organizational requirements, product design solutions, and evaluate design against user requirements. The result of this research is that the design of the SoBat Yakut Monitoring System application design has been successfully completed to the prototype stage.

Application of Passive Wireless Temperature Online Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things Technology in Substation

With the improvement of the automation level of the power system, the number of operation and maintenance personnel continues to decrease, but the use of switchgear is quite large. Since the switchgear is a metal armoured device with a closed shell, the hot spots inside the switchgear cannot be detected in time during operation. Effective temperature measurement and the safety of equipment cannot be effectively guaranteed. In order to avoid the aging caused by the excessive current load of the switch cabinet, poor contact of cable joints and contacts, or long-term operation, which will cause heat in the place, forming a vicious circle and eventually leading to insulation breakdown or fire accidents, Establish a wireless temperature measurement system for switch cabinets to monitor the temperature of the parts where the equipment is prone to overheat, and issue an alarm message when the temperature rises abnormally. At present, the manual inspection of switch cabinets in the power supply system cannot effectively and timely detect fire hazards, so the problem of online monitoring of switch cabinet temperature is particularly prominent. Using the Internet of Things sensing technology and communication technology, build an Internet of Things-based electrical connection point temperature online monitoring system, the all-weather real-time monitoring of the connection parts of high-voltage electrical equipment can effectively reduce the equipment failure rate, promote the condition maintenance of power equipment, and ensure the safe and economical operation of the power system.

Application of Patient Intelligent Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things and Cloud Platform

In order to reduce the work intensity of traditional medical staff on patient patrol and timely understand the status of various indicators of patients, a set of patient intelligent monitoring system which based on Internet of things and cloud platform is designed. This study uses the internet of things technology to monitor the patient's heartbeat, pulse, ballistocardiography, body position, whether out of bed and sleep quality. The data is transmitted through optical fiber sensing technology and uploaded to the cloud platform to understand the patient's situation in real time. The results show that the system has stable performance and can ensure the real-time and accuracy of medical information. Meeting the needs of ward front-line management, not only reduce the workload of nurses, but also improve work efficiency. It is great significance to ward management and the development of hospital information construction.

Multifunctional and Wearable Patches Based on Flexible Piezoelectric Acoustics for Integrated Sensing, Localization, and Underwater Communication

AbstractFlexible and wearable sensors are highly desired for health monitoring, agriculture, sport, and indoor positioning systems applications. However, the currently developed wireless wearable sensors, which are communicated through radio signals, can only provide limited positioning accuracy and are often ineffective in underwater conditions. In this paper, a wireless platform based on flexible piezoelectric acoustics is developed with multiple functions of sensing, communication, and positioning. Under a high frequency (≈13 MHz) stimulation, Lamb waves are generated for respiratory monitoring. Whereas under low‐frequency stimulation (≈20 kHz), this device is agitated as a vibrating membrane, which can be implemented for communication and positioning applications. Indoor communication is demonstrated within 2.8 m at 200 bps or 4.2 m at 25 bps. In combination with the sensing function, real‐time respiratory monitoring and wireless communication are achieved simultaneously. The distance measurement is achieved based on the phase differences of transmitted and received acoustic signals within a range of 100 cm, with a maximum error of 3 cm. This study offers new insights into the communication and positioning applications using flexible acoustic wave devices, which are promising for wireless and wearable sensor networks.

Application research on ecological environment prevention and monitoring based on Beidou navigation Intelligent System (IS)

As China&apos;s Beidou satellite navigation system has fully covered the Asia Pacific region and the commercialization of BDS navigation industry has taken the lead in pilot promotion in the field of transportation, satellite navigation based IS has become a hot spot in the research of ecological environment prevention and monitoring. This paper discusses the index system and principle of Beidou navigation ground measurement and control system and Beidou IS ecological environment monitoring. By taking the temperature, humidity, wind speed and historical visibility values of the predicted day as sample data, the application of ecological environment prevention and monitoring of Beidou navigation IS is detected; The results showed that the range of temperature change in one week was 23.1 ∼ 24.3°C, and the difference was 0.1°C; The highest humidity is 84.9%, and the lowest humidity is 58.9%; When the maximum visibility is 15.1m in a week, the wind force is 4.9m/s; When the minimum visibility is 3.3m, the wind force is 1.8m/s. There is no significant relationship between daily temperature, humidity, wind speed and historical visibility value in a week. Therefore, the application of Beidou navigation intelligent monitoring system and ecological environment prevention and control monitoring can timely and accurately monitor and analyze the environmental conditions.

Complexity and approximability of Minimum Path-Collection Exact Covers

This work considers the Minimum Path-Collection Exact Cover (PCEC) and the Minimum k-Path Splitting Exact Cover (k-PSEC). Both problems receive a digraph G and a set P of paths in G, and their objective is to find a minimum cardinality set S of paths, whose elements are arc-disjoint and cover all arcs of G. Despite the similarities, the solutions for each problem must satisfy different properties. For k-PSEC, the set S must be obtained by splitting the paths in P in order to guarantee that no element of S has length greater than a given integer k. For PCEC, the paths in P cannot be split, and the elements of S are single arcs of G or complete paths of P.PCEC and k-PSEC have practical applications in network design and network monitoring systems, being also natural versions of graph covering problems. However, there are no theoretical studies on their complexity. This work not only presents NP-hardness results for the problems, but also proves that, unless P=NP, PCEC cannot be |P|O(1)-approximated in polynomial-time. Moreover, polynomial-time algorithms are presented for paths, cycles, and trees, and polynomial-time approximation algorithms are proposed for special cases of k-PSEC.

Ultra-fast self-healable stretchable bio-based elastomer/graphene ink using fluid dynamics process for printed wearable sweat-monitoring sensor

The practical application of wearable real-time monitoring systems is currently restricted by the irreversible mechanical damage and fracture of their sensors during physical activity, which has inspired the development of self-healable ink materials. However, progress in this field is limited by the difficulty of combining high mechanical strength with high conductivity and realizing scalable and efficient fabrication. Herein, a fluid dynamics process is used to prepare a self-healable, robust, and conductive ink through the incorporation of graphene into a self-healing polymer, namely poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol succinate-co-citrate). The corresponding screen-printed serpentine-structured electrode exhibits spontaneous conductivity self-healing during 10 cut-heal cycles and at a tensile strain of 200% under ambient conditions. These unique properties are used to fabricate a highly stretchable electrochemical Na+ sensor with a high self-healing efficiency (average sensitivity retention of 99%). On-body tests reveal that this wearable sensor is well suited for the real-time monitoring of sweat during physical exercise and is capable of autonomous repair after mechanical cutting, showing a healing time of ∼12 s. Thus, our work paves the way to the commercialization of devices typically requiring a combination of mechanical resilience and stable electrical performance, e.g., e-skin, sweat sensors, soft robotics, and biofuel cells.

Tunable stochastic resonance based on the optimization of centrifugal distance for rotation-induced energy harvesting

Energy harvesting from rotating systems has been developed into an important topic as a promising solution for realizing the powering applications of tire monitoring systems. Because of relatively narrow bandwidth of the efficiently operating response, this paper proposes a principle for optimizing the centrifugal distance for tuning frequency matching between stochastic resonance and the external rotation environments. It can minimize the negative effect of a low energy orbit owing to the optimally stabilized stochastic resonance, particularly over the low frequency range before high energy orbit oscillation. The centrifugal force caused by the behavior of rotation acting on the tip mass of the cantilever changes the equivalent stiffness of the cantilever and thus can tune the variation in the Kramers escape rate. Through the match-able relationship of a non-linear bitable system between the Kramers rate and the external rotation frequency, the expression of the optimally centrifugal distance can be solved by theoretical derivation and numerical analysis. The results of simulations and laboratory experiments simultaneously demonstrate that the centrifugal distance is tuned to be the optimal 6.45 cm as theoretically analyzed, and the effective bandwidth of energy harvesting can be stabilized from 30 rad s−1 to 50 rad s−1. While its maximum root mean square voltage can reach the value of 1.23 V corresponding to a harvesting average power of 45.55 μW, owing to the high matching relationship between stochastic resonance and external rotation frequencies. Thus, by the theoretical optimization of centrifugal distance, the frequency of stochastic resonance can be tuned for matching the externally rotating environments, and further improving the operating performance of rotating-induced energy harvesting.

Research and application of photovoltaic cell online monitoring system for animal robot stimulator

Power supply plays a key role in ensuring animal robots to obtain effective stimulation. To extending the stimulating time, there is a need to apply photovoltaic cells and monitor their parameter variations, which can help operators to obtain the optimal stimulation strategy. In this paper, an online monitoring system of photovoltaic cells for animal robot stimulators was presented. It was composed of battery information sampling circuit, multi-channel neural signal generator, power module and human-computer interaction interface. When the signal generator was working, remote navigation control of animal robot could be achieved, and the battery voltage, current, temperature and electricity information was collected through the battery information sampling circuit and displayed on the human-computer interaction system in real time. If there was any abnormal status, alarm would be activated. The battery parameters were obtained by charging and discharging test. The battery life under different light intensity and the stimulation effect of neural signal generator were tested. Results showed that the sampling errors of battery voltage, current and electric quantity were less than 15 mV, 5 mA and 6 mAh, respectively. Compared with the system without photovoltaic cells, the battery life was extended by 148% at the light intensity of 78 320 lx, solving the battery life problem to some extent. When animal robot was stimulated with this system, left and right turns could be controlled to complete with the success rate more than 80%. It will help researchers to optimize animal robot control strategies through the parameters obtained in this system.

Application of Optical Surface Monitoring System in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Liver Metastases Patient

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in liver tumors has been a challenging treatment due to the diaphragm-induced motion. Optical surface monitoring system (OSMS) provides the functions of positioning and motion management, which has been widely used in recent years because it is non-ionizing, non-invasive and contactless. The purpose of this study was to explore the application of OSMS in liver metastasis patients. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> 33 liver metastasis SBRT patients, who were treated between August 2019 to September 2021, were divided into two groups. 14 patients in Group A were aligned using skin marking (1 anterior and 2 laterals). 19 patients in Group B were aligned near to the skin marking at the initial step. Next, the ‘move couch' function on OSMS was applied if the patient's body rotations were less than 1 degrees according to the OSMS deltas value. The setup errors and setup time were recorded in both groups. <h3>Results</h3> Total of 88 and 106 CBCT images in group A and B were analyzed. The absolute setup errors for Groups A and B were (0.21 ± 0.15) cm, (0.37 ± 0.38) cm, (0.35 ± 0.33) cm, (0.8 ± 0.3), (1.2±0.5), (1.8 ± 0.7), and (0.04 ± 0.02) cm, (0.28 ± 0.13) cm, (0.03 ± 0.02) cm, (0.1 ± 0.2), (0.1 ± 0.2), and (0.3 ± 0.4) in vertical, longitudinal, lateral, rotation, pitch and roll directions respectively. Positioning accuracy in Group B is far superior to Group A especially in rotational directions. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The average setup time was 2.8 minutes and 3.0 minutes for Group A and B. There was no significant difference in mean setup time. Setup time using OSMS was gradually improved as more experiences gained by the therapist. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The study has proven that OSMS is an effective and efficient tool for liver metastasis patients. It can increase the setup accuracy and reduce repeated setup. Continuous real time monitoring is of high clinical value for liver tumor motion management.

Electromagnetic Assessment of UHF-RFID Devices in Healthcare Environment

In this work, the evaluation of electromagnetic effect of Ultra High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (UHF-RFID) passive tags used in the healthcare environment is presented. In order to evaluate exposure levels caused by EM field (865–868 MHz) of UHF-RFID readers, EM measurements in an anechoic chamber and in a real medical environment (Hospital Universitario de Canarias), as well as simulations by 3D Ray Launching algorithm, and of biophysical exposure effects in human models are presented. The results obtained show that the EM exposure is localized, in close vicinity of RFID reader and inversely proportional to its reading range. The EM exposure levels detected are sufficient to cause EM immunity effects in electronic devices (malfunctions in medical equipment or implants). Moreover, more than negligible direct effects in humans (exceeding relevant SAR values) were found only next to the reader, up to approximately 30% of the reading range. As a consequence, the EM risk could be firstly evaluated based on RFID parameters, but should include an in situ exposure assessment. It requires attention and additional studies, as increased applications of monitoring systems are observed in the healthcare sector—specifically when any system is located close to the workplace that is permanently occupied.