Antiseptic Solution Research Articles

Терапія ран від’ємним тиском в лікуванні вогнепальних ран м’яких тканин кінцівок

SummaryPurpose – to analyze the results of the treatment of wounded with soft tissuegunshot wounds of extremities using negative pressure wound therapy.Materials and methods. The total number of patients studied with combat surgicaltrauma was 52 people, allocated to groups depending on the treatment performed. Thefirst group (n=27) included wounded with soft tissue defects after combat surgicaltrauma treated by the method of wound therapy with negative pressure. The secondgroup (n=25) included wounded with soft tissue defects as a consequence of combatsurgical trauma treated with traditional methods (staged surgical treatments, dailydressings with antiseptic solutions, ointment dressings).Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of the results of the treatment of52 wounded anti-terrorist operation (ATO) participants with bullet and shrapnelwounds of soft tissues of extremities who were admitted to the National Military MedicalClinical Center «Main Military Clinical Hospital» during the hostilities in easternUkraine during 2016–2018 was carried out. Of these, 27 wounded were treated usingvacuum therapy. The course of vacuum therapy ranged from 7 to 15 days of constantexposure, the average duration of applying one dressing was from 1 to 3 days. Theduration of hospital stay, peculiarities of clinical manifestations, dynamics of microbialcontamination of wounds, and cellular composition in wound prints were assessed.Vacuum therapy accelerated the cleaning of wounds and the beginning of tissueregeneration, promoted epithelialization of wounds.The data obtained indicate a significant improvement in the course of the woundprocess; during treatment using the method of vacuum therapy, it was possible to carryout the plastic stages of wound closure almost 1.5–2 times faster than using the method.The method reduces the number of planned necrectomies, increases the rate ofelimination of purulent microflora in group 1 almost twice, which ensures woundpreparation before closure.In addition, the installation of a vacuum dressing for a period of 3 days greatlysimplifies patient care, reduces the pain and traumatic factor of daily dressings, and atthe same time is the prevention of intra-hospital infection due to the absence ofcontamination from the wound.Conclusions:1. A protracted course of the disease is observed with traditional treatment ofgunshot wounds of soft tissues of the extremities with a pronounced general reaction toinflammation, which is characterized by an average length of hospital stay of up to(24.8±3.09) bed-days.2. The clinical effect of negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of surgicalinfection of soft tissues is based on the enhancement of microcirculatory bloodcirculation in the inflammation focus, which leads to the normalization of localmetabolic processes and activation of local sanitation and regenerative reactions.3. With the simultaneous use of low-dose vacuum and antibacterial therapy, asynergistic interaction is observed due to their total antibacterial effect, as well as theability of vacuum therapy to influence the concentration of the antibacterial drug in thepathological focus.4. Negative pressure wound therapy is an effective method of treating soft tissuegunshot wounds, which allows to reduce by 2.5 times the number of repeated operations(mainly staged surgical treatments), thereby reducing the length of hospital stay by 1.7times to (17,8 ± 2.7) bed-days

COMPARISON OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF THREE TYPES OF MOUTHWASH, CONTAINING CHLORHEXIDINE-CHLORBUTANOL, ALCOHOL-ESSENTIAL OILS AND PROPOLIS-MENTHA OIL COMBINATIONS

Mouthwash is an antiseptic solution intended to reduce the microbial load in the oral cavity, although other mouthwash might be given for other reasons such as for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory or anti-fungal action. A study was carried out to compare the antibacterial and antifungal properties of three mouthrinse preparations - both containing commercial used antiseptic combinations (chlorhexidine 0,100% + chlorbutanol 0,500% and alcohol 21,60% + essential oils) and one with natural active ingredients (propolis 2,00% + mentha oil 0, 042%). The antibacterial and antifungal activity of three types of mouthwash were tested on three microbial strains - Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans by two alternatives of agar diffusion tests – “cup plate” technique and disc-diffusion test. The results showed the highest antimicrobial activity of the chlorhexidine-chlorbutanol combination. Mouthwash containing propolis with mint oil demonstrated activity only against S. aureus strain. It turned out that testing the antimicrobial activity of mouthwash with alcohol with essential oils with the agar diffusion method is not representative. For 24 hours with this mouthwash, no inhibition zones were observed in none of the strains at any concentration. Our assumption is that alcoholic solutions are exuding and bacteria starts to grow.

Perianal Traumatic Myiasis in a Goat Caused by Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner 1862) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Konya Province of Turkey

Introduction: The infestation of live humans and animals with dipterous larvae is called Myiasis. These larvae feed on the living or dead tissues, body fluids, and ingested foods of hosts at least for a certain period in myiasis cases. Case Presentation: During clinical examination, several larvae were detected in the perianal area of a goat at Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Medicine Clinics. All visible larvae were cleaned by the clinician with the help of forceps. Ivermectin administered against larvae possibly penetrated deep into the wound. A topical antibiotic was also applied, and the wound was washed with an antiseptic solution. Several larvae were preserved in tubes including ethanol (70%) and transferred to parasitology laboratory. Firstly, the larvae were incised with a scalpel and cleared in potassium hydroxide (10%). Then, they were rinsed in distilled water, put into 70% ethanol for dehydration, and stored in 99% ethanol until dissection. The larvae were morphologically examined under a stereo microscope and dissected. The larvae were identified as third instar larvae of Wohlfahrtia magnifica according to the morphological characteristics of cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton, anterior spiracles, and peritremes. Conclusion: It should be kept in mind that in myiasis cases, early diagnosis is a very important factor in preventing deep tissue loss.

Is there a feasibility of pharmacotherapeutic preparation of the oral mucosa for augmentation urethroplasty?

Introduction. Augmentation urethroplasty using buccal mucosa is currently the optimal method for treating extended urethral strictures. However, this surgery is associated with a fairly high frequency of relapses and complications. One of the reasons that can determine the success or negative outcome of surgery is the morphological structure of the graft, which requires more in-depth research. Purpose of the study . To evaluate the initial morphological state of the buccal mucosa in men and determine the feasibility of its pharmacotherapeutic preparation as a predictor of improving the quality of autograft engraftment in augmentation urethroplasty. Materials and methods . The morphological structure of buccal mucosa fragments was studied in 20 patients with extended strictures of the spongy urethra. The objects of morphological research were intact oral mucosa before augmentation urethroplasty (1 biopsy) and mucosal fragments after 7 days of oral treatment with «Listerine» antiseptic solution (2 biopsies). The biopsy material was examined microscopically using standard staining (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunohistochemical methods. Results. The initial histological structure of the buccal mucosa in every third patient was accompanied by inflammatory infiltration at the level of the subepithelial layer with desquamation of the epithelium. a pronounced increase and strengthening of intercellular contacts in grafts proved histologically and immunohistochemically, which was characterized by pronounced expression of antibodies throughout the thickness of the epithelial layer, after week-long handling of the oral cavity with an antiseptic. At the same time, there is a «self-organization» of the submucosal base by reducing oedema, strengthening intercellular and focal adhesion contacts, with an increase in the components of the vascular bed and the number of vascular «plumules». Conclusion. Thus, a week-long preoperative treatment of the oral cavity allows stopping damage to the epithelium and inflammatory infiltration in the submucosal base with an improvement in its vascularization, which can be regarded as a positive factor for subsequent graft implantation.

Effectiveness of single application alcohol based antiseptic solution in preventing surgical site infection

Background: Surgical site infections are the most commonly encountered problem in all surgical procedure. The main aim of the study is finding out the effectiveness of single application alcohol based antiseptic solution during preoperative preparation to reduce the surgical site infections. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of patients who underwent major and minor procedure in the duration of August 2019 - December 2019. The primary outcome of the study was evaluated on the basis of type of procedure, days of hospital stay, postoperative complications like seroma and pus discharge. Results: Out of two hundred patients included in this study, 100 patients underwent minor procedure and the other 100 underwent major procedure. Age distribution for minor cases less than 25 is 3, 26-50 is 42 and 51-75 is 103 with mean ± SD is 50.41± 14.25 and for major cases less than 25 is 1, 26-50 is 51, 51-75 is 48 with mean ± SD is 50.87± 13.59. Sex distribution of minor cases male - 48 & female -52, major cases with distribution of male -45 and female -55. Hospitalisation of all minor cases are less than 1 day with mean value of 1 and major cases less than 1 day are 4, 2-3 days are 86 and more than 3 days are 10 with mean value of 2.3. Each patient was carefully monitored for the period of 30 days from the day of surgery and the complications, if any was treated accordingly. Out of 100 minor cases, seroma formation was noted in 3 patients and pus discharge in 4 patients. Collections were evacuated thorough wound wash and saline dressing were done (no antibiotics were given for these cases both preoperative as well as postoperative period).Whereas, Out of 100 major cases (single dose of preoperative antibiotics are given) seroma formation were noted in 7 patients, seroma collections were evacuated, thorough wound wash and saline dressing were done (no antibiotics were given for these cases), Pus discharge was found in 7 patients, among them 4 were treated with I V Antibiotics for 5 days according to pus culture and sensitivity report. Conclusion: The 200 patients who underwent procedure with single application of alcohol based antiseptic solution (2% chlorhexidine) for pre-operative preparation, was found to be effective against surgical site infections.

Problems of quality of raw milk and their overcoming by dipping procedures with Forticept® drugs

Indicators of physical and chemical composition of raw milk determine the safety and quality of products of its processing (cheese, butter, sour milk drinks). Cow udder hygiene is a guarantee of animal health and one of the most important factors in obtaining high-quality milk. The purpose of the study was to analyze the quality of raw milk in farms in the western region of Ukraine, as well as to determine the impact of dipping procedures using Forticept® Udder Wash (predipping) and Forticept® Udder Forte (dipping) on the quality of milk. In the course of the study, the generally accepted methods of physicochemical and bacteriological research of milk were used. In dairy complexes, where modern hygienically sound milk production technology has been introduced, mastitis affected no more than 9.5% of the herd. At the same time, in other farms with an imperfect industrial scheme, breast pathologies covered 57–80% of the herd. Also, according to authors’ data, the subclinical form of mastitis caused a decrease in milk production to 30 liters per month from one cow. Furthermore, the disease significantly affected the chemical composition, physical and microbiological parameters of milk. In livestock affected by mastitis, the average fat content of milk decreased to 3.17±0.05 %, protein content – 2.93±0.12 %, casein – 2.53±0.17 %. In contrast, the number of somatic cells increased to 769.3±57.34 thousand/cm3. In the experiment, the therapeutic effect of the applied dipping with Forticept® solutions in the subclinical form of mastitis was 50%. The preventive effect almost reached a maximum – 96 %. In fact, the procedure of dipping hygiene of the udder, regardless of the classic or innovative formula of the chosen remedy, significantly reduced the number of cases of hyperkeratosis and prevented the emergence of new ones. The number of udder nipple with pathological changes during the month of dipping decreased by 25%. Intensive udder hygiene also led to an increase in milk fat content (from 13.7 to 17.8%), protein (from 7.3 to 11.9%, P≤0.05) and lactose (from 6.1, P≤0.05 to 2.5%). Moreover, there were a decrease the number of somatic cells to grade milk of high quality (129.76±30.88 thousand/cm3, P≤0.05). Therefore, treatment of the udder by dipping procedures using antiseptic solutions Forticept® prevents cows from mastitis and hyperkeratosis, improves the chemical and bacteriological parameters of milk. In the future, test studies of Forticept® drugs for the use of small cattle are planned.

Efficacy of Povidone-Iodine Nasal and Oral Antiseptic Preparations Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From the first reported cases in December 2019, the virus has spread to over 4 million people worldwide. Human-to-human transmission occurs mainly through the aerosolization of respiratory droplets. Transmission also occurs through contact with contaminated surfaces and other fomites. Improved antisepsis of human and nonhuman surfaces has been identified as a key feature of transmission reduction. There are no previous studies of povidone iodine (PVP-I) against SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated nasal and oral antiseptic formulations of PVP-I for virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2. This is the first report on the efficacy of PVP-I against the virus that causes COVID-19. Povidone iodine nasal antiseptic formulations and PVP-I oral rinse antiseptic formulations from 1% to 5% concentrations as well as controls were studied for virucidal efficacy against the SARS-CoV-2. Test compounds were evaluated for ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 as measured in a virucidal assay. SARS-CoV-2 was exposed directly to the test compound for 60 seconds, compounds were then neutralized, and surviving virus was quantified. All concentrations of nasal antiseptics and oral rinse antiseptics evaluated completely inactivated the SARS-CoV-2. Nasal and oral PVP-I antiseptic solutions are effective at inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 at a variety of concentrations after 60-second exposure times. The formulations tested may help to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 if used for nasal decontamination, oral decontamination, or surface decontamination in known or suspected cases of COVID-19.

In Vitro Efficacy of a Povidone-Iodine Nasal Antiseptic for Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2

Research is needed to demonstrate the efficacy of nasal povidone-iodine (PVP-I) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of PVP-I nasal antiseptic for the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 at clinically significant contact times of 15 and 30 seconds. The SARS-CoV-2, USA-WA1/2020 strain, virus stock was tested against nasal antiseptic solutions consisting of aqueous PVP-I as the sole active ingredient. Povidone-iodine was tested at diluted concentrations of 0.5%, 1.25%, and 2.5% and compared with controls. The test solutions and virus were incubated at mean (SD) room temperature of 22 (2) °C for time periods of 15 and 30 seconds. This controlled in vitro laboratory research study used 3 different concentrations of study solution and ethanol, 70%, as a positive control on test media infected with SARS-CoV-2. Test media without virus were added to 2 tubes of the compounds to serve as toxicity and neutralization controls. Ethanol, 70%, was tested in parallel as a positive control and water only as a negative control. The primary study outcome measurement was the log reduction value after 15 seconds and 30 seconds of given treatment. Surviving virus from each sample was quantified by standard end point dilution assay, and the log reduction value of each compound was compared with the negative (water) control. Povidone-iodine nasal antiseptics at concentrations (0.5%, 1.25%, and 2.5%) completely inactivated SARS-CoV-2 within 15 seconds of contact as measured by log reduction value of greater than 3 log10 of the 50% cell culture infectious dose of the virus. The ethanol, 70%, positive control did not completely inactivate SARS-CoV-2 after 15 seconds of contact. The nasal antiseptics tested performed better than the standard positive control routinely used for in vitro assessment of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents at a contact time of 15 seconds. No cytotoxic effects on cells were observed after contact with each of the nasal antiseptics tested. Povidone-iodine nasal antiseptic solutions at concentrations as low as 0.5% rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 at contact times as short as 15 seconds. Intranasal use of PVP-I has demonstrated safety at concentrations of 1.25% and below and may play an adjunctive role in mitigating viral transmission beyond personal protective equipment.

Hypochlorous acid water prevents postoperative intrauterine infection after microwave endometrial ablation.

We investigated the effects of uterine cavity lavage using hypochlorous acid water (HClO) on preventing postoperative intrauterine infection after microwave endometrial ablation (MEA). Four hundred and eleven consecutive patients were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups: 214 cases in 2014-2016 with disinfection using povidone-iodine antiseptic solution alone (group A) and 197 cases in 2017-2019 with additional intrauterine douche using HClO (group B). HClO was used at a concentration of 200 ppm of residual chlorine. One gram of Ceftriaxone Sodium Hydrate was administered by drip infusion during MEA in both groups. Oral antibiotics were administered after MEA only in group A but not in group B. Mean patient age (mean ± SD; years old) was 44.5 ± 4.6 in group A and 44.8 ± 5.4 in group B, and mean operation time (min) was 30.4 ± 19.1 in group A and 34.4 ± 22.6 in group B, respectively. Neither were significantly different between groups. The combined ablation techniques i.e. transcervical microwave myolysis and transcervical microwave adenomyolysis did not increase frequency of infection. Postoperative intrauterine infection cases in group B (8 cases) were significantly lower than those in group A (28 cases) (Chi-square test, P = 0.001). Hysterectomy was performed in three severe intrauterine infection cases in group A, but no cases of severe intrauterine infection was found in group B. No adverse effect of HClO was seen. Intrauterine douche using HClO decreases postoperative intrauterine infection after MEA.

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a Novel Surgical Handwashing Machine.

Background. Surgical hand scrub is strongly recommended as an essential measure to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). SSI results in morbidity and additional cost. Micropunctures may occur on surgical gloves during operation, thus hand scrub cannot be omitted in any condition. Generally speaking, the adequacy of hand scrub is decided by the surgeon. Only occasionally, surveillance of hygienic status of hands is performed after scrub. Therefore, the potential exists that suboptimal handwash leads to SSIs. There are standards for preoperative handwash, but all of them are operator dependent, and continuous surveillance is actually impossible. One solution is to omit the role of surgeon in handwashing. This can be achieved by designing a standard procedure, performed mechanically by a machine, considering the detailed requirements of hygienic surgical hand scrub. The goal of this study was to develop a procedure that works on the design, fabrication, and trial of a new handwashing machine, for surgical hand scrub. Methods. A machine with a reciprocal spraying mechanism was designed that covers from the fingertips up to the elbow. Various combinations of staged irrigations with antiseptic solutions and water were to be programmed and implemented. Clinical experiments were performed several times with different handwashing programs, and swabs were taken from the skin surface and creases. Results. There was no microbial growth after 72hours with any handwashing program. Conclusion. The preliminary experiments with this new handwashing machine show promising results for its application in surgical hand scrub.

Identification and analysis of odor-active compounds from Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill with different moisture content levels and lacquer treatments

The problem of indoor odors can greatly affect a room’s occupants. To identify odorants and comprehensively evaluate emissions from wooden materials, emissions and odors from Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill with different moisture content percentages and lacquer treatments were investigated in this study. Thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy/olfactometry was used to analyze the release characteristics. In total, 11 key odor-active compounds were identified as moisture content gradually decreased, concentrating between 15 and 33 min. Total volatile organic compounds, total very volatile organic compounds, and total odor intensity decreased as moisture content decreased. In addition, 35 odor-active compounds, including aromatics, alkenes, aldehydes, esters, and alcohols, were identified in the odor control list. Polyurethane (PU), ultraviolet (UV), and waterborne coatings had a good inhibitory effect on eight odor characteristics, but some scents arose after lacquer treatment. For equilibrium moisture content, the major characteristics of Choerospondias axillaris were fragrant (9.4) and mint-like (3.0) compared with the fragrant (8.2), fruity (7.8), and pleasant (5.8) characteristics of PU coating; the flowery (5.9), fragrant (5.0), glue-like (4.3), and pineapple-like (4.3) characteristics of UV coating; and the antiseptic solution (3.6), fragrant (2.9), cigarette-like (2.8), and fruity (2.5) characteristics of waterborne coating. Based on multicomponent evaluation, a Choerospondias axillaris board with waterborne coating was suggested for use indoors.

Polyclonal Burkholderia cepacia Complex Outbreak in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients Caused by Contaminated Aqueous Chlorhexidine.

Whether Burkholderia cepacia complex should be an objectionable organism in antiseptic solutions with acceptable total bacterial counts is controversial. By using next-generation sequencing, we documented a polyclonal B. cepacia complex outbreak affecting peritoneal dialysis patients in Hong Kong that was caused by contaminated chlorhexidine solutions. Epidemiologic investigations at a manufacturing site identified a semiautomated packaging machine as the probable source of contamination in some of the brands. Use of whole-genome sequencing differentiated the isolates into 3 brand-specific clonal types. Changes in exit site care recommendations, rapid recall of affected products, and tightening of regulatory control for chlorhexidine-containing skin antiseptics could prevent future similar outbreaks. Environmental opportunistic pathogens, including B. cepacia complex, might be included in regular surveillance as indicator organisms for monitoring environmental contamination.

Evaluation of herbal antiseptic red teak leaf extract (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) as teat gel for dairy cow

Antiseptic application on cow’s teat after milking is essential to prevent the udder infection during milking. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of Tectona grandis leaves extract as the main ingredient of antiseptic gel for cow’s teat as the innovation from conventional antiseptic solutions. The effects of herbal gel antiseptic on milk quality and the level of mammary inflammation (mastitis) were also determined. The mammary inflammation level determined by California Mastitis Test (CMT). Total of four sub-clinical mastitis cows (sixteen teats) were used in the completely randomized design split plot in time (four treatments and four replications). The main plots were the red teak leaves extract with different levels: 0.10% (P1); 0.06% (P2); 0.02% (P3) and povidone iodine (P0) as positive control. The sub-plot was the duration of treatments (0, 5 and 10 days). The result showed that bacterial counts in milk from cows using herbal antiseptic gel (P1, P2, P3) were lower (P<0.05) than those using povidone iodine (P0). The bacterial counts in milk and the mammary gland’s inflammation degree were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as the treatment duration increased. There were significantly difference on the level of mammary inflammation healing between cows using herbal antiseptic gel and povidone iodine. The decreased level of mammary inflammation was thought to have an effect on increasing the protein, fat, and lactose contents in milk of cows using herbal gel (P<0.05). Hence, the antiseptic gel with the lowest dose (0.02%) has the potential for use as anti-inflammatory agents.

The persistent breach between evidence and practice in the prevention of surgical site infection. Qualitative study.

Despite the dissemination of guidelines for surgical site infection (SSI) prevention, a gap between the theoretical measures and their compliance persists. Accurate estimates of the implementation of preventative measures is crucial before planning dissemination strategies. A web-based survey was distributed to members of 11 Associations of operative nurses and surgeons. Questions aimed to determine their awareness of evidence, personal beliefs and actual use of the main preventative measures. Of 1105 responders, 50.5% receive no feed-back of their SSI rate. Responders show a moderate rate of awareness of the recommendations about not removing hair, hair clipping, skin antisepsis with alcoholic solutions, and normothermia. Antibiotic prophylaxis is given for more than 24h by 18.8% of respondents. Screening for S. aureus is performed by 27.6%. Hair removal by shaving is used by 16.6% of responders. The most common antiseptic solutions are alcoholic chlorhexidine (57.2%) and aqueous povidone (23.3%). 62.8% of surgeons allow the solution to air dry before applying surgical drapes. Adhesive drapes in the surgical field are used routinely in 33.4% of cases. Perioperative normothermia, glucose control and hyperoxia are used in 84.3%, 65.9% and 23.3% of cases. Antimicrobial sutures and negative pressure therapy are used by 20.2% and 43.5% of teams, respectively. Prior to closing the incision, 83.9% replace surgical instruments always or selectively. Wound irrigation before closing is used in 78.1% of cases, mostly with saline. Check-lists, standardized orders, surveillance, feed-back and educational programs were rated most highly by respondents as a means to improve compliance with preventative guidelines, but few of these strategies were in place at their institutions. Gaps in the translation of evidence into practice remain in the prevention of SSI among different surgical specialities. Several areas for improvement have been identified, as some core prevention measures are not in common use.

A Study on Udder Health Management Practices, Reproductive Disorders and Subclinical Mastitis in Buffalo Herds in Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Mastitis is an economically important disease of intensive buffalo dairy farming worldwide. Detection of subclinical mastitis (SCM) is important for its management and control. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of reproductive disorders, SCM and udder health management practices in the buffalo dairy farms of Bhola District, Bangladesh. Data on animal demographics, reproduction status, daily milk yield and status of California Mastitis Test (CMT) result were recorded. A total of 402 buffaloes were observed in two farms at Bhola district and among them 70 milking buffaloes were randomly selected for CMT. The overall prevalence of SCM in buffalo was 20.0%. Young age group of buffaloes was more susceptible for SCM and it was not significant difference. Parity and stage of lactation have no any effect on SCM. However, abortion case was more susceptible to SCM than other diseases but not any significant difference. During milking the milkers never use any antiseptic solution for washing the udder and never use any feed supply during milking. Among the isolated organisms Staphylococcus spp. and E. coli were found more frequent in the study area and gentamicin and ciprofloxaclin were most sensitive to the isolated organisms. From this study it was concluded that buffalo‘s udder was very resistance to SCM infection and udder management practice was very poor. Common antibiotics were resistance to isolated organisms from SCM case. Gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were found more susceptible against all four isolated organisms.

Post-injection endophthalmitis rates with reduced povidone-iodine prophylaxis in patients with self-reported iodine sensitivity.

Our objectives were (1) to report the post-injection endophthalmitis rate over 18 months, and (2) to determine any difference in the incidence of endophthalmitis in patients treated with reduced or no 5% povidone-iodine (PI) due to self-reported PI sensitivity. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients who received intravitreal injections (IVIs) from January 1st, 2018 to June 26th, 2019. Information on patients' age, gender visual acuities, the number of injections, drug administered, self-reported iodine sensitivity and injection protocols were obtained from electronic and paper records. For endophthalmitis cases, vitreous culture results and treatment were also noted. Patients were divided into three cohorts based on the injection protocol used for statistical analysis. During the study period 22,046 IVIs were administered to 3332 eyes of 2709 patients. Intolerance to PI was reported by 2.4% of patients. The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.02% (4/21,185) with the standard 5% PI protocol, 0.78% (6/769) with a reduced PI protocol involving fewer drops of 5% PI and chlorohexidine 0.05% for periorbital skin cleansing, and 1.09% (1/92) without any PI use. Receiving the standard PI protocol was associated with significantly lower rates of endophthalmitis compared to both the reduced PI and no PI protocols (p < 0.0001). Patients who opt for less or no PI use are likely at significantly increased risk of developing post-IVI endophthalmitis. It is imperative to educate, counsel and consent these patients accordingly while exploring alternative antiseptic solutions.

Workplace Hygiene Practice among Saloon Workers in Bangladesh Army

Introduction: In Bangladesh like any other developing country, saloon is the unique place for transmission of some communicable diseases.&#x0D; Objectives: To explore the level of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding hygienic and cleanliness among saloon workers of Bangladesh Army.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in different barber shops of army units in Dhaka cantonment during the month of May 2011. Data were collected from 115 saloon worker by structured questionnaire through face to face interview.&#x0D; Results: Mean age of 115 respondents’ was 22.65±5.8 years whereas 76% of the respondents have less than 5 years of service. Their monthly income was less than 8000 taka and 70.4% had only primary education. About 77% washed linen used for wrapping twice a week and 16.5% did it in alternate day. About 89.5% had awareness and knowledge of transmission of skin diseases through unclean comb, but only 2.6% did not have any knowledge regarding this matter. In case of disease spread through unclean handle of blade/khur majority 60% respondents were aware about skin disease but only 12% were aware about AIDS and 16.5% were aware about jaundice. Majority (90%) found using antiseptic solution to clean used shaving brush /handle of razors. No respondent clean their hand before providing service to each customer and none used fresh linen for each customer rather 1 linen for every 10-12 customer on average.&#x0D; Conclusion: The study revealed that majority of the saloon workers were either illiterate or had only primary plus level education with poor socio economic background. Despite the knowledge and practice of workplace hygiene among the saloon workers are quite satisfactory levels even though there are areas for further improvement.&#x0D; Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.15 (1) 2019: 79-80

Evaluation of the efficacy of antiseptic gel solution for peritoneal lavage in generalized peritonitis

In 80-85% of cases successful management of generalized peritonitis depends on the effect of intraoperative and postoperative peritoneal cavity lavage.The aim of the study is to improve the effectiveness of peritoneal lavage with antiseptic gel solution in patients with generalized peritonitis.Materials and methods. The analysis of the comprehensive treatment was performed in 96 cases diagnosed as generalized peritonitis at the clinic of the Department of Surgery and Proctology of P.L. Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education from 2016 to 2020. The patients were 23 to 76 years old (the mean age was 54.3 ± 2.1). Among them there were 63 males (65.6%) and 33 females (34.4%). Depending on the method of peritoneal cavity lavage, patients were categorized into two groups. Group I or main group, including 47 (48.96%) patients, underwent peritoneal lavage with an antiseptic gel solution in compliance with the method of our invention (patent ofUkraine № 123924 for the utility model as of 12 March 2018). Group II or comparison group, including 49 (51.04%) patients, underwent peritoneal lavage with 0.02% chlorhexidine bigluconate.Results. In group I, the use of antiseptic gel solution for peritoneal lavage reduced the number of strains from 94 to 49 (p &lt;0.01), the number of colonies - from 43.69 Lg CFU / mL to 20.08 Lg CFU / mL, Δ = 23.61 Lg CFU / mL (p &lt;0.01), whereas in group II, the number of strains decreased from 93 to 68 (p &lt;0.01) and the number of colonies from 42.68 Lg CFU / mL to 30.87 Lg CFU / mL, Δ = 11.81 Lg CFU / mL (p &lt;0.01). The study found significant reduction of the number of E. Coli strains to28 in group I compared with41 in group II and the number of colonies to 3.35 Lg CFU / mL in group I compared with 5.28 Lg CFU / mL in group II. The number of leukocytes in patients of group I was lower and amounted to 7.2 ± 0.9 comparing to 10.5 ±1.2 in patients of group II (pI-II &lt;0.05). Dynamics of procalcitonin concentration before and after peritoneal lavage: from 5.7 ± 0.4 ng / ml to 1.1 ±0.1 in group I, from 5.9 ± 0.5 ng / ml to 3.54 ± 0, 4 ng / ml in group II (pI-II &lt;0.05). The clinical results of the complex treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis showed that in group I the complications occurred in 10.6% (5/47) of peritonitis cases, and in group II - in 26.5% (13/49) of peritonitis cases. In group I, the average length of hospital stay was 9 ± 1.4 days comparing to 14 ± 2.2 days in group II (p &lt;0.01).ConclusionsIn generalized peritonitis, an antiseptic gel solution for peritoneal lavage showed higher efficacy than water-based antiseptic due to its ability to cover the entire parietal and visceral peritoneal surface as well as maximum exposure, thus reducing the number of strains of microorganisms from 94 to 49, the number of colonies from 43,69 lg CFU / ml to 20.08 lg CFU / ml, whereas the use of water-based antiseptic helped to decrease the number of strains of microorganisms from 93 to 68, the number of colonies from 42.68 lg CFU / ml to 30.87 lg CFU / ml.In the comprehensive surgical treatment of patients with generalized peritonitis, peritoneal lavage with antiseptic gel solution helped to reduce the overall incidence of postoperative complications to 10.6% in group I comparing to 26.5% in group II, the occurrence of abdominal abscesses to 2.13% in group I comparing to 8,16% in group II, early adhesive intestinal obstruction to 2.13% in group I comparing to 8.16% in group II, postoperative wound suppuration to 6.38% in group I comparing to 10.2% in group II. Peritoneal lavage with antiseptic gel solution also decreased the average length of in-hospital stay to 9 ±1.4 ingroup I comparing to 14 ± 2.2 days in group II.

Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression Changes of a Novel Homeopathic Antiseptic Oral Rinse in Comparison to Chlorhexidine in Gingival Fibroblasts.

Most available antiseptic solutions available today have strong antibacterial effects, however most also possess major cytotoxic effects on human gingival tissues. The VEGA Oral Care Recovery Kit (StellaLife), previously evaluated in clinical studies, consists of 16 active ingredients that are monographed in the Homeopathic Pharmacopeia of United States (HPUS) and recognized for their accelerated healing properties (reduction in post-op pain). The aim of this study was to compare VEGA to chlorhexidine (CHX) in vitro on gingival fibroblast viability, survival at various concentrations, migration assay, proliferation activity, expression of both regenerative growth factors as well as inflammatory markers, and collagen synthesis. A 10-fold dilution of standard CHX (0.02%) led to cell death, whereas cell viability was significantly better in the VEGA group for all tested parameters. Furthermore, VEGA also induced significantly greater fibroblast migration and proliferation. CHX negatively impacted the cellular inflammatory response of gingival fibroblasts, and also led to a reduction in collagen synthesis (50% decrease). Findings from the present study provide support from basic laboratory experiments that validate the previous clinical studies supporting the use of the VEGA oral rinse on its superior biocompatibility and wound healing properties when compared to CHX.

Povidone-Iodine Demonstrates Rapid In Vitro Virucidal Activity Against SARS-CoV-2, The Virus Causing COVID-19 Disease.

IntroductionAs of 22 June 2020, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)-2 has infected more than 8.95 million people worldwide, causing > 468,000 deaths. The virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and physical contact from contaminated surfaces to the mucosa. Hand hygiene and oral decontamination among other measures are key to preventing the spread of the virus. We report the in vitro virucidal activity of topical and oral povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSuspension assays were used to assess the virucidal activity of PVP-I against SARS-CoV-2. Products were tested at a contact time of 30 s for virucidal activity. Viral titres were calculated using the Spearman–Kärber method and reported as median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/mL.ResultsAll four products [antiseptic solution (PVP-I 10%), skin cleanser (PVP-I 7.5%), gargle and mouth wash (PVP-I 1%) and throat spray (PVP-I 0.45%)] achieved ≥ 99.99% virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2, corresponding to ≥ 4 log10 reduction of virus titre, within 30 s of contact.ConclusionThis study provides evidence of rapid and effective virucidal activity of PVP-I against SARS-CoV-2. PVP-I-based products are widely available for medical and personal use for hand hygiene and oral decontamination, and could be readily integrated into coronavirus disease, COVID-19, infection control measures in hospital and community settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s40121-020-00316-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.