Application Of Electric Field Treatment Research Articles

NANOSECOND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD MODULATES IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF LYMPHOCYTES

Introduction: Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have been shown to have anticancer effects, but little is known about the mechanisms modulating the immune landscape. According to the applied parameters (voltage, pulse duration, pulse delivery frequency, and a number of pulses), it is possible to achieve a specific effect modulating the immunophenotype of cancer cells. This study aims to identify changes in the expression profile of antigens defining lymphocyte maturity and function. Materials and Methods: We treated the Jurkat cell line with PEF. We tested different parameters of electroporation (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 kV/cm, 100, 200 and 100 ns pulses, 25, 100, 250, and 500 pulses, 1, 10 and Hz). For the detection of cell permeabilization, Yo-Pro-1 and flow cytometry were employed. Cell viability was analyzed after 24h by MTT Assay. ATP levels in culture were measured using Cell-Titer-Glo® Assay after 24 hours. The expression of cell markers was determined using flow cytometry. Results: The obtained results confirmed that electroporation permeabilizes the cell membrane and modulates the immunophenotype of Jurkat cells. Moreover, we observed that the ATP release increases when higher electric fields are applied. Application of 10kHz-100Hz and 25 pulses of nsPEF induces an increase in the expression of CD154 costimulatory molecule, which regulates the immune response by priming T cells and activating immune cells. Simultaneously, we increase the expression of the early activation marker CD69, indicating the ability to activate lymphocytes. The application of the 10kHz parameter upregulated the expression of antigens involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells (CD183), controlling homeostasis of peripheral T lymphocytes (CD127) and regulating platelet adhesion (CD61). Importantly, we thus noted there was no alteration in the expression of CD95, which can mediate the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. On the contrary, significant CD7 subexpression was observed when 10Hz nsPEF was applied. In general, the cells have not undergone cell death with lower electric field parameters but have modified their immunophenotype. Based on our studies, we propose a mechanism in which the cells: (1) permeabilize the cell membrane, (2) increase the expression of lymphocyte-activation antigens, and (3) downregulate the expression of CD7. Conclusions: Concluding, we can state that nsPEF can be a promising approach in immunotherapy via enhancing the presentation of lymphocyte-activation antigens. Also, we proved that application of electric field treatment could modulate the expression profile of lymphocytes while avoiding cell death. Encore Abstract - previously submitted to regional or national meetings (up to < 1’000 attendees) The research was funded by: This research was founded by the Polish National Centre of Science of DAINA 2 (2020/38/L/NZ7/00342; PI: J. Kulbacka), and the Research Council of Lithuania grant (Nr. S-LL-21-4, PI: V. Novickij). Keywords: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers, Basic and Translational Science - Other No conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract.

Improving postharvest quality of tomato with the application of electric field treatment

Improving postharvest quality of tomato with the application of electric field treatment

Solute atom migration in GH4169 superalloy under electrostatic fields

Electric field treatment (EFT) was applied on GH4169 alloy during aging at 500–800°C to investigate the microstructure and property variation of the alloy under the action of EFT. The results demonstrate that the short-distance diffusion of Al, Ti, and Nb atoms can be accelerated by EFT, which results in the coarsening of γ′ and γ″ phases. Meanwhile, lattice distortion can be caused by the segregation of Fe and Cr atoms, owing to the vacancy flows migrating toward the charged surfaces of the alloy. Therefore, the alloy is hardened by the application of EFT, even if the strength of the alloy is partly reduced, which is caused by precipitation coarsening.

Influence of Uniform Electric Field in Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils

Electrokinetic remediation is an effective technology to enhance bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil as the transport process of non-polar organic contaminants in soil was promoted under low-power direct current electric fields. In this study three treatments including the application of electric field treatment alone, inoculation treatment alone, and combination of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment were carried out. The results indicated that highest removal efficiency was 83% in couple of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment. TPH concentration decreased from 6000 mg.kg-1 to 2000 mg.kg-1 when a 30 voltage direct current electric field was applied to oil-contaminated soil for 10 min after 4 days. It was observed that dehydrogenase activity had no increase after application direct current electric field. However, the TPH degradation efficiency was 52% higher than the control treatment. GC analysis showed that n-alkanes (C14-C31) were preferentially degraded, and soil remaindered more low quality compounds after the application of electric field treatment applied 52 days. These results indicated that the application of electric field improved degradation of inoculated bacteria through promoting the transport of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous and electron acceptors.

Effects of electric field treatments on phenol compounds of brandy aging in oak barrels

Abstract The effects of applying an electric field (EF) treatment with 1 kV/cm (50 Hz) on brandy stored in 5-L and 2-L oak barrels, respectively, for over 14 months to simulate the natural aging process were investigated in this paper, as compared with brandy sample naturally aged in 225-L oak barrels. Results demonstrated that the content of phenol compounds in brandy such as tannins, total phenols as well as volatile phenols were significantly increased after treatment by EF, with tannin concentration of the brandy treated by EF being 54.4% and 43.9% higher than those of the control brandy after 14 months of maturation in 5-Land 2-L barrels, respectively. On the other hand, the chromatic aberration of the brandy treated by EF for 14 months was 19.2% and 24.9% higher than the control in 5-L and 2-L barrels, respectively. It was also demonstrated that the EF treated samples in 5-L barrels for 7 months and in 2-L barrels for 5 months exceeded the content of tannins of those naturally aged for 12 months in 225-L oak barrels used in the brandy industry. Ten kinds of phenol compounds were identified, which could be divided into three categories based on clustering analysis, and the kinetic model of oak phenol compounds extracted by brandy demonstrated that EF treatment played a positive role in accelerating the extraction of phenol compounds and its effect was more significant than the size of barrel. The current study demonstrated that application of EF treatment directly on oak barrel is a promising and feasible technology to speed up brandy maturation. Industrial relevance The current study demonstrated that application of electric field treatment directly on oak barrels is a promising and feasible technology to speed up brandy maturation for the industry.

Effect of Electric Field Treatments on Brandy Aging in Oak Barrels

The influence of applying an electric field (EF) treatment (1 kV/cm, 50 Hz) on a brandy stored in a 5-L oak barrel to simulate the industry application during 180 days was investigated in this paper. The compositions in the EF-treated and control brandy sample including tannins, total phenols, volatile phenols, esters as well as unpleasant compounds were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and solid phase micro-extraction along with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results showed that after being treated by EF the content of most beneficial materials on brandy quality such as tannins, total phenols, volatile phenols as well as esters was increased while the content of some harmful compounds (acetaldehyde, acetal, and higher alcohols) was decreased. The amounts of acetaldehyde and higher alcohols on treated sample were 7.1% and 10.5% lower than the control one, respectively. On the other hand, the content of tannins and total phenols in brandy treated for 180 days was significantly higher than the control sample. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the maturation process and esterification in oak barrel brandy was enhanced and the quality of the brandy was improved by EF treatment. The application of electric field treatment directly on oak barrel is a promising and feasible technology to accelerate brandy maturation.