Capture Apparatus Research Articles

Affixing the Nomads: Revisiting Marx’s Theory of “So-Called Primitive Accumulation” with a Deleuzo-Guattarian-Inspired Theory of the Colonial State

This essay tests Karl Marx’s theory of primitive accumulation on nomadic and seminomadic populations. Drawing on a comparative historical-sociological analysis of nomadic communities in North Africa and North America, it argues that in primitive accumulation, the control of mobility is as central as that of land enclosure. It theorizes the role of the colonial state as an apparatus of capture that operates not only through enclosure but through processes of deterritorialization and reterritorialization. For the colonized, this historical and continuous process of primitive accumulation operates through a double enclosure: land and mobility. For the empire, this process consolidates imperialism and statehood. Primitive accumulation deployed by a colonial state is empire making. This essay thus agrees with indigenous and critical scholars about the race-making function of primitive accumulation and provides a theoretical foundation regarding the primitive accumulation of mobility relevant to—but occulted by—the field of the sociology of migration.

Poststructuralism and the construction of subjectivities in forensic mental health: Opportunities for resistance.

Nurses working in correctional and forensic mental health settings face unique challenges in the provision of care to patients within custodial settings. The subjectivities of both patients and nurses are subject to the power relations, discourses and abjection encountered within these practice milieus. Using a poststructuralist approach using the work of Foucault, Kristeva,and Deleuze and Guattari, this paper explores how both patient and nurse subjectivities are produced within the carceral logic of this apparatus of capture. Recognizing that subjectivities are fluid and dynamic, and capable of change, Deleuze and Guattari's concept of deterritorialization will illustrate opportunities for resistance, where nurses can begin to practice outside the dominant carceral logic (and restrictions) of the system.

When the ‘Buddha’s Tree Itself Becomes a Rhizome’: The Religious Itinerant, Nomad Science and the Buddhist State

This paper considers the political, geo-philosophical musings of Deleuze and Guattari on spatialisation, place and movement in relation to the religious nomad (wandering ascetics and reclusive forest monks) inhabiting the borderlands of Thailand. A nomadic science involves improvised ascetic practices between the molar lines striated by modern state apparatuses. The wandering ascetics, inhabiting a frontier political ecology, stand in contrast to the appropriating, sedentary metaphysics and sanctifying arborescence of statism and its corollary place-making, embedded in rootedness and territorialisation. It is argued that the religious nomads, residing on the endo-exteriorities of the state, came to represent a rhizomatic and politico-ontological threat to centre-nation and its apparatus of capture. The paper also theorises transitions and movement at the borderlands in the context of the state’s monastic reforms. These reforms, and its pervasive royal science, problematised the interstitial zones of the early ascetic wanderers in their radical cross-cutting networks and lines, moving within and across demarcated frontiers. Indeed, the ascetic wanderers and their allegorical war machine were seen as a source of wild, free-floating charisma and mystical power, eventually appropriated by the centre-nation in it’s becoming unitary and fixed.

Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico by Rocío Zambrana

Reviewed by: Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico by Rocío Zambrana Joaquín Villanueva Rocío Zambrana Colonial Debts: The Case of Puerto Rico. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2021. Pp. i-xii; 1-264. $24.95 paperback (ISBN: 9781478011835); $94.95 hardcover (ISBN: 978148010722); $00.00 ebook (ISBN: 9781478013198). In the social sciences, puerto rico has traditionally been treated as a case study, a place for data extraction, not theory-making. Researchers come with ready-made theoretical frameworks, often drawn from European and North American intellectual traditions, to collect data on people, institutions, and sites across Puerto Rico in order to prove what they already knew. Puerto Rico is often thought about, yet researchers seldom think with Puerto Rico and its people. Rocío Zambrana breaks with that academic colonial tradition, embracing instead the motto of the Caribbean Philosophical Association: “shifting the geography of reason”. In Colonial Debts, Zambrana theorizes with Puerto Rico and the diaspora to account for the ways in which debt actualizes colonial violences and to help us locate the sites of resistances to the coloniality of debt. Zambrana engages with Puerto Rican thought to argue that “[d]ebt functions as a form of coloniality” (p. 10). In Puerto Rico, the actualization of coloniality through debt “posits the colony anew” (p. 14). In other words, the case of Puerto Rico demonstrates how coloniality operates in post-colonial and colonial contexts through the re-inscription of race/gender/class hierarchies “posited by the history of colonial violence that produced the modern capitalist world” (p. 11). The verb actualize does a lot of work for the author throughout the book, as Zambrana takes recourse on it to suggest how the original colonial violence that inaugurated modernity in the Caribbean is still present today, working through debt to reproduce the colony and its economy, one based on the extraction of wealth through life. That colonial violence, however, adapts to changing conditions and circumstances, responding to “capital’s changing needs” (p. 24). The violence of conquest and colonization remains operational across time and space, working its way through a system of race/gender/class hierarchies that is “ongoingly” updated and actualized to serve the needs of capital and its agents (p. 37–38). Coloniality is the reproduction (i.e. actualization) of that classifica-tory system that enables the re-articulation of colonial violence. Debt is therefore a form of colonial violence that works through and updates race/gender/class hierarchies, seeping through colonial life in order to “capture” [End Page 222] the last bit of wealth left even after centuries of continual squeezing (p. 22). To me, this section is the book’s main contribution to the now vast literature on debt. This book is organized thematically around key debates on debt. In the first chapter, Zambrana reads Maurizio Lazzarato’s theorizations on the “making of the indebted man” and puts it to the test against Puerto Rican legal scholar and activist, Ariadna Godreau-Aubert’s “pedagogy of the indebted woman”, setting the tone for the rest of the book which seeks to theorize from/with Puerto Rico. The second chapter revolves around a critique of Puerto Rican sociologist José Atiles’ important theorizations on the state of exception. In contrast to Atiles, Zambrana argues that a focus on sovereign decisions and declarations of emergency, a defining feature of present-day Puerto Rico, occludes the far longer temporality upon which those decisions are based. A declaration of emergency, Zambrana argues, is “already too late” (p. 81). The temporal critique segues into the third chapter, where Zambrana sketches the most consequential argument of the book, that “financial debt indexes historical debts” (p. 84). Indebtedness, Zambrana argues, “opens up a space and time of reckoning” (p. 97), by allowing those in debt to question and interrupt the historical geographies of violence, dispossession, and abjection that make debt (an apparatus of capture) possible. The fourth chapter engages with the various forms of “subversive interruption” – such as vagancia queer (queer laziness) and perreo intenso (intense dance)– that have been given life in Puerto Rico by indebted subjects intent on halting the cycle of violence that debt seeks to actualize. The conclusion of...

Apparatus of Capture: Music and the Mimetic Construction of Social Reality in the Early Modern/Colonial Period

This paper supplements Gebauer and Wulf’s analyses of mimesis as a mechanism for the construction of social reality. After situating archaic musical mimesis in the context of Homeric performance and its critique in Plato, I demonstrate how musical mimesis functions as an assemblage of inscription of social mores and values through two case studies. The first examines how this mimetic mechanism is actualised in the 1589 Medici intermedi as an allegorical apparatus of capture that enables the sovereign to control the space and time of the performance. The second examines how this apparatus is redeployed by seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries in South America to coerce nomadic Indigenous peoples into settlements known as ‘reducciones’. The paper advances an account of the darker role of musical mimesis in the dissymmetrical construction of social reality during the baroque: as a world-making tool of sovereign power and a world-destroying mechanism of epistemic genocide in colonised territories.

The energic economy of cyberchronotopia

As social media, virtual reality, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, mobile computing, cloud computing, virtual collaboration platforms and other new technologies become an integral part of our life, more and more of us are facing a practical issue: insufficiency of psychic energy. Approaching the cyberneticization of the human condition from the perspective of psychic energy makes for a sorely needed critical intervention. This article reveals the vampiric nature of cyberspacetime, looks into vitalistic philosophy and spiritual praxes for coping strategies, and calls for homo ludens to rise above apparatuses of capture and conserve psychic energy for negentropic endeavours, psychosomatic events and spiritual awakening. It proceeds with the assumption that news about one’s autopoiesis and becoming is the most important news. Part of the motive is to demonstrate media theory and time-tested spiritual praxes as equipment for living.

Whose transformation is this? Unpacking the ‘apparatus of capture’ in Sweden's bioeconomy

This study investigates how and by whom the Swedish (forest) bioeconomy has been shaped so far. We unpack emerging bioeconomies as discursive constructs and use the ‘apparatus of capture’ as a conceptual framework to understand and rethink the Swedish bioeconomy. Based on analysis of empirical data from multiple sources (e.g., online surveys, in-depth interviews, participatory observations), we identify a closed bioeconomy network structure that includes forest industries, major forest owner associations, regional councils and research institutes/universities. The network (re)produces three key storylines that appeal to the majority of parties in the national parliament, defines the boundaries of relevant expertise, and discredits environmental regulation and expertise. Through these storylines the Swedish bioeconomy is turned into an issue of innovation governance, which blurs the boundaries between public and private interests in forests. To counteract future capture, different types of knowledges and forest perspectives need further exploration in Swedish bioeconomy and forest governance.

Review ofArt as Revolt: Thinking Politics Through Immanent Aesthetics, edited by David Fancy and Hans Skott-Myhre (McGill-Queen’s University Press)

The entanglements of “the aesthetic” and the political-economic have long been addressed in the areas of philosophy, cultural studies, and media theory. In this edited volume, David Fancy and Hans Skott-Myhre have assembled a collection of essays aimed at examining a range of aesthetic approaches to political projects untethered to “capitalist assumptions,” while looking toward the possibilities of “post-capitalist futures.” Through their respective contributions, the authors offer their readers ways to envision the potential for running lines of flight away from capital’s apparatuses of capture by engaging in creative practice.

Data protection law beyond identifiability? Atmospheric profiles, nudging and the Stratumseind Living Lab

The deployment of pervasive information and communication technologies (ICTs) within smart city initiatives transforms cities into extraordinary apparatuses of data capture. ICTs such as smart cameras, sound sensors and lighting technology are trying to infer and affect persons’ interests, preferences, emotional states, and behaviour. It should be no surprise then that contemporary legal and policy debates on privacy in smart cities are dominated by a debate focused on data and, therefore, on data protection law. In other words, data protection law is the go-to legal framework to regulate data processing activities within smart cities and similar initiatives. While this may seem obvious, a number of important hurdles might prevent data protection law to be (successfully) applied to such initiatives. In this contribution, we examine one such hurdle: whether the data processed in the context of smart cities actually qualifies as personal data, thus falling within the scope of data protection law. This question is explored not only through a theoretical discussion but also by taking an illustrative example of a smart city-type initiative – the Stratumseind 2.0 project and its living lab in the Netherlands (the Stratumseind Living Lab; SLL). Our analysis shows that the requirement of ‘identifiability’ might be difficult to satisfy in the SLL and similar initiatives. This is so for two main reasons. First, a large amount of the data at stake do not qualify as personal data, at least at first blush. Most of it relates to the environment, such as, data about the weather, air quality, sound and crowding levels, rather than to identified or even likely identifiable individuals. This is connected to the second reason, according to which, the aim of many smart city initiatives (including the SLL) is not to identify and target specific individuals but to manage or nudge them as a multiplicity – a combination of the environment, persons and all of their interactions. This is done by trying to affect the ‘atmosphere’ on the street. We thus argue that a novel type of profiling operations is at stake; rather than relying on individual or group profiling, the SLL and similar initiatives rely upon what we have called ‘atmospheric profiling’. We conclude that it remains highly uncertain, whether smart city initiatives like the SLL actually process personal data. Yet, they still pose risks for a wide variety of rights and freedoms, which data protection law is meant to protect, and a need for regulation remains.

Nabokov's ‘Diabolical Task’: Translation as Capture and Becoming-Butterfly

The lepidopteral imaginary that animates Nabokov's relationship to translation can be understood in light of Deleuze and Guattari's notions of ‘apparatus of capture’ and ‘rhizomatic becomings’. On the one hand, Nabokov's scientific fascination with butterflies frames his radically literal approach to translation. The scientific dissection of texts and butterflies ‘captures’ an original and singular content as it flutters, reducing it to the homogenised content of a target source. On the other hand, in Speak, Memory's engagement with ‘multiple metamorphoses, familiar to butterflies’, Nabokov as both literary artist and autobiographical personage becomes-butterfly with translation itself, entering into affective intensities with butterflies that include lepidopteral relations of movement and rest, speed and slowness.

The biopolitical turn in educational theory: Autonomist Marxism and revolutionary subjectivity in Empire

With Empire, Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri reinvigorated debates in political theory and radical philosophy about the cultivation of revolutionary subjectivity. Their theorization of Empire and multitude has also significantly affected the tenor of critical approaches to educational theory during the past two decades. In this article, we discuss Hardt and Negri’s contribution to what we call the biopolitical turn in educational theory, emphasizing the influence of autonomist Marxism on their work. Even more specifically, we discuss the impact of the autonomist tradition on their formulation of the nature of the relationship between the multitude and Empire: that the multitude is the generative force of the social world, whereas Empire is merely an apparatus of capture. This autonomist approach reveals a set of questions regarding subjectivity, materialism, and social ontology, which we argue are ripe for engagement by educational theorists, and indicate the enduring relevance of Empire as a valuable text for educational theorists interested in matters of biopolitical production, collective opposition, and revolutionary subjectivity.

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury.

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

Automatic detection and quantification of hand movements toward development of an objective assessment of tremor and bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease

BackgroundClassification of parkinsonian symptoms, including tremor and bradykinesia, require the application of validated clinical rating scales which are inherently subjective. In this study, we assessed an objective measure of parkinsonian symptomology using automated analysis of hand gestures. New methodWe constructed and evaluated a hand and finger motion capture apparatus and analysis pipeline that recorded hand/finger motion of control subjects and patients with Parkinson's disease. The detailed three-dimensional (3D) motion features of each finger joint was extracted by using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The severity of tremor for each finger joint was quantitated by analyzing the motion changes in the frequency domain on four types of motion from five patients and twenty-two control subjects. ResultsThe proposed approach could distinguish the behavior of patients with Parkinson's disease and control subjects by analyzing the detailed motion features of their hands/fingers. Comparison with existing methodsPreviously established methods to quantitate finger movement dynamics focus on speed and amplitude. In contrast, our approach measures unsupervised motion features, in real-time, using wavelet analysis, of each individual finger joint during active free movement. ConclusionsThe proposed study provides an objective assessment of tremor and bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease. Accordingly, this may help movement disorder clinicians to detect, diagnose and monitor treatment efficacy in Parkinson's disease.

Шизоанализ, маржинализм, фурьеризм (о двух дополнительных ресурсах для понимания экономических взглядов Делёза и Гваттари)

This article analyzes how two theories, both emerging in the nineteenth century—Fourierism and marginalism—influenced the economic views of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. Despite the fact that explicit recourse to those theories in Capitalism and Schizophreniais merely sporadic, the implicitly inherent interrelation between these ideas and a schizoanalyst view of economics turns out to be rather substantial. First, marginalism is concerned with a “logic of the (pen)ultimate,” within the framework of which a distinction between a limit and a threshold is introduced. This distinction is important for understanding how the “apparatuses of capture,” which subjugate desiring-production to the despotic, and later to the capitalist regime, function. Second, Fourier’s “gigantism,” mentioned by Deleuze and Guattari, turns out to be an anticipation of their own theory of the “desiring machine” synthesis not only as to its general intention, but also as a detailed social mechanics, built upon the engagement of “distributive passions.”

Modeling the Evolution of Crocodyliform Cranial Shape Through Time

Crocodyliforms have a rich fossil record, attained global distribution, and filled a wide variety of ecological niches throughout their history. The group has explored a broad range of cranial morphologies through time, particularly in relation to rostral and supratemporal fossa (STF) form. These character complexes are functionally related, with the snout acting as the prey capture apparatus and the STF as the origin for the pseudotemporalis and/or adductor mandibulae externus profundus musculature. A correlation between STF size and snout shape has been previously suggested (e.g. taxa with long slender snouts tend to have larger STF, possibly related to the importance of the aforementioned muscles in their prey capture strategy). To investigate evolutionary patterns of these cranial modules we quantified snout and supratemporal fossa shape using sliding semilandmark‐based geometric morphometric methods. We then modeled the evolution of these modules across a time‐calibrated phylogeny of Crocodyliformes, testing for differences in allometric patterning (using new functions in the R package bayou and phylogenetic ANCOVA as implemented in evomap). Our results indicate a significant shift in the covariation of STF relative to snout length at the origin of Eusuchia. In comparison with non‐eusuchian crocodyliforms, eusuchians exhibit less change in STF size relative to snout length. This shift in phenotypic covariation is potentially related to a change in pattern (but not strength) of developmental integration between these modules.As these modules are related to feeding, this shift in phenotypic covariation may indicate an important transition in the evolution of the crocodyliform feeding apparatus at the origin of Eusuchia. That non‐eusuchian crocodyliforms tend to have a larger STF suggests a reliance on muscles occupying the dorsal temporal fenestra, while the relatively smaller STF of eusuchians may mark a shift to an increased role of the pterydoideus musculature responsible for the extreme bite forces of extant crocodylians. If such a model holds true, it may serve to best explain the observed shift in covariation between these modules. The timing of this transition in our analysis matches closely with a previous study modeling the evolution of bite force in the group based on a different osteological proxy. Collectively this suggests that the modern crocodylian feeding apparatus developed around the origin of the crown group, coincident with the establishment of the eusuchian secondary palate.Support or Funding InformationNational Science Foundation grant NSF‐DEB 1754596This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Zooplankters' nightmare: The fast and efficient catching basket of larval phantom midges (Diptera: Chaoborus).

Filter feeding zooplankton are a crucial component of limnic food webs. Copepods and cladocerans are important prey organisms for first-level predators like the common and abundant larvae of phantom midges (Chaoborus sp.). The latter possess a complex catching basket built of head appendages specialized to capture small crustaceans. The predator-prey-relationship of Chaoborus (Diptera, Nematocera) and Daphnia (Crustacea, Cladocera) has been studied in particular detail owing to the daphniids’ ability to react upon the threat of predation with inducible defenses. Daphnia pulex expresses so-called ‘neckteeth’ in the presence of Chaoborus larvae that are discussed as a defensive trait that interferes with the larval head appendages and their effectiveness has been shown in several studies. Nonetheless, mode of function of these neckteeth is not understood and the hypothesis that they interfere with the predator’s head appendages still has to be confirmed. To clarify the role of neckteeth in Daphnia, an understanding of the Chaoborus capture apparatus is essential. Here, we present a detailed three-dimensional analysis of Chaoborus obscuripes’ larval head morphology as well as a kinematic analysis of the attack motion, which revealed an impressive strike velocity (14 ms to prey contact). The movement of the larvae’s head appendages is reconstructed in the three-dimensional space using a combination of high-speed videography, micro-computed tomography and computer animation. Furthermore, we provide predation trial data to distinguish between pre- and post-attack defensive effects in D. pulex. Our findings suggest a combination of pre- and post-attack defenses with an average effectiveness of 50% each. With this study, we quantitatively describe prey capture kinematics of C. obscuripes and take a further step to reveal the neckteeth’ mode of function in D. pulex.

The Homeland, Imprisoned and Illegal: The Impact of Marginalisation on Views of the Homeland in Kanafānī's and Khalīfa's Work

This paper deals with the concept of Al-Waṭan, or ‘the homeland’, in Arabic in The Shell (Al-Qawqʿa) by Muṣṭafā Khalifa and Men in the Sun (Rijāl fīsh-Shams) by Ghassān Kanafānī. Analysis of how alienation from this concept has affected both Khalifa's and Kanafānī's characters is carried out through the lenses of Deleuze and Guattari's theories of rhizomatic associations and minor literature, as well as through the lens of affect theory. The paper also examines parallels between definitions of Al-Waṭan/the homeland in Ibn Manẓūr's classical dictionary Lisān al-ʿArab and Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of the war machine and the apparatus of capture.

SEMG-Based Detection of Compensation Caused by Fatigue During Rehabilitation Therapy: A Pilot Study

To stimulate neuroplasticity, the stroke patient often receives repetitive and high load robotic rehabilitation therapy. Given their impaired motor function, the patients are prone to muscle fatigue. Muscle fatigue lead patients to compensate for upper limb motion by recruiting trunk and shoulder motions, resulting in undesirable rehabilitation motion and a subsequent risk of injury. However, fatigue compensation is not detected during upper-limb robotic rehabilitation training in the existing rehabilitation robot. The aim of this study was to detect the compensation caused by fatigue based on surface electromyography (sEMG). Eight healthy subjects performed three basic repetitive resistance rehabilitation training tasks, to elicit three types of common stroke fatigue compensatory synergies. The subjective fatigue score and sEMGs of the main muscles used were acquired to determine the fatigue state. The compensatory motion was recorded by a motion capture apparatus. The sEMG median frequency (MDF) of the main muscles used and the overall fatigue compensation were calculated. With the development of fatigue, the subjects exhibited more signs of fatigue compensation. The motion types slightly increased the degree of corresponding basic compensation. However, the subjects exhibited similar ranges and trends in the overall compensation. A strong correlation was found between sEMG MDF and overall fatigue compensation. Thus, fatigue compensation can be detected based on the body's status regardless of the type of motion. The sEMG-based detection of fatigue compensation proposed in this study is a reliable way to detect fatigue compensation and improve the quality of therapeutic exercise during upper-limb robotic rehabilitation training.

Lifetime of the metastable P1/22 state of F-like Ar9+ isolated in a compact Penning trap

Multiply ionized atoms of a single charge state can be captured at low energy in a compact Penning trap, allowing the measurement of the radiative lifetime of an atomic state that decays via weakly allowed transitions. Such a measurement is reported here for the radiative decay lifetime of the metastable $^{2}P_{1/2}$ state in fluorinelike ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{9+}$, wherein the $n=2$ shell has only one vacancy (hole) in a $2p$ orbital. Highly ionized atoms are extracted from an electron beam ion trap and guided into the ion capture apparatus. Upon capturing the ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{9+}$ ions, light from the magnetic-dipole transition is detected with a photomultiplier tube and counted with a multichannel scaler. Using this technique, the radiative lifetime of the metastable $^{2}P_{1/2}$ state in ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{9+}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}1{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}2{p}^{5}$ is measured to be $\ensuremath{\tau}=9.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08$ ms, consistent with a previous intra-EBIT measurement.

The Schema of the West and the Apparatus of Capture: Variations on Deleuze and Guattari

Deleuze and Guattari's work opens theoretical and political possibilities for us by demonstrating that the boundary between ‘the West’ and the ‘non-West’ is itself a historically unstable epistemological inscription on the surface of the earth, but one that nevertheless retraces itself over and over again. They show us that our political possibilities exist precisely in the ‘non-West’, so long as we understand this term not in the sense of an existing supposedly ‘non-Western’ territory or ‘substance’, but rather as a ‘line of flight’ beyond the nation-state, the form in which the ‘original division’ and creation of the social relation called ‘the West’ continues to (re)produce itself. They thus demonstrate that the way out of the Eurocentric epistemological order lies precisely in clarifying how ‘the West’ was created as an effect of the capitalist axiomatic and maintained by the repetition of this paradoxical ‘commencement’ in the form of the ‘anthropological difference’, congealed into the modern nation-state. In the pursuit of this moment, we will investigate the question of how the social surface is territorialised and enclosed for capitalist accumulation, how the purely heterogeneous topology of the social comes to be inscribed with the traces of the apparatus of capture.