Antisolvent Precipitation Research Articles

Development of self-assembled (+)-Nootkatone delivery system using Gliadin-Carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and pharmaceutical application.

Development of self-assembled (+)-Nootkatone delivery system using Gliadin-Carboxymethyl chitosan composite nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and pharmaceutical application.

Preparation, characterization, and functional properties of zein/gallic acid/sodium alginate ternary composite nanoparticles for enhancing stability and bioaccessibility of phytosterols.

Preparation, characterization, and functional properties of zein/gallic acid/sodium alginate ternary composite nanoparticles for enhancing stability and bioaccessibility of phytosterols.

Room-Temperature Antisolvent Precipitation and Bio-Based Low-Melting Mixture Solvent Leaching for Sustainable Recycling of Solid Electrolytes.

The precipitation of metals from leachates is a crucial step in the hydrometallurgical recycling of solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) from waste all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs). Conventional methods, such as high-temperature distillation, low-temperature crystallization, and electro-deposition are often energy-intensive and costly. Therefore, there is a strong demand for lower-energy, cost-effective strategies to precipitate valuable metals from spent batteries. Here, we employ the anti-solvent method-a low-energy approach-to precipitate precious metals from leachates at room temperature for the separation of dissolved SSEs. Among 61 anti-solvents evaluated, diisopropylamine could achieve a Li precipitation efficiency close to 100%. Additionally, bio-based low-melting mixture solvents (LoMMSs) choline chloride (ChCl):polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG) (1:10) is used as green alternatives to deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids, offering superior performance in dissolving SSEs from ASSLIBs. This work presents an efficient, sustainable, low-energy, and economically viable strategy for the green precipitation of valuable metals from the SSEs of spent ASSLIBs.

Alkaline Extraction and Ethanol Precipitation of High-Molecular-Weight Xylan Compounds from Eucalyptus Residues.

Alkaline treatment is well suited for extracting high-molecular-weight hemicelluloses, specifically hardwoods xylans, which, due to their polymer structure and chemical characteristics, enable the production of films with desirable mechanical, barrier, and optical properties for packaging applications. Despite its relevance, the optimization of antisolvent addition has received little attention in the literature. This study explores the use of eucalyptus industrial residue as feedstock, utilizing a statistical design to determine the optimal extraction conditions for hemicelluloses while minimizing the lignin content in the recovered liquor. The process uses alkali loads that are compatible with those in conventional Kraft pulp mills. Optimal extraction conditions involve a temperature of 105 °C, 16.7% NaOH charge, and 45 min at maximum temperature. The resulting liquor was subjected to ethanol precipitation under varying pH conditions (initial pH, 9, 7, 5, and 2) and different ethanol-to-liquor ratios (1:1 to 4:1). The acidification was performed using hydrochloric, sulfuric, and acetic acids. Ethanol served as the main antisolvent, while isopropyl alcohol and dioxane were tested for comparison. Results show that 2.3 ± 0.2% of xylans (based on oven-dry biomass) could be extracted, minimizing lignin content in the liquor. This value corresponds to the extraction of 15.6% of the xylans present in the raw material. The highest xylan precipitation yield (78%) was obtained at pH 7, using hydrochloric acid for pH adjustment and an ethanol-to-liquor ratio of 1:1. These findings provide valuable insight into optimizing hemicellulose recovery through antisolvent precipitation, contributing to more efficient biomass valorization strategies within lignocellulosic biorefineries.

Encapsulation of anthocyanins from purple corn cob via antisolvent precipitation: Effect of pH and zein/gum arabic ratio on the antioxidant activity, particle size and thermal stability

Encapsulation of anthocyanins from purple corn cob via antisolvent precipitation: Effect of pH and zein/gum arabic ratio on the antioxidant activity, particle size and thermal stability

Encapsulation of ferulic acid in quinoa protein and zein nanoparticles prepared through antisolvent precipitation: Structure, stability and gastrointestinal digestion

Encapsulation of ferulic acid in quinoa protein and zein nanoparticles prepared through antisolvent precipitation: Structure, stability and gastrointestinal digestion

Development of tolerogenic casein encapsulated quercetin and curcumin nanoparticles to mitigate cow milk allergic responses.

Development of tolerogenic casein encapsulated quercetin and curcumin nanoparticles to mitigate cow milk allergic responses.

Tailoring kraft lignin for high-performance nanoparticles: from structure to function.

Tailoring kraft lignin for high-performance nanoparticles: from structure to function.

Design and Development of Nanoparticle-loaded In-situ Gel for Enhanced and Sustained Ophthalmic Delivery

Background: Flurbiprofen, a non-selective COX inhibitor utilized for managing mild to moderate pain and inflammation, operates through reversible inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. However, as a BCS class II drug, it exhibits limited aqueous solubility, leading to suboptimal ocular bioavailability and a brief corneal contact. Objective: The goal of this study was to amplify the aqueous solubility of Flurbiprofen by formu-lating it into a nanosuspension, which was subsequently incorporated into an in-situ gelling sys-tem so as to extend the ocular residence time and to achieve sustained drug release. Methods: Nanosuspensions were crafted through the anti-solvent precipitation ultra-sonication method. The assessment included parameters, such as particle size, surface morphology, XRD, and FT-IR. The optimized nanosuspension was then incorporated into a pH-sensitive in-situ gel. Results: The developed formulation was stable and showed enhanced contact time, minimizing the frequency of administration. Morphological analysis unveiled spherical drug nanoparticles in the nanosuspension without any signs of aggregation, supported by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The ex vivo permeation studies showed a drug release of 83.48%, indicating good permeation and histopathology, and isotonicity indicated no ocular irritation and tissue damage. Conclusion: The design and development of Flurbiprofen nanosuspension were found to be liq-uid at the formulated pH and formed gel due to changes in bonds between polymers. In-situ ocu-lar gels minimize the risk of systemic absorption of the drug, as they are designed to stay local-ized on the ocular surface and within the eye. An optimum point can be reached in the shortest time with minimum efforts to achieve desirable rheological and in-vitro release properties for in-situ gelling systems.

Fabrication of Gliadin-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Composite Nanoparticles to Improve the Stability and Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin.

The antisolvent precipitation method was employed to synthesize curcumin-loaded gliadin-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) composite nanoparticles (GCC NPs). When the gliadin/CMCS weight ratio was 2:1, the GCC NPs with an ideal negative charge (-27.57 ± 1.07 mV) and the minimum particle size (184.13 ± 5.49 nm) were obtained. With the addition of CMCS, the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of Cur was markedly improved from 77.46 ± 1.54% to 93.88 ± 1.31%. Under various pH values and salt concentrations, the GCC NPs displayed excellent colloidal stability. Specifically, after encapsulation within the GCC NPs, the antioxidant activity of Cur was markedly improved. In ABTS and DPPH assays, the SC50 values of the GCC NPs were 4.98 ± 0.07 µg/mL and 9.86 ± 0.29 µg/mL, respectively. In summary, the GCC NPs would be an effective platform for the delivery of Cur in food and pharmaceutical preparations.

Optimization of Nano-Tangeretin Recrystallization via Natural Surfactants in the Antisolvent Precipitation Process: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity

In this study, an improved method combining natural surfactants with a solvent–antisolvent precipitation technique was developed to prepare highly effective nano-sized tangeretin particles. Various natural surfactants were tested and compared, and the formulation was optimized using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design methodologies. The optimal preparation conditions were identified as follows: a tangeretin–dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution concentration of 5.23 mg/mL, surfactant concentration of 4.72%, and a rotor diameter of 20 mm. Under these conditions, uniform nano-tangeretin particles with an average size of 428.73 ± 30.25 nm were successfully produced. The preparation process significantly reduced particle size without chemical structure of tangeretin, as confirmed by spectral analysis. Importantly, the free radical scavenging activity of the nano-tangeretin was markedly enhanced, showing 65.4% increase in DPPH radical inhibition compared to the unprocessed powder. These results demonstrate that the proposed method can improve the bioactivity and dispersibility of tangeretin, providing a valuable strategy for the efficient utilization and industrial-scale production of bioactive compounds from natural resources.

Formulation And Evaluation Of The Dolutegravir Nanocrystals

Drugs with low water solubility may be delivered more easily with the help of nanocrystals. The use of low energy anti-solvent precipitation to create nanocrystals has been examined in this work, for the anti-retroviral medication dolutegravir, which is essentially poorly insoluble in water, stable nanocrystals with consistent particle sizes were created. Due to its limited water solubility, dolutegravir, a powerful HIV integrase inhibitor, has problems that impact both its bioavailability and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to improve the solubility and bioavailability of dolutegravir by creating oral nanocrystal tablets. A bottom-up method was used to create the nanocrystals, and appropriate excipients were used to stabilize them. When compared to the pure medication, the optimized nanocrystal formulation showed better solubility and dissolution rates.The nanocrystal powder was used to produce oral tablets, which were then tested for pharmacokinetic profile and effectiveness in HIV-infected cells. The results demonstrated that the oral nanocrystal Dolutegravir tablets had better bioavailability and efficacy. This innovative formulation strategy has the potential to enhance HIV patients' treatment results.

Carrier Free 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose Nanoparticles for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe lung disease with a high mortality rate, and novel therapeutic strategies must be developed crucially. The amelioration of inflammation and oxidative stress is a promising strategy for alleviating ALI. 1,2,3,4,6-O-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) has a pronounced therapeutic effect on ALI, with excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, poor solubility and low bioavailability have affected its clinical application. In this study, carrier-free PGG nanoparticles (PGG NPs) were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method. PGG NPs have been engineered to improve solubility, sustained release behavior, and higher bioavailability than free PGG. Moreover, the pharmacodynamic results showed that the remarkable protective effect of PGG NPs on ALI in rats is better than that of free PGG, which is related to the activation of Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway. Overall, this study not only demonstrates the efficacy and safety of PGG against ALI, but also holds promise as a carrier-free nanodrug system.

QUALITY BY DESIGN-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF FORMULATION PARAMETERS TO DEVELOP NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS OF EZETIMIBE AND FENOFIBRATE FOR IMPROVING ITS BIOPHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES

Objective: In the current research work, Ezetimibe (EZT) and Fenofibrate (FBT), as they belong to BCS class II, have poor solubility and high permeability nature, which causes poor bioavailability and therapeutic failure. The drugs were formulated as nanoparticulate carrier systems to overcome the solubility problems associated with the drugs. So, the drugs were prepared as nanosuspension in the combination form using a polymer to enhance the drugs' bioavailability parameters. Methods: A novel technique was employed to prepare the formulation to improve the drugs' dissolution rate and bioavailability. In the current study, the antisolvent precipitation method was employed to formulate an EZT-FBT nanosuspension using a polymer, poloxamer 188. The best formulation was optimized by employing a design of experiments, i.e., a Plackett-Burman design, and an in vitro characterization of the best formulation was performed. Results: EZT and FBT nanosuspension formulation was successfully prepared by using poloxamer 188, methanol, and water as solvent and antisolvent. The optimized formulation FED-8 underwent characterization, which showed a particle size of 242.9 nm with high zeta potential, i.e.,-17 mV. 32 factorial design and Plackett-Burman design were employed for the optimization of the formulation parameters and the best formulation of nanosuspension. All the predetermined independent variables were found to affect the dependent variables from the resultant nanosuspension. All the studies, like saturation solubility, drug content, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), showed significant characteristic results. The kinetic studies of FED-8 were carried out, which showed 99.2% drug release in 2.5 h compared with the individual pure drugs. Conclusion: The study concludes that the Plackett-Burman design was effectively employed to identify formulating and processing key parameters affecting the quality of the EZT-FBT nanosuspension. This combinational approach enhanced the solubility and dissolution rate compared with pure drugs.

Novel pH-Responsive Folic Acid-Conjugated Zein-Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoparticles for Enhanced and Controlled Curcumin Release

PurposeThe aim of this study is to develop a novel pH-sensitive drug delivery system by encapsulating curcumin (CR) in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-coated zein (ZN) nanoparticles (NPs). In addition, this study aims to improve a tumour-specific drug delivery system by targeting NPs with folic acid.MethodsZN-NPs were prepared by an antisolvent precipitation technique. Zetasizer, TGA, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and DSC analyses were used in the characterisation studies of the NPs. The dialysis method was used to study the release of CR from CR-ZN-NPs and CR-ZN-CMC-NPs.ResultsThe smallest average ZN-NPs size, 117.2 nm, was obtained with a ultrapure water/ethanol ratio of 10/90 and 0.2 g of ZN. The ZN-NPs size loaded with 1.5 mg of CR was found to be 184 nm. The optimum average ZN-CMC-NPs size was obtained as 277.5 nm with an ideal polydispersity index (0.230) and zeta potential value (-48.1 mV) at a ZN to CMC mass ratio of 1:3. The maximum CR encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of CR-ZN-NPs containing 2.5 mg of CR were 51% and 0.64%, respectively. For CR-ZN-CMC-NPs, the maximum CR encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were 70% and 0.58%, respectively. The cumulative release percentages of CR from CR-ZN-NPs and CR-ZN-CMC-NPs loaded with 1.5 mg of CR were 63.6% and 82.5%, respectively, after 72 h in pH 5.6 PBS buffer. Under pH 7.4 conditions, the cumulative CR release percentages from CR-ZN-NPs and CR-ZN-CMC-NPs were 90.6% and 92.1%, respectively, after 72 h. A more controlled, sustained, slower but slightly lower release of CR was obtained at pH 5.6 than at pH 7.4. CR release was slightly retarded by folic acid (FA) conjugation to CR-ZN-CMC-NPs. The release kinetics of CR from both CR-ZN-CMC-NPs and CR-ZN-NPs were best represented by the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models, which suggests an "anomalous transport" mechanism.ConclusionThe study demonstrates that CMC-coated ZN-NPs were used as an effective CR delivery system by providing optimal CR encapsulation efficiency and controlled release. The study suggests that this pH-responsive, biocompatible drug delivery system could be optimized for dual-drug combinations or synergistic effects in cancer therapy, providing a promising foundation for further research.Graphical

Tunning antisolvent precipitation for the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles using lignin extracted from different agro-industrial wastes.

Tunning antisolvent precipitation for the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles using lignin extracted from different agro-industrial wastes.

Modification of walnut shell lignin nanoparticles through deep eutectic solvent for application in active food packaging films.

Modification of walnut shell lignin nanoparticles through deep eutectic solvent for application in active food packaging films.

Effects of amylose and amylopectin molecular structures on the emulsification performance of starch nanoparticles.

Starch nanoparticles have increasing applications as emulsion stabilizers in functional foods and drug delivery. The effects of amylose and amylopectin molecular structures on the emulsification performance of starch nanoparticles obtained from anti-solvent precipitation are explored here. From size-exclusion chromatography results, ten different starch nanoparticles with distinct molecular structures possessed a molecular size ranging from 63nm to 111nm. Rice-starch nanoparticles showed near-neutral wettability (contact angle 90.25°) with 100% emulsifying stability index (ESI). Correlation analysis indicated that the maximum size of the amylopectin component was positively associated with ESI, while the amount of amylopectin long chains and the lengths of amylose short chains negatively correlated with ESI. Mechanistic reasons for these observations are put forward. These findings can help design new emulsifiers using starch nanoparticles, and development of "clean-label" (i.e. having relatively few ingredients, "natural" ingredients, and few synthetic additives) food emulsions.

Effect of zein nanoparticles addition on anthocyanin and lutein dual-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels: Structure, physico-chemical and delivery properties.

Effect of zein nanoparticles addition on anthocyanin and lutein dual-loaded nanocomposite hydrogels: Structure, physico-chemical and delivery properties.

Glucosamine sulphate endorsed ibuprofen nanocrystals burdened polymeric gel demonstrated multidimensional anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective potential in experimental knee osteoarthritis: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Glucosamine sulphate endorsed ibuprofen nanocrystals burdened polymeric gel demonstrated multidimensional anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective potential in experimental knee osteoarthritis: In vitro and in vivo studies.