Antimony Pentoxide Research Articles

Determination of some bioelements in rice grains by neutron activation analysis

The dietetic contribution of some bioelements, namely sodium, potassium, chromium, manganese, copper, zinc, bromine and lanthanum from rice grains was investigated by destructive neutron activation analysis. Three different species of rice grains, all grown in the Po river valley, were studied on account of different industrial treatments they had been submitted to. Radiochemical separations were carried out by means of inorganic adsorbers such as hydrated antimony pentoxide, metallic cadmium, tin dioxide and manganese dioxide. Results are presented and discussed. Precision and accuracy of the method is discussed as well. A depletion of the mineral content of the rice grains related to the different industrial treatments was established together with an enrichment of bromine in the treated grains.

Chromatographic and Adsorption Properties of Antimony Pentoxide

The surface of antimony pentoxide was found to be convenient for analytical purposes in gas—solid chromatography. Its main advantage is the selective complete retention or some organic compounds. On the basis of this property, rapid determinations can be achieved. The thermodynamic parameters for the adsorption of some representative organic compounds on antimony pentoxide have been determined. These values were then correlated with some physical properties of the compounds, thus enabling conclusions to be drawn about the nature of the forces responsible for the adsorption.

Investigations on the preparation and application of some inorganic separators for the removal of the matrix activity in neutron-activated biological samples

For the selective removal of the matrix activity (24Na,32P and42K) in the neutron activation analysis of biomedical samples the inorganic separators “hydrated antimony pentoxide”, zirconium phosphate, and titanium phosphate were prepared. The sorption parameters of the samples were determined via elution chromatography techniques, with appropriate tracers. The basic principles of the sorption processes were investigated, and the experimental conditions were optimized. These inorganic separators were then applied, combined with a distillation procedure and an ion-exchange separation, for the determination of the following trace elements in animal blood samples: Mn, Co, Cu, Fe and Zn.

Antimony pentoxide in the crystalline state

Antimony pentoxide in the crystalline state

Determination of sodium in high-purity zinc and selenium by neutron activation

A method is described for the determination of traces of sodium in high-purity zinc and selenium by neutron activation. The sample and portions of standard solution were irradiated in JRR-2 for 20 min at a thermal neutron flux of about 7 × 1013n/cm2· sec.The samples irradiated were cooled for about 2 hours.The zinc sample was etched with 5 N sulfuric acid and then dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid. The selenium sample was etched with aqua regia, dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, and converted to concentrated hydrochloric acid solution. The sample solution was poured into a hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) column (5φ × 30 mm) which was previously conditioned with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The column was washed with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Sodium-24 was adsorbed on HAP but zinc and selenium were not. The column was transferred to a polyethylene vial and its γ-activity was measured with a 3 x 3 inch NaI(Tl) detector and 400 channel pulse-height analyzer. The 2.754 MeV γ-ray photopeak of 24Na was used for the determination. The standard solutions were treated in the same way as the samples. Nuclides produced from zinc and selenium did not interfere with the determination of sodium.The proposed method was successfully applied to three NBS standard samples. A detection limit of this method was 10-3 ppm Na in zinc and selenium.

A method for the determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, K and Na in small tissue biopsies by neutron activation analysis

A method has been worked out for the determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, K and Na in tissue biopsies weighing between 10 and 50 mg. The samples were dried, packed in polyethylene containers and irradiated at a flux of 1.8·1012 n·cm−2·sec−1 for 48 hrs. They were dissolved and separated into five fractions by ion exchange chromatography. Managenese was precipitated and counted as MnO2 and zinc as quinaldate. Copper and potassium were counted in solution. Sodium was taken up in hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) and counted in that stage. Accuracy, precision and specificity were determined by recovery experiments and by analysis ofBowen's biological standard.

Removal of sodium from HAP

Removal of sodium from hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) was studied for several kinds of acid media.The results show that sodium ion strongly retained. on a HAP column can be easily removed by a concentrated perchloric or sulfuric acid as an effluent and quantitative recovery of sodium is obtained. The recovery of sodium from HAP are 98% and 99% in each 30 ml portions of 12M perchloric and 18M sulfuric acid, respectively.When the HAP column treated with concentrated perchloric or sulfuric acid is passed with diluted acid solution, adsorbing ability for sodium is recovered and HAP regains the same total retention capacity (1m M Na/g HAP).

Etude du comportement des metaux alcalins sur le pentoxyde d'antimoine hydrate

The behaviour of Na+, K+, Rb+ and Cs+ ions on hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP) has been studied, in various acid media and in ammonium hydroxide. The retention capacity of HAP for the alkali metal ions, as well as their retention rate, has been determined in all the media studied. Curves showing the variation of distribution coefficient values with acid or base concentration are presented.

The effect of some solvents on the benzaldehyde-styrene copolymer composition produced by a cationic process mechanism

T~E effect of solvents on the copolymerization of ethylene derivatives [1-9], but also tha t of styrene with trioxane [10, 11] or with tetroxane [12], was examined earlier. Hexane was used, but also benzene and 1,2-dichloroethane, as solvent during the styrene (St) copolymerization with benzaldehyde (BA) over BFs etherate [13]. The findings are re-examined together with the new ones in this report. The St copolymerization with BA over BF S etherate was carried out at 50°C in nitrobenzene, isobutyl chloride, the bromide or iodide, in toluene, and in the presence of ant imony pentoxide, or as a block copolymerization with nitrobenzene and 1, 2-dichloroethane as solvents. The results are reproduced in Figs. 1 and 2, and in Tables 1 and 2. The BA block copolymerization with St, as Fig. 1 shows, when the St : BA molar ratio was n in the copolymer, while tha t of the orginal mixture was S, yielded a straight line, which intersected the ordinate at a distance from the zero point larger than 1 (the Mayo-Lewis equation gives r2~0). These findings are similar to those in the copolymerizations of nitriles with epoxides, and for these we had proved tha t the nitrile units at the chain ends were replaced by epoxide molecules [14]. The dependence of n on the ratio of the number of solvent to BA moles, $1, is also linear and intersects the ordinate at distance ml/m2 from the zero point, where a bulk process is used. The slope of this line which filtimately determines

Determination of trace elements in glass by activation analysis using hydrated antimony pentoxide for sodium removal

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of trace elements in glass by activation analysis using hydrated antimony pentoxide for sodium removalThomas E. Gills, William F. Marlow, and Barbara A. ThompsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 14, 1831–1833Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50160a069RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (408 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Determination of 32 elements in rocks by neutron activation analysis and high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy

Neutron activation analysis and Ge(Li) spectroscopy was used to determine 32 elements in seven U.S.G.S. standard rocks of a wide range of composition. Short half-life nuclides (10 sec-10 min) were used to measure Sc, Hf, Dy, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, V (and Na) in an automated rabbit Ge(Li) detector system. The elements K, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Ba, La, Eu, Sm (and Mn) were determined by dissolution of the irradiated sample followed by removal of24Na on hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP). Long-lived nuclides were used to measure Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Zr, Rb, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ce, Eu, Yb, Tb, Lu, Hf, Ta and Th after decay of24Na. The method involves little radiochemistry and the separation is selective for24Na under the experimental conditions used. Elemental concentrations determined agree well with previously published data.

Selective removal of radio-sodium from neutron-activated materials by retention on hydrated antimony pentoxide

A new method is presented to remove sodium interferences from neutron-activated materials. The method is based on passage of the samples, dissolved in a concentrated acid solution on a column of hydrated antimony pentoxide (HAP). The retention is quantitative with a maximum capacity of 31 mg Na/g HAP. Only tantalum, in addition to sodium, was retained by HAP out of the 60 elements tested. The method should find applications in neutron activation analysis, particularly of biological materials. Applications are also foreseen in other analytical techniques, such as emission spectroscopy and flame spectrophotometry, where high sodium concentrations in the sample can be a source of interference.

Double oxides of antimony pentoxide with spinel structure

Double oxides of antimony pentoxide with spinel structure

The influence of ultrasonic waves on the hydrogen ion concentration and the stability of colloidal solutions

The influence of ultrasonic waves on the hydrogen ion concentration of several colloids have been studied It has been found that the sols of antimony sulphide, arsenious sulphide, stannic hydroxide, chromium hydroxide, vanadium pentoxide and manganese dioxide show slight decrease in pH values. On the other hand the sols of prussian blue, copper ferrocyanide, uranium ferrocyanide, aluminium hydroxide and cerium hydroxide show an increase and that of ferric arsenate, ferric phosphate and ferric hydroxide do not show any change in pH values. Further the sols of antimony sulphide, arsenic sulphide, manganese dioxide and uranium ferrocyanide coagulate on prolonged exposure and ceric hydroxide sol sets to a gel.

Sur la thermogravimétrie des précipités analytiques: Dosage de l'antimoine

With the help of the thermobalance of chevenard, the authors have traced the pyrolysis curves of the precipitates which usually serve for the gravimetric determination of antimony. The various methods were critically evaluated. The standard method using the sulphide can with advantage be replaced by precipitation with thiocyanate (the best of all methods), by heating to 170–292° of the sulphide precipitated by hydrogen sulphide, or by oxidizing the sulphide to antimony pentoxide by means of ferric compounds. The methods using tannin or oxine are not usable. The table given above lists the methods of determination and the corresponding temperature limits.

COMPARISON OF VARIOUS ANTIMONATES AS OPACIFIERS IN DRY‐PROCESS ENAMELS FOR CAST IRON*

AbstractAntimonates of potassium, lithium, barium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, zinc, aluminum, lead, and tin were substituted for sodium antimonate in an acid‐resisting dry‐process enamel for cast iron. The sodium antimonate content of this high‐lead enamel was also varied to permit comparisons of all antimonates with sodium antimonate, as a standard, on an equivalent antimony pentoxide basis. Reflectance, color, and acid‐resistance data on all enamels are presented.A number of the antimonates were compared as replacements for sodium antimonate in non‐acid‐resisting enamels of the lead‐bearing and leadless types. Reflectance and color data are given.In acid‐resisting enamels, antimonates of potassium and barium compared reasonably well with sodium antimonate in opacifying power without introducing objectionable colors. Barium antimonate also produced improved acid resistance.In non‐acid‐resisting enamels, only barium antimonate produced results approaching sodium antimonate in both leadless and lead‐bearing types.The data indicate that the antimonates do not contribute equally to opacity and color, even though all contain antimony in pentavalent form. Barium antimonate most closely approaches sodium antimonate in effectiveness. The behavior of the antimonates suggests an explanation for the variations often encountered with antimony oxide enamels.

X‐RAY INVESTIGATION OF THE OPACIFYING COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN SHEET‐IRON COVER ENAMELS*

ABSTRACTBy the use of X‐ray methods, sheet‐iron cover‐cnamel frits and fired enamels were investigated. The results obtained show that tin oxide exists as tin dioxide in the enamel, antimony as antimony pentoxide, fluorspar as calcium fluoride, and cryolite as sodium fluoride. Zirconium oxide does not exist as the crystalline zirconium oxide even when present as a mill addition. Variations in the compositions of the ordinary sheet‐iron cover enamels do not affect the identity of the crystals.

THE DETERMINATION BY X‐RAY METHODS OF CRYSTALLINE COMPOUNDS CAUSING OPACITY IN ENAMELS*

ABSTRACTThe crystalline compounds present in vitreous enamels were determined by X‐ray methods, particular reference being given to the opacifiers. It was shown that tin is present in enamels as crystalline tin oxide and antimony as the crystalline antimony pentoxide. Fluorspar added to the enamel contributes crystalline calcium fluoride. Cryolite and sodium silicofluoride contribute crystalline sodium fluoride. Other opacifiers and compounds such as zirconiuni oxide, zirconium silicatc, calcium phosphate, arsenic oxide, and zinc sulfide added to enamels were studied. With the exception of the zirconium opacity the compounds causing opacity in enamels were identified alone and in the presence of other opacifiers.

THE DETERMINATION BY X-RAY METHODS OF CRYSTALLINE COMPOUNDS CAUSING OPACITY IN ENAMELS*

The crystatline compounds present in vitreous enamels were determined by X-ray methods, particular reference being given to the opacifiers. It was shown that tin is present in enamels as crystalline tin oxide and antimony as the crystalline antimony pentoxide. Fluorspar added to the enamel contributes crystalline calcium fluoride. Cryolite and sodium silicofluoride contribute crystalline sodium fluoride. Other opacifiers and compounds such as zirconium oxide, zirconium silicate, calcium phosphate, arsenic oxide, and zinc sulfide added to enamels were studied. With the exception of the zirconium opacity the compounds causing opacity in enamels were identified alone and in the presence of other opacifiers.

X‐RAY INVESTIGATION OF THE OPACIFYING COMPOUNDS PRESENT IN SHEET‐IRON COVER ENAMELS*

ABSTRACTBy the use of X‐ray methods, sheet‐iron cover‐enamel frits and fired enamels were investigated. The results obtained show that tin oxide exists as tin dioxide in the enamel, antimony as antimony pentoxide, fluorspar as calcium fluoride, and cryolite as sodium fluoride. Zirconium oxide does not exist as the crystalline zirconium oxide even when present as a mill addition. Variations in the compositions of the ordinary sheet‐iron cover enamels do not affect the identity of the crystals.