Application Of Nanotechnology Research Articles

Peptide‐Guided Self‐Assembly: Fabrication of Tailored Spiral‐Like Nanostructures for Precise Inorganic Templating

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptides (SAPs) are versatile building blocks in the creation of hierarchical nanostructures. Although SAPs promise precise control over assembled morphology and dimensions, experimental validation is still crucial. In this sense, recent efforts have focused on nanospiral structures, which mimic natural architectures and hold potential for biomedical and nanotechnological applications. Here, it is demonstrated that SARS‐CoV‐2 fusion peptides are able to form specific spiral‐like structures using interfacial assembly as a fabrication methodology, along with fine‐tuning of the spiral ensembles through an imposed interfacial flow due to the uniaxial compression in a Langmuir–Blodgett trough. Molecular characterization by atomic force microscopy, neutron reflectometry, interfacial shear rheology, and infrared spectroscopy, highlighted how variations in fusion peptide sequences influence assembly, highlighting the importance of molecular design. These spiral structures are subsequently modified to serve as templates for metallic replicas, expanding the potential of peptide‐guided self‐assembly in fabricating tailored nanostructured surfaces with sub‐10 nm dimensions over cm2 areas.

19]Starphene: Combined In‐Solution and On‐Surface Synthesis Towards the Largest Starphene

AbstractStarphenes are structurally appealing three‐fold symmetric polycyclic aromatic compounds with potential interesting applications in molecular electronics and nanotechnology. This family of star‐shaped polyarenes can be regarded as three acenes that are connected through a single benzene ring. In fact, just like acenes, unsubstituted large starphenes are poorly soluble and highly reactive molecules under ambient conditions making their synthesis difficult to achieve. Herein, we report two different synthetic strategies to obtain a starphene formed by 19 cata‐fused benzene rings distributed within three hexacene branches. This molecule, which is the largest starphene that has been obtained to date, was prepared by combining solution‐phase and on‐surface synthesis. [19]Starphene was characterized by high‐resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) showing a remarkable small HOMO‐LUMO transport gap (0.9 eV).

19]Starphene: Combined In-Solution and On-Surface Synthesis Towards the Largest Starphene.

Starphenes are structurally appealing three-fold symmetric polycyclic aromatic compounds with potential interesting applications in molecular electronics and nanotechnology. This family of star-shaped polyarenes can be regarded as three acenes that are connected through a single benzene ring. In fact, just like acenes, unsubstituted large starphenes are poorly soluble and highly reactive molecules under ambient conditions making their synthesis difficult to achieve. Herein, we report two different synthetic strategies to obtain a starphene formed by 19 cata-fused benzene rings distributed within three hexacene branches. This molecule, which is the largest starphene that has been obtained to date, was prepared by combining solution-phase and on-surface synthesis. [19]Starphene was characterized by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) showing a remarkable small HOMO-LUMO transport gap (0.9 eV).

Nano-resolutions for Environmental Salvation: Leaping to Sustainability

Abstract: Nanoparticles have emerged as a transformative technology in environmental remediation, addressing the pressing challenges of pollution across air, water, and soil. Nanoparticles, particularly metal oxides, carbon-based materials, and polymers, demonstrate remarkable capabilities in addressing water, air, and soil contamination. Their high surface area to volume ratio enhances their efficiency in pollutant removal while minimizing toxicity, making them suitable alternatives to conventional methods. As traditional remediation methods often carry their environmental risks, there is a pressing need for innovative and sustainable solutions. This review delves into the mechanisms and applications of nanoparticles in various remediation techniques, including photocatalysis, Nanoadsorption, and nanomembranes for water treatment, as well as their effectiveness in soil and air purification. The findings underscore the potential of nanomaterials to enhance remediation efficiency while reducing environmental toxicity. By integrating these innovative solutions into existing environmental management frameworks, nanoparticles can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable environmental practices and mitigating contamination. This review advocates for continued research, development, and application of nanotechnology as a promising avenue for fostering a cleaner, healthier environment and contributing to global sustainability goals.

Micro/nanorobots for gastrointestinal tract.

The application of micro/nanomotors (MNMs) in the gastrointestinal tract has become a Frontier in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. These miniature robots can enter the gastrointestinal tract through oral administration, achieving precise drug delivery and therapy. They can traverse mucosal layers and tissue barriers, directly targeting tumors or other lesion sites, thereby enhancing the bioavailability and therapeutic effects of drugs. Through the application of nanotechnology, these MNMs are able to accomplish targeted medication release, regulating drug release in response to either external stimuli or the local biological milieu. This results in reduced side effects and increased therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the primary classifications and power sources of current MNMs, as well as their applications in the gastrointestinal tract, providing inspiration and direction for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases with MNMs.

Application of nanotechnology in the negative electrode of Si-based lithium-ion batteries

Modern electronics and electric cars frequently employ lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of their excellent energy density, safety, and environmental friendliness. The anode of LIBs is typically composed of carbon. Nevertheless, it loses a lot of energy when charging and draining. Lithium metal precipitates quickly from the surface of carbon electrodes and forms dendrites. These can pass through the diaphragm and cause short circuits inside the battery, posing a public safety risk. The advantages of the silicon-based anode are excellent safety, low operating voltage, and high theoretical specific capacity. It is among the most critical potential materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, its drawbacks, such as volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity, limit the development of LIBs. In recent years, the emergence of nanotechnology has well solved these problems. This paper first explains how silicon-based lithium-ion batteries work and summarizes the challenges of silicon-based anodes. Then, it explores the application of nanotechnology in silicon-based anode, including different dimensions of silicon nanomaterials. After the group, the paper analyzes the shortcomings of current research and proposes future directions.

First-principles studies of strain-tunable InN monolayer: applications for switching and optoelectronic devices

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) materials are attracting significant attention for their potential applications in the post-Moore era. In this work, we systematically investigate the effect of strains on the electronic structure, transport and optoelectronic properties of 2D Indium nitride (InN) monolayer using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function methods. The results show that strains can modulate the electronic properties. Specifically, biaxial strain triggers the transition from semiconductor to metal and indirect to direct band gap. On this basis, the constructed InN-based nanodevice exhibits current switching ratios up to 1010. In addition, the optoelectronic device based on InN monolayer exhibits a robust photoelectric response in the red light. Meanwhile, biaxial strain can improve the optoelectronic performance of InN-based optoelectronic devices. The compressive strains blue-shift the photocurrent peaks of the InN monolayer, which effectively modulates its detection range in the visible light region. These findings underscore the potential applications in nanotechnology, particularly in nano-switches and optoelectronic devices.

Applications of Nanotechnology in Combating Fungal Diseases in Humans: An Updated Review

In recent years, fungal infections caused by filamentous fungi have posed a serious threat to public health worldwide. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Coccidioides, and Mucorales (the most common filamentous fungi), as well as Candida auris (a non-filamentous fungus), can cause infections in humans. It can cause serious life-threatening diseases in individuals with weakened immune systems, patients infected with HIV/AIDS, uncontrolled diabetes, blood disorders, organ transplants, and chemotherapy. In this review, we describe the available nan formulations (metallic and polymeric nanoparticles) that have been developed to enhance efficacy and reduce the number of adverse effects following the administration of conventional antifungals. The burden posed by fungal infections on human health is increasing worldwide. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Candida, and Cryptococcus are among the most common pathogens responsible for human diseases, accounting for over 90% of infection-related deaths. Moreover, effective antifungal treatments are not available, primarily due to host toxicity, pathogen resistance, and immunodeficiency. In recent years, nanomaterials have proven to be not only more efficient antifungal therapeutic agents but also capable of overcoming fungal drug resistance".

Therapeutic potential and agricultural benefits of curcumin: a comprehensive review of health and sustainability applications

AbstractTurmeric (Curcuma longa L.), the plant from which curcumin is derived, is renowned for its wide range of therapeutic and agricultural benefits. Curcumin, the key bioactive compound, is highly valued for its potent anti-provocative, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating various human diseases and improving plant resilience to environmental stresses. The therapeutics potential of curcumin is notable owing its abilities to combat microbes act as an oxidant and reduce inflammation. Its effectiveness in treating a range of human disease such as tumor, cardiac problems, and brain degenerative ailments stems from its ability to modulate various cellular process and signaling pathways. Despite its low bioavailability, innovations in delivery system such as nanoparticles and liposomal formulations, have enhanced its therapeutic efficacy by improving solubility and systemic absorption. In agriculture, curcumin's antimicrobial properties provide a natural alternative to chemical pesticides, offering protection against pathogens and enhancing plant resilience to specific environmental stresses such as drought, salinity, and oxidative stress. Nanotechnology applications have furthered these benefits by facilitating the efficient uptake and distribution of curcumin within plant tissues, promoting growth and stress tolerance. This review also highlights curcumin's nutritional benefits, including its impact on gut health and metabolic syndrome. Synergistic interactions with dietary nutrients can amplify its health benefits, making it a valuable dietary supplement. However, ongoing research is needed to fully understand curcumin's mechanisms of action and long-term safety. Overall, curcumin holds promise as a versatile agent in both medical and agricultural fields, supporting sustainable practices and advancing health outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing curcumin formulations and translating preclinical findings into clinical successes. Graphical abstract

Guanidine-Derived Polymeric Nanoinhibitors Target the Lysosomal V-ATPase and Activate AMPK Pathway to Ameliorate Liver Lipid Accumulation.

Current research efforts in polymer and nanotechnology applications are primarily focused on cargo delivery to enhance the therapeutic index, with limited attention being paid to self-molecularly targeted nanoparticles, which may also exhibit significant therapeutic potential. Long-term and anomalous lipid accumulation in the liver is a highly relevant factor contributing to liver diseases. However, the development of the reliable medications and their pharmacological mechanisms remain insufficient. Herein, a polyguanide nanoinhibitors (PGNI) depot is constructed by copolymerizing biguanide derivatives in different proportions onto prepolymers. The nanoinhibitors for their ability to ameliorate lipid accumulation in vitro and in vivo is screened, and subsequently demonstrated that covalently polymeric guanidine chains exhibit superior efficacy in ameliorating hepatic lipid accumulation via heterogeneous mechanisms compared to small-molecule guanidine. It is found that PGNIs stabilize guanidine metabolism in the liver, preferably for biosafety. More importantly, PGNI is ingested and localized in hepatocyte lysosomes and is locked to interact with vesicular adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) on lysosomes, leading to the inhibition of V-ATPase and lysosomal acidification, thereby activating the AMPK pathway, reducing fatty acid synthesis, and enhancing lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation. These results imply that polymer-formed nanoparticles can serve as targeted inhibitors, offering a novel approach for therapeutic applications.

Contemporary and prospective use of azathioprine (AZA) in viral, rheumatic, and dermatological disorders: a review of pharmacogenomic and nanotechnology applications.

Azathioprine (AZA) has been extensively used for immunomodulatory effects in autoimmune disorders and transplantation. This article is proposed to review the contemporary and prospective use of AZA in viral, rheumatic, and dermatological disorders. The primary objective is to draw attention to possible developments in regards to AZA application in recent years, with an emphasis on the use of pharmacogenomics and nanotechnology to improve its efficacy in practice. This study reveals that AZA, having the active metabolites 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG), may be useful in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), pemphigus vulgaris, and psoriasis. Pharmacogenomic testing of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and Nudix hydrolase 15 (NUDT15) genotypes minimizes the occurrence of myelosuppression. Furthermore, new formulations of AZA using biocompatible polymers and nanoparticles for drug delivery were reported to improve its efficacy and lower systemic toxicity. This paper aims to establish the multifunctional nature of AZA in modern medicine, thus emphasizing its potential for other applications. Through the combination of pharmacogenomic analysis along with nanotechnology application, AZA makes the promise of enhancing patients' treatment efficacy and extending the stock of medical information available. These advancements offer new possibilities for application of precision medicine and improvements in the use of AZA therapy.

Magnetic response of square Husimi bilayer nanolattice: Monte Carlo simulations

Monte Carlo simulations of the square Husimi bilayer nanolattice reveal that both blocking temperature (tB) and coercive field (ℎC) were influenced by different physical parameters. These insights are crucial for optimizing magnetic devices and managing thermal effects. The study provides valuable guidance for the design of more efficient and stable magnetic systems. Bilayer magnetic ferrimagnetic nanosystems show diverse applications in nanotechnology, leveraging their magnetic properties for significant advancements across various technological fields.

Mixed metric dimension and exchange property of hexagonal nano-network

The mixed metric dimension of a graph is an important parameter in characterizing its structural complexity, specifically in nanoscale networks where precision is paramount. In this article, we calculate the mixed metric dimension of hexagonal nano-network, a modal with significant applications in nanotechnology and material science. Through rigorous analysis, we set up that the mixed metric dimension of the hexagonal nano-network is exactly three, highlighting its minimal but enough resolving set that uniquely identifies all vertices. Furthermore, we check out the exchange property within this context, demonstrating the robust adaptability of the hexagonal network’s resolving sets. Our findings display that the alternate assets aren’t the handiest preserved but stronger in these nano-networks, allowing for flexible adjustments in resolving sets without compromising the network’s integrity. This examination offers critical insights into the fundamental properties of hexagonal nano-networks, offering a theoretical foundation for future research in nanomaterial design and optimization. The results underscore the potential of leveraging mixed metric dimensions and exchange properties to achieve efficient and scalable solutions in nano-network applications.

Renewed Insight into Cancer Mechanism and Therapy: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions

Cancer remains a complex and multifactorial disease characterized by genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, and alterations in cellular signaling pathways. While traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have been the backbone of cancer therapy, their limitations, including drug resistance, recurrence, and significant side effects, have driven the search for more targeted and personalized treatment approaches. This review provides an in-depth exploration of recent advances in cancer research and therapy, focusing on molecular mechanisms, genetic alterations, and the tumor microenvironment, all of which play pivotal roles in tumor initiation and progression. Key discoveries in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and immune evasion strategies have led to the development of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. These advancements have revolutionized the treatment landscape, with therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR T-cell therapy, and personalized medicine offering improved patient outcomes. However, challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, acquired drug resistance, therapy-related toxicities, and the high costs of these novel treatments continue to limit their effectiveness and accessibility. The review also delves into emerging therapeutic strategies, including next-generation immunotherapies, precision oncology enhanced by artificial intelligence, tumor vaccines, microbiome-based therapies, and the application of nanotechnology for drug delivery. As cancer therapies evolve, addressing these challenges is crucial for future breakthroughs. The review emphasizes the need for continued research into overcoming resistance mechanisms, reducing treatment-related side effects, and enhancing global access to cutting-edge treatments. Looking ahead, the integration of new technologies and the development of more equitable healthcare strategies will be essential to ensuring that advances in cancer therapy translate into improved survival and quality of life for patients worldwide. In conclusion, while remarkable progress has been made in cancer treatment, a multifaceted approach that blends scientific innovation, precision medicine, and healthcare accessibility will be key to overcoming the ongoing challenges in the fight against cancer. Keywords: Cancer Mechanism, Therapy, Advances, Challenges, Future Directions

A Review on Novel Applications of Nanotechnology in the Management of Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer continues to be a serious danger to men's health, despite advances in the field of cancer nanotechnology. Although different types of cancer have been studied using nanomaterials and theranostic systems derived from nanomaterials, they have not yet reached their full potential for prostate cancer due to issues with in vivo biologic compatibility, immune reaction responses, accurate targetability, as well as a therapeutic outcome related to the nano-structured mechanism. The ultimate motive of this article is to understand the theranostic nanotechnology-based scheme for treating prostate cancer. The categorization of diverse nanomaterials in accordance with biofunctionalization tactics and biomolecule sources has been emphasized in this review so that they might potentially be used in clinical contexts and future advances. These opportunities can enhance the direct visualization of prostate tumors, early identification of prostate cancer-associated biomarkers at extremely low detection limits, and finally, the therapy for prostate cancer. In December 2022, a thorough examination of the scientific literature was carried out utilizing the Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline databases. The goal was to analyze novel applications of nanotechnology in the treatment of prostate cancer, together with their structural layouts and functionalities. The various treatments and the reported revolutionary nanotechnology-based systems appear to be precise, safe, and generally successful; as a result, this might open up a new avenue for the detection and eradication of prostate cancer.

A Narrative Review of Acanthamoeba Isolates in Malaysia: Challenges in Infection Management and Natural Therapeutic Advancements.

Acanthamoeba,a free-living amoeba (FLA) found in diverse ecosystems, poses significant health risks globally, particularly in Malaysia. It causes severe infectious diseases, e.g.,Acanthamoebakeratitis (AK), primarily affecting individuals who wear contact lenses, along with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE), a rare but often life-threatening condition among immunocompromised individuals. AK has become increasingly prevalent in Malaysia and is linked to widespread environmental contamination and improper contact lens hygiene. Recent studies highlightAcanthamoeba's capacity to serve as a "Trojan horse" for amoeba-resistant bacteria (ARBs), contributing to hospital-associated infections (HAIs). These symbiotic relationships and the resilience ofAcanthamoebacysts make treatment challenging. Current diagnostic methods in Malaysia rely on microscopy and culture, though molecular procedures like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are employed for more precise detection. Treatment options remain limited due to the amoeba's cyst resistance to conventional therapies. However, recent advancements in natural therapeutics, including using plant extracts such as betulinic acid fromPericampylus glaucusand chlorogenic acid fromLonicera japonica, have shown promising in vitro results. Additionally, nanotechnology applications, mainly using gold and silver nanoparticles to enhance drug efficacy, are emerging as potential solutions. Further, in vivo studies and clinical trials must validate these findings. This review highlights the requirement for continuous research, public health strategies, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address the growing threat ofAcanthamoebainfections in Malaysia while exploring the country's rich biodiversity for innovative therapeutic solutions.

Allosteric stem-loop multicomponent DNAzyme: A versatile stimuli-responsive switch for nanotweezer operations and multifunctional biosensing

DNAzyme, possessing the capabilities of both encoding information and catalyzing chemical reactions, holds significant value in advancing the widespread application of dynamic nanotechnology. Particularly, multicomponent DNAzyme (MNAzyme) has attracted considerable attention due to its remarkable versatility and practicality. However, the inevitable signal leakage of MNAzyme constrains the applications in complex nucleic acid reaction networks. Herein, we present an allosteric stem-loop multicomponent DNAzyme (ASLM) that incorporates a blocking domain to mitigate leakage resulting from secondary structures of MNAzyme while simultaneously stabilizing binding affinity during complex formation. As the sequence of blocking domain serves as an extension independent of the functional region in MNAzyme, this modulation structure can be flexibly assembled with conformation-switchable nanotweezer to form a time-responsive molecular device, enabling dynamic and dissipative operations through nucleic acid and RNase H. More importantly, the ASLM structure can be directly incorporated into DNA catalytic circuits for detecting multiple biomolecules (nucleic acid, protease, and small molecule). With its scalability and versatility, this effector-activated allosteric regulator will serve as a universal stimuli-responsive switch in complex and hierarchical DNA networks, expanding the scope of DNA nanotechnology in molecular device construction and diagnostic biosensing.

Induction of multicomponent peptide assembly via solvent exchange strategy for enhanced structure and bioactivities

Multicomponent peptides, composed of numerous peptides with various binding sites and functionalities, are increasingly exploited in nanotechnology, biomedicine and functional food applications. This article reported that nucleation and growth of Zein (Z) during solvent exchange could form a confined space to drive spontaneous self-assembly of multicomponent peptides. The self-assembly process began with a concentration gradient generated by the exchange of water and ethanol driving the nucleation of Z to form small aggregates, while multicomponent peptides selectively or anisotropically adsorbed on the Z surface via electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions, participating in and controlling the assembly kinetics, ultimately leading to the formation of well-defined nanoparticles (NPs). The multicomponent peptides-based assemblies could effectively encapsulate the hydrophobic functional agent quercetin (Que), presenting good biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, and preventing DSS-induced colitis. This study elucidated the self-assembly mechanism of multicomponent peptides and demonstrated their synergistic effects with hydrophobic compounds for disease prevention, offering valuable insights into the development of novel functional materials to regulate human health.

Innovative Nanotechnological Approaches in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: A Comprehensive Review.

The application of nanotechnology to health has been one of the revolutionizing factors in the field of trauma and orthopaedic surgery over the last decade. Advances in nanomedicine, in comparison to conventional modes of treatment, have influenced immensely the approach towards trauma and orthopaedic surgery and provided some unique answers to some very complex problems like bone reconstruction, soft tissue repair, and prevention of infection. The current narrative review intends to underpin an extensive analysis of modern applications and recent advances in nanotechnology-driven therapies in orthopaedics. Having leveraged unique properties inherent in nanoparticles and nanoscale materials, novel interventions, such as nanostructured scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and bioactive coatings, have flourished into a variety of promising means to enhance osseointegration, accelerate the healing process, and reduce postoperative complications. This review at once acknowledges the huge potential of these technologies and some of the problems impeding their wide-range clinical application, including long-term safety, main regulatory hurdles, and scale-up issues. The following review aims to give orthopaedic surgeons, researchers, and biomedical engineers an overview of the present status and perspectives for the future regarding nanomedicine in trauma and orthopaedic surgery, pointing out the expectations of a much-improved outcome in patients and overall quality of life.

Nanotechnology and Nanostructures in Food Science: Advancements & Applications

Nanotechnology is a field of science that deals with materials at a nano-scale i.e. within the range of 1 to 100 nano meters. Nanotechnology and nanostructures are revolutionizing food science by providing an innovative, effective, and sustainable approach. Nanotechnology is the science of materials which are extremely small, typically ranging from 1-100 nanometers, which finds various applications in diverse fields including but not limited to food science. Different industries like food industry, dairy industry, fruits & vegetables industry, and wine industry would benefit by implementing and integrating nanotechnology. The advancements and applications of nanotechnology and nanostructures in food science have not been explored thoroughly and require a lot more research. However, public concern about the safety of nanomaterials, toxicological aspect of nanomaterials, and food safety concerns still remains a hot topic for further research. This article provides a brief overview of the applications and advancements of nanotechnology in food science.