Effect Of Antioxidant Supplementation Research Articles

The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Soccer Performance and Recovery: A Critical Review of the Available Evidence.

Background Soccer is linked to an acute inflammatory response and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Antioxidant supplements have shown promising effects in reducing muscle damage and oxidative stress and enhancing the recovery process after eccentric exercise. This critical review highlights the influence of antioxidant supplements on performance and recovery following soccer-related activity, training, or competition. Methods: English-language publications from the main databases that examine how antioxidant-based nutrition and supplements affect the recovery process before, during, and after soccer practice or competition were used. Results:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), astaxanthin (Asx), red orange juice (ROJS), L-carnitine (LC), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), beetroot (BET), turmeric root, and tangeretin reduce muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin, cortisol, lactate dehudrogenase, muscle soreness). Tangeretin, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric root, and aronia melanocarpa restrict inflammation (leukocytes, prostalagdin E2, C-reactive protein, IL-6 and 10). Q10, DHA, Asx, tangeretin, lippia citriodora, quercetin, allopurinol, turmeric root, ROJS, aronia melanocarpa, vitamins C-E, green tea (GTE), and sour tea (STE) reduce oxidative stress (malondialdehude, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutases, protein carbonyls, ascorbate, glutathione peroxidase, and paraoxonase 1). BET and NAC reinforce performance (endurance, jump, speed, strength). Conclusions: Further research is needed to determine the main mechanism and the acute and long-term impacts of antioxidant supplements in soccer.

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

The Effect of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants Treatment on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Outcome: A Scoping Review.

Diagnosing a pregnant woman's glucose intolerance is referred to as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Diabetes has been linked to enhanced oxidative stress. In this condition, oxidative stress may damage nucleic acids, fats, and proteins, which in turn affects cell and tissue functions. The present study highlights the relationship between oxidative stress and GDM, with a particular focus on the role of hyperglycemia-induced processes during reactive oxygen species (ROS) oversupply, followed by it discusses the oxidative stress biomarkers and assesses the effects of antioxidant supplements on glycemic control, inflammatory processes, and oxidative stress among individuals with GDM. Two reviewers conducted a comprehensive literature search utilizing the PubMed®, Web of Science™, and Scopus® databases. Only items published in the English language up until June 2024 were taken into account. We conducted a thorough search of research databases to identify articles that had the terms "oxidative stress" or "antioxidant" and "GDM". From this search, we selected 55 relevant papers to be included in this narrative review. Pregnancy-induced hypertension, postpartum bleeding, lower birth weight, a higher risk of hyperbilirubinemia in their neonates, fetal growth retardation, and birth asphyxia were revealed to be outcomes of women enduring major oxidative stress during pregnancy. Furthermore, tight glycemic control both before and throughout pregnancy as well as oxidative stress treatment may help women highly prone to GDM.

P-093 The effect of antioxidant supplementation on sperm quality in infertile men: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract Study question Is sperm quality improved in infertile men after administration for three months of a combination of antioxidants as compared to placebo? Summary answer Administration in infertile men for three months of a combination of antioxidants as compared to placebo does not improve sperm quality. What is known already In infertile men, limited evidence exists to support treatment with a combination of antioxidants for improving sperm quality. A recent Cochrane meta-analysis suggested that treatment of these patients with combinations of antioxidants as compared to placebo or no treatment results in an increase in sperm motility (MD + 12.71 95%CI +11.33 to + 14.08, 7 studies, 684 patients), while no beneficial effect was observed on DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and on the probability of live birth. Nevertheless, combinations of antioxidants are widely used in clinical practice at present. Study design, size, duration This randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effect of a combination of antioxidants on sperm motility (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes were sperm concentration, morphology, DFI and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). For this purpose, 79 infertile men, were randomized, using a computer-generated randomization list, between 2019-2022, to receive either a combination of antioxidants (n = 40) or placebo (n = 39) for three months. This was a quadruple-blind trial (participants, clinicians, outcome assessors, data analyst). Participants/materials, setting, methods Sperm variables were evaluated according to WHO criteria, ROS levels by the detection of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine peroxidation product on sperm and DFI by flow cytometry. For all outcomes, the changes between treatment initiation and completion were assessed in both the antioxidant and the placebo groups and compared statistically. Values are expressed as mean (95%CI of the mean) and statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. Main results and the role of chance Nine patients dropped out from the study, since they did not perform the second sperm analysis for personal reasons and thus did not complete the study process. No differences were observed between the antioxidants and the placebo group regarding male age {mean difference (MD) -1.3 years, 95%CI -1.4 to + 4.1}, smoking (antioxidants: 41.6%, 95%CI 25.5 to 59.2 vs placebo: 43.5%, 95%CI 27.8 to 60.3), exercise (antioxidants: 45.4%, 95%CI 28.1 to 63.6 vs placebo: 16.1%, 95%CI 5.4 to 33.7) and primary infertility (antioxidants: 82.3%, 95%CI 65.4 to 93.2 vs placebo: 85.7%, 95%CI 69.7 to 95.1). No statistically significant differences were observed in infertile men who received a combination of antioxidants or placebo, between the changes of pre and post treatment values, regarding sperm motility (-3.5%, 95%CI: -13 to + 5.9, p = 0.742), concentration (-1.9%, 95%CI: -15.7 to + 11.8, p = 0.0.77), morphology (-0.10%, 95%CI: -0.8 to 0.6, p = 0.793), DFI (0.2%, 95%CI: -3.8 to + 4.4, p = 0.891) and levels of ROS (-1.2%, 95%CI: -3.2 to + 0.8, p = 0.231). No side effects were reported in antioxidants combination treated patients for the duration of follow-up. Limitations, reasons for caution The current RCT did not explicitly include men with abnormal DFI, limiting the extrapolation of the results obtained in this group of patients. Moreover, it was not designed to evaluate the probability of pregnancy either spontaneously or after Medically Assisted Reproduction (MAR). Wider implications of the findings The current study does not support the use of antioxidants for enhancing male infertility. Future relevant studies should focus on identifying the optimal population and duration of treatment. Trial registration number NCT04256278

The Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on the Pathologic Mechanisms of Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Development.

In people with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, lipid and glucose metabolism and oxidative stress generation interact. This condition, known as a "metabolic syndrome" (MetS), presents a global challenge and appears to be the underlying mechanism for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review is designed based on evidence indicating the pathogenic mechanisms of MetS. In detail, we will look at the mechanisms of oxidative stress induction in MetS, the effects of elevated oxidative stress levels on the condition's pathophysiology, and matters related to endothelial function. According to different components of the MetS pathophysiological network, the effects of antioxidants and endothelial dysfunction are reviewed. After considering the strategic role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of MetS and its associated CVDs, oxidative stress management by antioxidant supplementation seems an appropriate therapeutic approach.

Effects of antioxidant supplementation for polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 13%. Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels contribute to the development of various diseases, and one of them is polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of antioxidant administration in PCOS treatment. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a decreased efficiency of antioxidant mechanisms, which can potentially cause damage. The harmful effects of free radicals might be neutralized by antioxidants obtained from the diet, such as polyphenols, vitamins C, and E. These compounds improve several aspects of the PCOS pathomechanism, including hormonal imbalance, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and ovarian functionality. Conclusions: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that antioxidants such as resveratrol, curcumin, vitamin C and E, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin have therapeutic potential in the management of PCOS. However, currently antioxidant therapies cannot be recommended in PCOS therapy since there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials on a larger sample to establish a long-term effects of antioxidants supplementation in PCOS, the optimal dosage, and finally to assess which antioxidant is the most efficient in PCOS treatment.

Effects of antioxidant supplementation for polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction and purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy in women, with a prevalence ranging from 10% to 13%. Oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant levels contribute to the development of various diseases, and one of them is polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge about the effects of antioxidant administration in PCOS treatment. A brief description of the state of knowledge: Oxidative stress is an imbalance between increased levels of reactive oxygen species and a decreased efficiency of antioxidant mechanisms, which can potentially cause damage. The harmful effects of free radicals might be neutralized by antioxidants obtained from the diet, such as polyphenols, vitamins C, and E. These compounds improve several aspects of the PCOS pathomechanism, including hormonal imbalance, glucose metabolism, lipid profile, and ovarian functionality. Conclusions: The outcomes of all the reviewed studies in this paper indicate that antioxidants such as resveratrol, curcumin, vitamin C and E, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin have therapeutic potential in the management of PCOS. However, currently antioxidant therapies cannot be recommended in PCOS therapy since there is a need for more prospective randomized clinical trials on a larger sample to establish a long-term effects of antioxidants supplementation in PCOS, the optimal dosage, and finally to assess which antioxidant is the most efficient in PCOS treatment.

The effects of antioxidant supplementation on short-term mortality in sepsis patients

BackgroundThe occurrence and development of sepsis are related to the excessive production of oxygen free radicals and the weakened natural clearance mechanism. Further dependable evidence is required to clarify the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy, especially its impact on short-term mortality. ObjectivesThe purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of common antioxidant therapy on short-term mortality in patients with sepsis. MethodsAccording to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search on antioxidants in adults sepsis patients was performed on PubMed/Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from the establishment of the database to November 2023. Antioxidant supplements can be a single-drug or multi-drug combination: HAT (hydrocortisone, ascorbic acid, and thiamine), ascorbic acid, thiamine, N-acetylcysteine and selenium. The primary outcome was the effect of antioxidant treatment on short-term mortality, which included 28-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, intensive care unit mortality, and 30-day mortality. Subgroup analyses of short-term mortality were used to reduce statistical heterogeneity and publication bias. ResultsSixty studies of 130,986 sepsis patients fulfilled the predefined criteria and were quantified and meta-analyzed. Antioxidant therapy reduces the risk of short-term death in sepsis patients by multivariate meta-analysis of current data, including a reduction of in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99; P = 0.040) and 28-day mortality (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.95]; P = 0.008). Particularly in subgroup analyses, ascorbic acid treatment can reduce in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98; P = 0.006) and 28-day mortality (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.75; P = 0.003). However, the meta-analysis of RCTs found that antioxidant therapy drugs, especially ascorbic acid, did substantially reduce short-term mortality(OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.98; P = 0.030; OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.91; P = 0.020). ConclusionsAccording to current data of RCTs, antioxidant therapy, especially ascorbic acid, has a trend of improving short-term mortality in patients with sepsis, but the evidence remains to be further demonstrated.

The effect of antioxidant supplementation on dysmenorrhea and endometriosis-associated painful symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

This study aimed to review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of dietary antioxidant supplements on the severity of endometriosis-related pain symptoms. The PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched until April 2022. Additionally, we manually searched the reference lists. Endpoints were summarized as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a random-effects model. The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. Ten RCTs were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, 10 studies were related to dysmenorrhea, four to dyspareunia, and four to pelvic pain. Antioxidants significantly reduced dysmenorrhea (SMD, -0.48; 95% CI, -0.82 to -0.13; I2=75.14%). In a subgroup analysis, a significant reduction of dysmenorrhea was observed only in a subset of trials that administered vitamin D (SMD, -0.59; 95% CI, -1.13 to -0.06; I2=69.59%) and melatonin (SMD, -1.40; 95% CI, -2.47 to -0.32; I2=79.15%). Meta-analysis results also suggested that antioxidant supplementation significantly improved pelvic pain (SMD, -1.51; 95% CI, -2.74 to -0.29; I2=93.96%), although they seem not to have a significant beneficial impact on the severity of dyspareunia. Dietary antioxidant supplementation seems to beneficially impact the severity of endometriosis-related dysmenorrhea (with an emphasis on vitamin D and melatonin) and pelvic pain. However, due to the relatively small sample size and high heterogeneity, the findings should be interpreted cautiously, and the importance of further well-designed clinical studies cannot be overstated.

Improvement of diluted semen from Muscovy (Cairina moschata) drakes by the addition of water-soluble antioxidants.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of antioxidant supplementation in diluted semen from Muscovy drakes after the induction of oxidative stress (OS) on the sperm motility, kinematic parameters and biochemical markers - lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and total glutathione (tGSH) concentration. The pooled semen was distributed equally into three parts, diluted (1:3 v/v) with IMV Canadyl, HIA-1 or AU, and stored at 4°C for 6 h. Later, the semen was equilibrated at 20-25°C for 15 min, and divided in Eppendorf tubes. The sperm samples (final concentration of 50 × 106 sperm cells/mL per sample) were incubated at 37°C for 30 min in the absence (-) or presence (+) of 0.1 mM FeSO4 + 0.5 mM H2 O2 (Fenton system) and the following combinations of antioxidants: ascorbic acid + Trolox (A + T); ascorbic acid + Desferal (A + D); Trolox + Desferal (T + D) and ascorbic acid + Trolox + Desferal (A + T + D), all of them in a final concentration of 0.1 mM. Thus, the total number of samples was 30 and in each one, the sperm motility, velocity parameters, LPO and tGSH were determined. The motility and kinematic parameters of the diluted semen with added antioxidants were restored by up to 20% after inducing OS via the Fenton reaction. Dual combinations of antioxidants (A + T, A + D, and T + D) lowered LPO levels, but not equally across different extenders. After the induction of OS, the tGSH levels in diluted semen with IMV-Canadyl were not affected by the added antioxidants. Whereas antioxidant combinations in diluted semen with HIA-1 or AU had a beneficial effect and partially restored tGSH levels. In conclusion, the results showed that the extender IMV-Canadyl is well balanced and protected the Muscovy semen under OS conditions, while the other two extenders HIA-1 and AU can be improved by adding antioxidants.

Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on NET Formation Induced by LPS In Vitro; the Roles of Vitamins E and C, Glutathione, and N-acetyl Cysteine.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) require reactive oxygen species (ROS) to eliminate pathogens by inducing oxidative stress. However, this process can also cause tissue damage to the host. Neutrophils contain high concentrations of vitamin C (1.5 mM) compared to the bloodstream (0.1 mM), and this antioxidant can interact with vitamin E and glutathione (GSH) inside the cell to maintain the redox balance. Previous studies have investigated the effect of vitamins E or C and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on NET formation, but the interactions of these molecules in neutrophils remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of antioxidants alone and two combinations on NET formation and oxidative stress. Neutrophils were pre-loaded with GSH + NAC or vitamin E + vitamin C + GSH + NAC (termed ALL), and LPS-induced NET formation was assessed using fluorometry and immunofluorescence. Antioxidant effects were evaluated by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), GSH/GSSG ratio, ROS production, nitrite + nitrate levels, and lipid peroxidation. Our results showed that even low doses of antioxidants are capable of decreasing NETs. Furthermore, the combinations augmented TAC and GSH/GSSG ratio and decreased ROS, nitrites + nitrates, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in supplemented neutrophils in vitro.

Antioxidant supplements and cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review (P14-3.003)

<h3>Objective:</h3> We aimed to conduct a systematic review to examine whether there is an association between antioxidants supplements and cognitive performance in MS patients. <h3>Background:</h3> Cognitive dysfunction is a debilitating characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects approximately 60% of patients. To date, the only effective treatments for cognitive decline are cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training. While previous studies reported the beneficial effect of antioxidants on MS patients, several other studies investigated the effect of antioxidant supplements on the cognitive performance of MS patients. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for the identification of relevant studies in November 2021. We included control trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies which showed the effect of any type of antioxidants on cognitive performance in MS patients. <h3>Results:</h3> After screening 12 papers were included in our study. Our review included three studies that examined the effect of ginkgo Biloba on cognitive performance, two examined the Mediterranean diet, and remained studies each investigated the vitamin A, Omega 5, Omega 3, estriol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Boswellia papyrifera, and paleolithic diet. Overall, it seems that there were no benefits for antioxidant administration on cognitive performance in MS patients. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> It is complicated to draw a conclusion regarding the effect of an antioxidant-containing regimen and cognitive performance in MS patients. Findings from included studies failed to unequivocally support the beneficial effect of antioxidant consumption on cognitive performance in MS patients. <b>Disclosure:</b> Mr. Nabizadeh has nothing to disclose.

Antioxidant Supplementation on Male Fertility-A Systematic Review.

PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane electronic bibliographies were searched using the modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to evaluate studies on the benefit of antioxidant therapy on infertile men. Results were analyzed regarding the following aspects: (a) ingredient and dose; (b) potential mechanism of action and rationale for use; and (c) effect on various reported outcomes. Thus, 29 studies found a substantial positive effect of AS on outcomes of assisted reproductive therapy (ART), WHO semen parameters, and live-birth rate. Carnitines, Vitamin E and C, N-acetyl cysteine, coenzyme Q10, selenium, zinc, folic acid, and lycopene were beneficial ingredients. Nevertheless, some studies did not show a substantial change in one or more factors. AS seems to have a positive effect on male fertility. Environmental factors may play an increasing role in fertility. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal AS combination and the influence of environmental factors.

The effect of antioxidants supplementation on oxidative stress and proinflammatory biomarkers in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address the effect of antioxidant supplementation on oxidative stress and proinflammatory biomarkers in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Systematic literature searches from the date of inception up to September 16th, 2022, were performed on PubMed, SCOPUS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials using relevant keywords, i.e., "Chronic Kidney Disease" and "antioxidants", and "supplementation". All studies relevant to the selection criteria were included in the analysis, focusing on any type of oxidative stress and proinflammatory biomarkers. A meta-analysis of included literature was conducted if sufficient data was obtained. This systematic review involved 32 published studies, with most having a Jadad score of ≥ 3 (65.6%). Only studies on antioxidants, i.e., polyphenols (n=5) and vitamin E (n=6) in curcumin/turmeric, were sufficient to be included in a meta-analysis. Curcumin/turmeric supplementation was found to significantly reduce the serum c-reative protein (CRP) [standardized mean difference (SMD) -0.5238 (95% CI: -1.0495, 0.0019); p = 0.05; I2 = 78%; p = 0.001]. Similarly, vitamin E supplementation was found to significantly reduce the serum CRP [SMD -0.37 (95% CI: -0.711, -0.029); p = 0.03; I2= 53%; p = 0.06] , but not serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) [SMD -0.26 (95% CI: -0.68, 0.16); p = 0.22; I2 = 43%; p = 0.17] and malondialdehyde (MDA) content [SMD -0.94 (95% CI: -1.92, 0.04); p = 0.06; I2= 87%; p = 0.0005]. Our review suggests that curcumin/turmeric and vitamin E supplements effectively lower serum CRP levels in CKD patients, particularly those undergoing chronic dialysis (CKD-5D). Higher scales of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are still needed for other antioxidants due to inconclusive and contradicting results.

Antioxidant supplements and cognition in Multiple Sclerosis: a systematic review

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a debilitating characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) that affects approximately 60% of patients. To date, the only effective treatments for cognitive decline are cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training. While previous studies reported the beneficial effect of antioxidants on MS patients, several other studies investigated the effect of antioxidant supplements on the cognitive performance of MS patients. We aimed to conduct a systematic review to examine whether there is an association between antioxidants supplements and cognitive performance in MS patients.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for the identification of relevant studies in November 2021. We included control trials, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies which showed the effect of any type of antioxidants on cognitive performance in MS patients.Results: After screening 12 papers were included in our study. Our review included three studies that examined the effect of ginkgo Biloba on cognitive performance, two examined the Mediterranean diet, and remained studies each investigated the vitamin A, Omega 5, Omega 3, estriol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), Boswellia papyrifera, and paleolithic diet. Overall, it seems that there were no benefits of antioxidant administration on cognitive performance in MS patients.

Effect of Antioxidant supplementation on Some Hematological Parameters and Thermoregulatory Responses of Aberdeen Angus Cows During Hot Season in Arid Subtropical Regions.

Effect of Antioxidant supplementation on Some Hematological Parameters and Thermoregulatory Responses of Aberdeen Angus Cows During Hot Season in Arid Subtropical Regions.

Overview of oxidative stress and the role of micronutrients in critical illness.

Inflammation and oxidative stress represent physiological response mechanisms to different types of stimuli and injury during critical illness. Its proper regulation is fundamental to cellular and organismal survival and are paramount to outcomes and recovery from critical illness. A proper maintenance of the delicate balance between inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune response is crucial for resolution from critical illness with important implications for patient outcome. The extent of inflammation and oxidative stress under normal conditions is limited by the antioxidant defense system of the human body, whereas the antioxidant capacity is commonly significantly compromised, and serum levels of micronutrients and vitamins significantly depleted in patients who are critically ill. Hence, the provision of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients may help to reduce the extent of oxidative stress and therefore improve clinical outcomes in patients who are critically ill. As existing evidence of the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in patients who are critically ill is still unclear, actual findings about the most promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidative candidates selenium, vitamin C, zinc, and vitamin D will be discussed in this narrative review. The existing evidence provided so far demonstrates that several factors need to be considered to determine the efficacy of an antioxidant supplementation strategy in patients who are critically ill and indicates the need for adequately designed multicenter prospective randomized control trials to evaluate the clinical significance of different types and doses of micronutrients and vitamins in selected groups of patients with different types of critical illness.

Antioxidant supplements relieve insulin resistance but do not improve lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

Objective: The effect of antioxidant supplements on glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether antioxidant supplements improve glucose metabolism and lipid profiles in women with PCOS to provide optimal nutritional supplement advice in clinical practice. Methods: The search was conducted across multiple medical databases from inception to January 1, 2022 and performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random effects model was used to calculate the overall effects. Results: Eighteen trials (1113 participants) were included. Antioxidant supplements significantly improved insulin resistance (95% CI, −0.62, −0.30; p < 0.00001; I2 =48%), fasting insulin (95% CI, −0.80, −0.44; p < 0.00001; I2 = 48%), and fasting plasma glucose (95% CI, −0.54, −0.21; p < 0.00001; I2 = 38%) in patients with PCOS. However, antioxidant supplements were found to not improve most indices of lipid profiles in PCOS except triglyceride. Conclusions: Antioxidant supplements are an effective intervention for relieving insulin resistance but do not significantly improve lipid metabolism in women with PCOS.

Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation on Metabolic Disorders in Obese Patients from Randomized Clinical Controls: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Purpose This systematic review and meta-analysis aim at elucidating the heterogeneity in beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese adults by exploring the differential effects of antioxidant supplementation on basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism, systemic antioxidant capacity, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function. Methods The inclusion criteria specified randomized controlled trials with antioxidant intervention for adults (mean body mass index (BMI) > 30), from inception to Aug. 8, 2021, in the PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Meta-analysis and publication bias were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Stata16 software was used to detect publication bias with Egger's and Begg's methods being mainly used. The data of basic indicators of obesity, lipid metabolism index, oxidative stress index, inflammatory biomarkers, and liver function index were collected to analyze the beneficial effects of antioxidant supplementation in obese patients. Results A total of 30 studies were included in this study with a sample of 845 obese patients from the antioxidant supplementation group and 766 obese patients from the placebo control group. The meta-analysis showed that obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had lower BMI (mean difference (MD): − 0.44 [95%confidence interval (CI): − 0.84, −0.04], p = 0.03), waist circumference (MD : −0.78 [95%CI:−1.45, −0.11], p = 0.02), fasting blood glucose (FBG) level (standardized mean difference (SMD): − 4.92 [95%CI:−6.87, −2.98], p < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (MD : −0.45 [95%CI:−0.61, −0.3], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Obese patients on antioxidant supplementation had lower levels of total cholesterol (SMD : −0.43 [95%CI:−0.84, −0.02], p = 0.04), triglycerides (SMD : −0.17 [95%CI:−0.31, −0.04], p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein (SMD : −0.15 [95%CI:−0.29, −0.01], p = 0.03), malondialdehyde (SMD : −1.67 [95%CI:−2.69, −0.65], p = 0.001), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (SMD : −0.29 [95%CI:−0.56, −0.02], p = 0.03), respectively, when compared to the placebo group. In addition, obese patients with antioxidant supplementation had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (SMD : 0.25 [95%CI : 0.03, 0.46], p = 0.03) and superoxide dismutase (SMD : 1.09 [95%CI : 0.52, 1.65], p < 0.001) when compared to the placebo group. Antioxidant supplementation had no effects on other analyzed parameters including waist–hip ratio, leptin, fat mass, interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase in obese patients. Conclusion The meta-analysis results indicated that antioxidant supplementation exerted potential beneficial effects in obese patients by regulating FBG, oxidative stress, and inflammation, whilst more high-quality studies are required to confirm these effects. The present study may provide important insights for the treatment of clinical obesity and obesity-associated complications.

Antioxidants Supplementation During Exercise: Friends or Enemies for Cardiovascular Homeostasis?

Exercise is a preferred strategy for improving cardiac function, especially for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in exercise-induced cardioprotection, while the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Furthermore, the effect of antioxidant supplementation during or post-exercise still exists despite divergences. To explore the effect of oxidative stress and antioxidant supplementation on cardiovascular homeostasis during or post-exercise, we take insights into the progress of exercise-induced oxidative stress, antioxidant supplementation, and cardiovascular homeostasis. In particular, antioxidants such as vitamin C or E, gamma-oryzanol, and other natural antioxidants are discussed concerning regulating exercise-associated oxidative stress. Additionally, our present study reviewed and discussed a meta-analysis of antioxidant supplementation during exercise. Overall, we take an insight into the essential biological adaptations in response to exercise and the effects of antioxidant supplementation on cardiac function, which aid us in giving recommendations on antioxidant supplementation for exercisers and exercised people. A better understanding of these issues will broaden our knowledge of exercise physiology.