Small For Age Research Articles

Development of Observation System Using Internet of Things for Growth Improvement in Indoor Farming of Apium Graveolens Var. Secalinum Alef

This research was performed to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system for growth condition of Apium Graveolens var. Secalinum Alef, then to determine the optimised lighting environment to optimise growth of Apium Graveolens var. Secalinum Alef. The experiment was conducted for 42 days, and the plants were grown hydroponically. Various data required to monitor the plants closely was collected daily using the developed IoT system and the data was relayed to the researcher using IoT. Based on the data collected from the experiment it is determined that the plants grown using the LED lighting system yielded more harvest compared to the plants grown using normal sunlight. The significant of this research is an IoT system to continuously monitor plant growth condition using an internet connected mobile device was developed, allowing farmers to obtain real time data of the growth conditions on their mobile devices, and it was determined that Apium Graveolens var. Secalinum Alef cultivation under LED artificial lighting performed better as compared to normal sunlight. The application of this IoT system can help farmers to lower their overhead costs and increase yields.

The Characteristic of Sticks Mung Bean Flour (Vigra radiate L.) and The Addition of Celery (Apium graveolens)

Sticks are delicious, crunchy, savory, long, thin, and brownish yellow snacks with various flavors. The main ingredients of this product consist of wheat flour, , eggs, garlic, pepper, and salt. Celery leaves were chosen because they are easy to obtain and to optimize local ingredients. Mung bean (Phaseolus radiates) itself is a vegetable food that is high in protein and fiber where the protein contained is 20-25%. This study aims to determine the effect of sticks mung bean flour and the addition of celery. The design used was a 2 factor factorial completely randomized design (CRD). Factor 1 is the ratio of wheat flour : mung bean flour (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) and factor 2 is the concentration of celery porridge (10%, 20%, 30% in 30 ml of water). The best results of chemical analysis based on the highest protein content were the ratio of wheat flour : mung bean flour 25:75 with concentration of celery porridge 20% with 2.22% water content, 1.74% ash content, 23.58% fat content, 17.75% protein content, 8.28% crude fiber and 46.41 for carbohydrates by difference, color sensory test value 3.73 (greenish brown), crunchy texture 3.40 (crispy), celery taste 3.60 (taste celery flavor) mung bean taste 2.67 (a bit of green bean flavor), celery aroma 3, 33 (smelling of celery), and 3.27 (preferred) for overall liking. The most preferred formulation of celery sticks by consumers is the comparison of wheat flour : mung bean flour 75:25 with the addition of 10% celery porridge concentration with a value of 3.47 (preferred). Sticks made from green beans and celery can be an alternative food that is high in protein and fiber.

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Apium graveolens

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi are obligate biotrophs, meaning they extract nutrients solely from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts (Besemer, 2021). AMF also are symbionts; they are able to form a mutualistic relationship with plants (Tracey Besemer, 2021). To find the ideal amount of fungus that accelerated plant growth, research was conducted on Golden Self-Blanching Celery seeds, also known as ​​Apium graveolens. The hypothesis states that the celery plants with AMF would exhibit more growth than the control because AMF can aid in reducing fertilizer amounts that cause pollution and conserve water during droughts in the future. The experiment was conducted in bins with equal amounts of soil and differing quantities of AMF. The results showed that the control group without any AMF grew the best due to a multitude of reasons such as the altering amounts of water during the experiment and a lack of natural sunlight. One goal for future experiments is to control confounding factors that can inhibit or improve the growth of the Golden Self-Blanching Celery plant.

Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation promotes the nitrogen cycle in the rice rhizosphere through dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

The dominant ammonium bacteria established in different crop rotations are directly related to the conversion and utilization of nitrogen (N) in paddy soil. This study investigated the ammonia oxidation process in the rice rhizosphere of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)-rice (IRR), celery (Apium graveolens)-rice (CLR) and winter fallow-rice (WFR) rotations in South China through the amoA functional gene analysis based on Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform and qPCR methods. The abundance of amoA gene in IRR was increased by 116.67 % (P < 0.05) and 42.76 % (P > 0.05) compared with CLR and WFR, respectively. Nitrosomonas became the dominant genus in the rhizosphere of IRR, with the highest relative abundance (59.30 %). The contents of soil organic matter, total N and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in the rice rhizosphere soil in IRR were significantly higher than other two treatments (P < 0.05) by 12.47–14.31 %, 16.88–25.00 %, and 97.48–159.60 %, respectively. Although lower microbial diversity was observed in IRR, the soil fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis enzyme activities and ammonia monooxygenase activities in the rice rhizosphere were higher in IRR than those in CLR and WFR (P < 0.05). Also, the soluble sugar and crude protein of milled rice were highest in IRR among the three rotation treatments (P < 0.05). The ammonia oxidation efficiency of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria was largely dependent on key taxa, such as Nitrosomonas (dominant genus in IRR), rather than the dynamics of AOB community structure. The key amoA-nitrifier taxa of the AOB community developed in IRR are capable of promoting rice production by improving soil N cycle efficiency and reducing the loss of N. Our findings illustrate the regulatory mechanism of IRR on the rice rhizosphere AOB community and reveal the important role of winter ryegrass in promoting soil nitrogen cycling during nutrient transformation of agricultural ecosystems in paddy fields.

Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds in Five Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Cultivars with Different Petiole Colors by HS-SPME-GC-MS.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated worldwide for its medicinal properties and distinctive flavor. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis is a valuable tool for the identification and classification of species. Currently, less research has been conducted on aroma compounds in different celery varieties and colors. In this study, five different colored celery were quantitatively analyzed for VOCs using HS-SPME, GC-MS determination, and stoichiometry methods. The result revealed that γ-terpinene, d-limonene, 2-hexenal,-(E)-, and β-myrcene contributed primarily to the celery aroma. The composition of compounds in celery exhibited a correlation not only with the color of the variety, with green celery displaying a higher concentration compared with other varieties, but also with the specific organ, whereby the content and distribution of volatile compounds were primarily influenced by the leaf rather than the petiole. Seven key genes influencing terpenoid synthesis were screened to detect expression levels. Most of the genes exhibited higher expression in leaves than petioles. In addition, some genes, particularly AgDXS and AgIDI, have higher expression levels in celery than other genes, thereby influencing the regulation of terpenoid synthesis through the MEP and MVA pathways, such as hydrocarbon monoterpenes. This study identified the characteristics of flavor compounds and key aroma components in different colored celery varieties and explored key genes involved in the regulation of terpenoid synthesis, laying a theoretical foundation for understanding flavor chemistry and improving its quality.

Optimization of Protoplast Preparation System from Leaves and Establishment of a Transient Transformation System in Apium graveolens

Protoplast culture and transformation technology offer a novel method for developing new plant varieties. Nonetheless, the effective preparation of protoplasts and transformation technology specific to celery has yet to be achieved. This study utilized celery seedling leaves as the primary materials to examine the key factors influencing protoplast isolation. The aim was to prepare leaf protoplasts with a high yield and of high quality and subsequently conduct transient gene transformation and expression. The findings indicated that the most effective procedure for isolating and purifying protoplasts was enzymatic digestion using an enzyme solution consisting of 2.0% cellulase, 0.1% pectolase, and 0.6 M mannitol for a duration of 8 h. Subsequently, the protoplasts were filtered through a 400-mesh sieve and purified through centrifugation at 200× g. Within this system, the overall protoplast yield was exceptionally high, reaching a viability rate of up to 95%. The transient transformation system yielded a maximum transformation efficiency of approximately 53%, as evaluated using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter gene. The parameters of the transient transformation system were as follows: a protoplast concentration of 5 × 105 cells·mL−1, exogenous DNA concentration of 500 μg·mL−1, final concentration of PEG4000 at 40%, and transformation duration of 15 min. The transient transformation system was also utilized to further analyze the protein localization characteristics of the celery transcription factor AgMYB80. The findings indicated that AgMYB80 predominantly localizes in the nucleus, thereby confirming the reliability and effectiveness of the transient transformation system. This study successfully established an efficient system for isolating, purifying, and transforming celery protoplasts, and will serve as a basis for future studies on molecular biology and gene function.

Studi Literatur: Tanaman Herbal Indonesia yang Berkhasiat sebagai Penurun Hipertensi

Introduction: Hypertension or what is often referred to as high blood pressure is a degenerative disease or PTM that often appears without symptoms. Hypertension is a disturbance in blood circulation that can be life- threatening for individuals when blood pressure is above systolic and diastolic pressure which is unstable. Other hypertension treatments can use good herbal plants to treat various diseases. Various kinds of active substance components which have been widely studied have therapeutic effects derived from herbal plants. About 75- 80% of the worlds population, especially in developing countries, use herbal medicines for primary health care because of their better acceptance of the human body. Objective of the research: The purpose of this literature review is to find out the nutritious herbal plants in Indonesia as traditional medicines to reduce hypertension. Method: The method used in writing this article is a literature review approach by searching literature using the Google Schoolar website database. Result: The results of the study found 15 plants as herbal medicines as drugs to reduce hypertension, namely celery leaves (Apium graveolens L), ginger (Zingiber officinale), basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum), Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera), garlic (Allium sativum), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), butterfly pea flower (Clitoriaternatea), papaya leaves (Carica papaya), betel leaves (Piper Betle Linn), cucumber (Cucumis sativus), gotu kola leaves (Centella asiatica), carrots (Daucus carota L), bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), meniran leaves (Phytallantus niruri), soursop leaves (Annona muricata Linn). Conclusion: Traditional medicine using herbal plants is believed to be able to treat hypertension which has been part of public belief from time to time. The utilization of these traditional plants takes into account aspects such as ease of obtaining, saving costs, and not containing chemicals that cause other side effects.&#x0D;

Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence, Characteristics, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Oenanthe javanica

The plant mitochondria play a crucial role in various cellular energy synthesis and conversion processes and are essential for plant growth. Watercress (Oenanthe javanica) is a fast-growing vegetable with strong adaptability and wide cultivation range, and it possesses high nutritional value. In our study, we assembled the O. javanica mitochondrial genome using the Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome map of watercress has a circular structure of 384,074 bp, containing 28 tRNA genes, 3 rRNA genes, and 34 protein-coding genes. A total of 87 SSR (simple sequence repeat) loci were detected, with 99% composed of palindrome repeats and forward repeats, while no complementary repeats were identified. Codon preference analysis indicated that watercress prefers to use codons encoding leucine, isoleucine, and serine with a preference for A/U-ending codons. Phylogenetic analysis showed that watercress is closely related to species of Bupleurum, Apium, Angelica, and Daucus, with the closest evolutionary relationship observed with Saposhnikovia divaricata and Apium graveolens. This study provides a valuable resource for the study of the evolution and molecular breeding of watercress.

Neurological Applications of Celery (Apium graveolens): A Scoping Review.

Apium graveolens is an indigenous plant in the family Apiaceae, or Umbelliferae, that contains many active compounds. It has been used traditionally to treat arthritic conditions, gout, and urinary infections. The authors conducted a scoping review to assess the quality of available evidence on the overall effects of celery when treating neurological disorders. A systematic search was performed using predetermined keywords in selected electronic databases. The 26 articles included upon screening consisted of 19 in vivo studies, 1 published clinical trial, 4 in vitro studies and 2 studies comprising both in vivo and in vitro methods. A. graveolens and its bioactive phytoconstituent, 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), have demonstrated their effect on neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke-related neurological complications, depression, diabetes-related neurological complications, and epilepsy. The safety findings were minimal, showing that NBP is safe for up to 18 weeks at 15 mg/kg in animal studies, while there were adverse effects (7%) reported when consuming NBP for 24 weeks at 600 mg daily in human trials. In conclusion, the safety of A. graveolens extract and NBP can be further investigated clinically on different neurological disorders based on their potential role in different targeted pathways.

The Study of flavonoid in Apium graveolens L. as a Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Protein Inhibitor in Colorectal Cancer based on in silico Study

The Study of flavonoid in Apium graveolens L. as a Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Protein Inhibitor in Colorectal Cancer based on in silico Study

GC-MS Analysis and Antiproliferative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Apium graveolens L. seeds on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

GC-MS Analysis and Antiproliferative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Apium graveolens L. seeds on MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Molecular Docking Studies : Activity of Natural Compounds as SAR-CoV-2 Inhibitors in Papain-like protease (PL pro)

SARS-CoV-2 is a respiratory virus often referred to as COVID-19. The challenge of finding SARS-CoV-2 antivirals also attracted many researchers, one of which was by utilizing natural compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential activity of herbal plants in Indonesia as anti-COVID-19, specifically tasked with inhibiting the target protein, PLpro using the in-silico method. This research is an insilico approach with molecular docking studies. Docking simulation in this study was used to analyze the activity of natural herbal plant compounds against the target protein, namely PLpro. In addition, the docking method is also able to examine the interaction of compounds contained in plants with target receptors seen from a computational-based visual approach. So, the results obtained in this study are that when viewed from the value of the gibbs energy produced, the compound that has the best activity to inhibit the PLpro target protein (SARS CoV-2) is Luteolin. The Gibbs energy generated in the Luteolin docking simulation is -7.3 kcal/mol. The Gibbs energy value produced by the Luteolin ligand is the most negative or the smallest value of the 14 tested ligands. This means that the bond formed between the Papain-like protease (PLpro) protein and the Luteolin ligand is the most stable among the others. In addition to the Luteonin compound, there are also several compounds that have quite good potential when viewed from the amount of gibbs energy owned, namely Mangostin, quercetin compounds and Myricetin compounds with gibbs energy values of -7.1 kcal / mol, -7.0 kcal / mol and -7.0 kcal / mol. Based on these results, it can be concluded that several compounds from typical Indonesian plants such as Luteolin compounds (Compounds found in Celery plants (Apium graveolens)), Mangostin compounds (Compounds found in Mangosteen plants (Garcinia mangostana)), Quercetin compounds (Compounds found in Citrus plants (Citrus aurantium)) and Myricetin compounds (Compounds found in Clove plants (Syzygium aromaticum)) have the potential to be developed as anti-COVID-19.

EFEK REBUSAN DAUN SELEDRI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT

Gout arthritis is caused by exercessive production of uric acid and decreased excretion, resulting in painful symptoms. One non-pharmacological approach in treating gout is the administration of boiled celery leaves. This objective of this research it to determine the effect of celery leaf decoction (Apium graveolens L.) on uric acid levels among the population in the working area of the UPTD Tanjung Sari Health Center, Natar District, South Lampung Regency in 2022. This research method employed is a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest with a control group design . The study population consists of individuals who have experienced gout within the working area of the UPTD Tanjung Sari Health Center, Natar District, South Lampung Regency from Januari to March 2022. A total of 40 respondents participated, with 20 in the interventation group and 20 in the control group. Based on statistical analysis, a p-value of 0,000 or p-value &lt; 0,05 was found, indicating the implications of providing celery leaf decoction on uric acid levels among the population in the working area of the Tanjung Sari Health Center, South Lampung Regency, in 2022.

Effect of self-interaction corrections (SIC) on physical properties of small Al, Ag and Ni nanoparticles

The density functional method with self-interaction corrections (SIC) has been used to calculate the static dipole polarizations and surface plasmons of small metallic nanoparticles. It turns out that SIC lower the static dipole polarization per atom in the case of Al clusters when decreasing the number of atoms. In the case of silver, the dipole plasmon like excitation energies increase on going to smaller nanoparticles. The comparison with experiments has been shown to be in good agreement. Also, the static dipole polarizabilities of the Ni nanoparticles have been considered.

The apiosyltransferase celery UGT94AX1 catalyzes the biosynthesis of the flavone glycoside apiin.

Apiose is a unique branched-chain pentose found in plant glycosides and a key component of the cell wall polysaccharide pectin and other specialized metabolites. More than 1,200 plant-specialized metabolites contain apiose residues, represented by apiin, a distinctive flavone glycoside found in celery (Apium graveolens) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) in the family Apiaceae. The physiological functions of apiin remain obscure, partly due to our lack of knowledge on apiosyltransferase during apiin biosynthesis. Here, we identified UGT94AX1 as an A. graveolens apiosyltransferase (AgApiT) responsible for catalyzing the last sugar modification step in apiin biosynthesis. AgApiT showed strict substrate specificity for the sugar donor, UDP-apiose, and moderate specificity for acceptor substrates, thereby producing various apiose-containing flavone glycosides in celery. Homology modeling of AgApiT with UDP-apiose, followed by site-directed mutagenesis experiments, identified unique Ile139, Phe140, and Leu356 residues in AgApiT, which are seemingly crucial for the recognition of UDP-apiose in the sugar donor pocket. Sequence comparison and molecular phylogenetic analysis of celery glycosyltransferases suggested that AgApiT is the sole apiosyltransferase-encoding gene in the celery genome. Identification of this plant apiosyltransferase gene will enhance our understanding of the physioecological functions of apiose and apiose-containing compounds.

&lt;i&gt;Apium graveolens&lt;/i&gt; Aqueous Extract Reduced Cardiovascular Diseases and Inflammatory Biomarkers Expression in High-Fat Diet-Fed BALB/C Mice

Background and Aims: Cardiovascular disease prevention has always been a high goal. The goal of this study is to investigate if Apium graveolens has any influence on cardiovascular disease risk factors, biomarkers, and inflammatory biomarkers in male BALB/c mice that have been given a high-fat diet. Methods: Apium graveolens aqueous extract was given to male BALB/c mice, and they were either fed a standard pellet or a diet composed of cholesterol (0.15%), sodium cholate (0.5%), and pure coconut oil (21%) for 12 weeks. Serum fasting glucose, a lipid profile, liver function tests, and cardiac indicators were used to evaluate the extract’s anti-dyslipidemic, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective characteristics. Antioxidant enzyme markers in tissues were also evaluated. To evaluate inflammatory and CVD biomarkers in cardiac tissue, RT-qPCR and ELISA were used. An unpaired t-test assessed group differences. P &lt; 0.05 showed significance. Results: The HFD control group exhibited considerably higher levels of blood glucose, lipid profile, hepatic indicators, inflammatory and cardiac markers, and lower levels of HDL-C and antioxidant enzymes. When administered orally, an aqueous extract of Apium graveolens significantly reduced blood glucose levels. Serum lipids and liver indicators returned to nearnormal levels. In addition to a considerable reduction in MDA levels, treated mice showed a large increases in catalase and reduced glutathione activities. Inflammatory and cardiovascular disease biomarker expression was reduced in the extract-treated groups. Conclusions: Apium graveolens consumption may help reduce the risk of cardiovascular disorders.

Silver Vapor Supersonic Jets: Expansion Dynamics, Cluster Formation, and Film Deposition.

Supersonic jets of metal vapors with carrier gas are promising for producing nanostructured metal films at relatively low source temperatures and high deposition rates. However, the effects of the carrier gas on the jet composition and expansion dynamics, as well as on film properties, remain virtually unexplored. In this work, the free-jet expansion of a mixture of silver vapor with helium in a rarefied regime at an initial temperature of 1373 K is investigated through mass spectrometry and direct-simulation Monte Carlo methods. Introducing the carrier gas into the source is found to result in a transition from a collisionless to a collision-dominated expansion regime and dramatic changes in the Ag jet, which becomes denser, faster, and more forward-directed. The changes are shown to be favorable for the formation of small Ag clusters and film deposition. At a fairly high helium flow, silver Ag2 dimers are observed in the jet, both in the experiment and the simulations, with a mole fraction reaching 0.1%. The terminal velocities of silver atoms and dimers are nearly identical, indicating that the clusters are likely formed due to the condensation of silver vapor in the expanding jet. A high potential of supersonic Ag-He jets for the deposition of nanostructured silver films is demonstrated. The deposited jet Ag2 dimers appear to serve as nucleation centers and, thus, allow for controlling the size of the produced surface nanostructures.

Repellent activity of basil, clary sage and celery essential oils on Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

A two-arm olfactometer was used in experiments to determine the effect of different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, and 1%) of essential oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum), clary sage (Salvia sclarea), and celery seed (Apium graveolens) on the behaviour of the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum). In the first experiment, the effect of the tested essential oils on mixed-sex T. castaneum was examined, while in the second experiment, the same effect was examined on males and females of this species, separately. The results showed that basil and clary sage essential oils repelled mixed sexes of T. castaneum at all tested concentrations, while celery seed oil, at a concentration of 1%, exhibited a repellent effect, at 0.1%, a neutral effect, and at 0.01%, an attractive effect. T. castaneum male and female behaviour differed in subsequent studies. Celery seed essential oil was attractive to males and females at the lowest concentration (0.01%); at the middle concentration, it was repellent to males but attractive to females, while at the highest concentration, it was repellent to both males and females. Basil essential oil, at the lowest concentration (0.01%), also had a repellent effect on males but not on females. Better knowledge of the behaviour of this pest can contribute to the development of new methods of store product protection.

Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables

Abstract. Maser WH, Maiyah N, Nagarajan M, Kingwascharapong P, Senphan T, Ali AMM, Bavisetty SCB. 2023. Effect of different extraction solvents on the yield and enzyme inhibition (a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase) activity of some vegetables. Biodiversitas 24: 3320-3331. The present study investigated the in vitro inhibition of a-amylase, a-glucosidase, and lipase, and antioxidant activities (DPPH, metal chelating, and FRAP) of Allium cepa L., Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss using solvent 80% ethanol, absolute ethanol, acetone, methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, and hot water. The total phenolic content (TPC) and the FTIR and GC-MS characterization spectra were compared with the activities. The TPC of 80% ethanol extract in A. graveolens L. was the highest among the extracts, with 23.78 mg GAE/g extract. The 80% ethanol extract exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity on DPPH radical scavenging (A. graveolens, 125.57 mg AEAC/g extract), metal chelating (C. sativum, 92.85 mg EECC/g extract), and FRAP activities (C. sativum, 46.98 mg AEAC/g extract). The 80% ethanol extract showed the highest anti-a-amylase (P. crispum, 30.61 mmol ACE/g extract) and anti-a-glucosidase (A. cepa, 595.28 mmol ACE/g extract) activities. In comparison, the absolute ethanol extract of C. sativum showed the highest anti-lipase activity (42.10% inhibition). According to the FTIR spectra, the 80% ethanol extract of the four green leafy vegetables is predicted to have several active compounds. GC-MS identified the compounds responsible for the activity. Studies on the recovery potential of active compounds as oral agents to treat diabetes mellitus with certain solvents are very useful in producing oral agents and functional foods to prevent diabetes mellitus.

First Report of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum Causing Basal Stem Rot on Celery in China.

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is an economically important vegetable crop in China. In recent years, celery has been widely planted in Yuzhong county, Gansu province. From 11 April to 24 May, 2019-2021, basal stem rot of celery was observed with incidences up to 15% in the Yuzhong region (35°49'N, 104°16'E, 1865 m a.s.l.), which caused serious economic losses to local farmers. Typical symptoms of the disease included wilting and darkening of the basal stem, leading to plant death. To identify the cause of the disease, small pieces (5mm×5mm) of the margin of asymptomatic and rotting basal stem tissues were sterilized with 70% ethanol for 30 s and 3% NaClO for 5 min, then placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, and incubated at 25℃ (Zhao et al. 2021). Twenty-seven single-conidium isolates with morphological characteristics similar to Fusarium spp. were obtained (Ma et al. 2022), which displayed two kinds of colony morphology. On PDA, seven isolates developed white, fluffy aerial mycelium and twenty isolates developed light pink abundant aerial mycelium. Isolate F5 and F55 from each distinct morphological group were cultured on PDA and synthetic low nutrient agar (SNA) for pathogenicity tests, morphological and molecular identification. The macroconidia (18.3 to 29.6 × 3.6 to 5.3 μm, n=50) with 1 to 2 septa and microconidia (7.5 to 11.6 × 2.6 to 3.5 μm, n=50) with 0 to 1 septum were observed in F5. For F55, the size of macroconidia was 14.2 to 19.5 × 3.3 to 4.2 μm (n = 50) with 1 to 2 septa; Microconidia were mostly 0 to 1 septum and measured 7.3 to 12.8 × 2.2 to 4.2 μm (n = 50). To confirm the identity of the isolates, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (TEF-1α) gene were amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4 and EF-1/EF-2 (Uwaremwe et al. 2020), respectively. The sequence similarities of isolate F5 (GenBank No. OL616048 and OP186480) and F55 (GenBank No. OL616049 and OP186481) with the corresponding sequences of F. solani (MT447508 and MN650097) and F. oxysporum (MG461555 and OQ632904) ranged from 99.22% to 100.00%, with matching base pairs of 531/532, 416/416, 511/515 and 394/395, respectively. The voucher samples were deposited in the sample center of Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Morphological and molecular results confirmed the species of F5 and F55 as F. solani and F. oxysporum, respectively. A pathogenicity test was conducted under greenhouse conditions (19-31°C, avg. 26°C). Conidial suspension (105 spores/mL) of isolates F5 and F55 were poured onto the basal stems of healthy celery seedlings at the age of 1 month and mock-inoculated control treatments with sterile water. Ten plants were inoculated for each treatment. After 21 days, all plants inoculated with both fungal isolates developed symptoms similar to those observed in the field, whereas the mock-inoculated plants remained healthy. The pathogen was successfully reisolated from the inoculated symptomatic plants onto PDA medium and had morphology as described above, confirming Koch's postulates. F. solani and F. oxysporum have been reported to infect many plant species, including carrot (Zhang et al. 2014) and Angelica sinensis (Liu et al. 2022). To our knowledge, this is the first report that F. solani and F. oxysporum cause basal stem rot on celery in China. The identification of pathogens of the observed basal stem rot on celery provides a clear target for the prevention and management of this disease.